Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management最新文献

{"title":"Books and Other Reviews","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"2366-2371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The postmodern era of environmental regulation","authors":"John Toll","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.4995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four years ago this month, I published an editorial in <i>Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</i> (IEAM) titled “The Modern Era of Environmental Regulation” (Toll, <span>2020</span>), a synopsis of the first 50 years of the modern era. It applauded improvements in environmental quality achieved by regulating chemical pollution, but it criticized the environmental regulatory framework and the profession that had developed to serve it. My concern was that environmental regulations provided the motive, means, and opportunity to spend too much time and money on relatively minor problems.</p><p>That concern hasn't ebbed. I've become both more cynical and more pragmatic. I've come to appreciate the importance of trust. Risk aversion creates mistrust, making smaller problems more difficult to solve than bigger ones. If you find yourself working on a site where the risk or potential risk reduction is relatively low, beware: Such sites can be more difficult to close. Stakeholders often mistrust experts who tell them that a site is not badly polluted, especially if remediation might be a gateway to restoration or redevelopment opportunities.</p><p>My pragmatic side recognizes that people, by and large, are rational actors.</p><p>If behaviors seem irrational, then we should suspect that we misunderstand what motivates those behaviors. As environmental scientists and engineers, we are trained to collect and analyze data to gradually reveal the truth of a matter. That's fine up to a point, but the logic breaks down when we buy into the belief that environmental data and their analyses hold the answers to environmental problems. We overvalue data on environmental conditions and undervalue data on human values and motivations. This fundamental misconception leads to misunderstandings, which lead to frustration. Frustration makes us vulnerable to being drawn into what, in my 2020 editorial, I called the “regulatory-industrial complex.” The “regulatory-industrial complex” rewards people for enabling and indulging risk aversion because, frankly, fearmongering pays and most of us need paychecks. In the United States alone, we're spending billions of dollars (USD) to remediate (and litigate) contaminated sites, with little evidence that these investments are paying off in reduced risk. Were I to indulge my cynicism, I might say that these expenditures are meant to fund careers rather than mitigate risk.</p><p>This problem is on track to get worse before it gets better. Remedial investigations at contaminated sites in the United States generally focus on Toxic and Priority Pollutants. The Toxic Chemicals list is found at 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 401, §401.15 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-N/part-401/section-401.15) and the Priority Pollutants list is found in Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 423 (https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-N/part-423/appendix-Appendix%20A%20to%20Part%20423). Both","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"1783-1786"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ieam.4995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies to assess natural resource recovery and evaluate monitoring methods for restored bottomland hardwood forests","authors":"Michael J. Hooper,&nbsp;Matthew A. Struckhoff,&nbsp;John P. Isanhart,&nbsp;Janice L. Albers,&nbsp;Keith W. Grabner,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Green,&nbsp;Bethany K. Kunz,&nbsp;M. Victoria McDonald,&nbsp;Benjamin M. West","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4996","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4996","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration process assesses natural resource injury due to oil or chemical spills and calculates the damages to compensate the public for those injuries. Ecological restoration provides a means for recovering resources injured or lost due to contamination from oil or chemical spills by restoring the injured site after remediation, or acquiring or reconstructing equivalent resources off site to replace those lost due to the spill. In the case of restored forests, once restoration is implemented, monitoring of forest ecology helps keep recovery on track, with the maturation of forest vegetation, recovered soil conditions, and development of microbial, fungal, and faunal communities, necessary for ecologically functioning forests. This series of papers focuses on applying methods for monitoring restoration progress in forest vegetation and soils, and amphibian, avian, and mammalian communities, assessing strengths and weaknesses of different methods, and evaluating levels of effort needed to obtain accurate indications of forest ecological condition. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:1912–1916. © 2024 The Author(s). <i>Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"1912-1916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ieam.4996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation community recovery on restored bottomland hardwood forests in northeast Indiana, USA","authors":"Matthew A. Struckhoff,&nbsp;Keith W. Grabner,&nbsp;Janice L. Albers,&nbsp;Michael J. Hooper","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4993","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4993","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetation communities in restored bottomland hardwood forests in northeast Indiana were studied 6–21 years after restoration to assess progress toward restoration objectives. The study focused on four sites that were restored to compensate for resource injuries after contaminant releases. The restored sites were compared with four reference-site conditions, including crops (prerestoration condition), old field communities representing a no-management alternative, locally sampled second-growth mature forests, and forest community types described by the US National Vegetation Classification (USNVC), which represent ideal or defining conditions of recognized vegetation communities. Fixed-area plots provided data on field-sampled environmental variables, vegetation, soil, and hydrological conditions for crops, old fields, restored areas, and mature forests. The USNVC database provided quantitative data for three historically and geographically relevant reference forest community types for comparison with the sampled communities. Results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling based on species cover revealed clear gradients relating to site age and canopy development. Along those gradients, restored areas demonstrated increasing similarity to mature forest reference communities in terms of floristic composition. Specifically, the floristic quality of restored areas was significantly greater than that of crops and old fields. Furthermore, soil health measurements of physical, chemical, and hydrological conditions indicated significant improvements in restored site soils compared with prerestoration conditions represented by cropland soils. Descriptions and data from the USNVC provided ecological context for restoration target conditions and facilitated the assessment of restoration recovery along a trajectory from starting conditions to those target conditions. Descriptions by USNVC also helped identify deviations from the intended restoration objectives (e.g., invasive species recruitment) and potential adaptive management actions to return sites to their intended trajectories. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:1917–1938. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. <i>Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry (SETAC).</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"1917-1938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ieam.4993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey effort and targeted landbird community metrics at Indiana lowland forest restoration sites","authors":"Benjamin M. West,&nbsp;Mark L. Wildhaber,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Green,&nbsp;John P. Isanhart,&nbsp;M. Victoria McDonald,&nbsp;Michael J. Hooper","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4992","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4992","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many sampling and analytical methods can estimate the abundance, distributions, and diversity of birds and other wildlife. However, challenges with sample size and analytical capacity can make these methods difficult to implement for resource-limited monitoring programs. To apprise efficient and attainable sampling designs for landbird monitoring programs with limited observational data, we used breeding season bird point survey data collected in 2016 at four forest restoration sites in Indiana, USA. We evaluated three subsets of observed species richness, total possibly breeding landbirds, Partners in Flight Regional Conservation Concern (PIF RCC) landbirds, and interior forest specialists (IFSs). Simulated surveys based on field data were used to conduct Bayesian Michaelis–Menten curve analyses estimating observed species as a function of sampling effort. On comparing simulated survey sets with multiple habitat types versus those with one habitat, we found that those with multiple habitat types had estimated 39%–83% greater observed PIF RCC species richness and required 41%–55% fewer visits per point to observe an equivalent proportion of PIF RCC species. Even with multiple habitats in a survey set, the number of visits per point required to detect 50% of observable species was 30% higher for PIF RCC species than for total breeding landbird species. Low detection rates of IFS species at two field sites made precise estimation of required effort to observe these species difficult. However, qualitatively, we found that only sites containing mature forest fragments had detections of several bird species designated as high-confidence IFS species. Our results suggest that deriving specialized species diversity metrics from point survey data can add value when interpreting those data. Additionally, designing studies to collect these metrics may require explicitly planning to visit multiple habitat types at a monitoring site and increasing the number of visits per survey point. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:1954–1968. © 2024 The Author(s). <i>Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry (SETAC). This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"1954-1968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ieam.4992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological assessment of waste foundry sands and the application of different classification systems","authors":"Carlotta Alias,&nbsp;Flavio Cioli,&nbsp;Alessandro Abbà,&nbsp;Donatella Feretti,&nbsp;Sabrina Sorlini","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4983","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4983","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The application of a battery of bioassays is widely recognized as a useful tool for assessing environmental hazard samples. However, the integration of different toxicity data is a key aspect of this assessment and remains a challenge. The evaluation of industrial waste leachates did not initially undergo any of the proposed integration procedures. This research addressed this knowledge gap. Twenty-five samples of waste foundry sands were subjected to a leaching test (UNI EN 12457-2) to evaluate waste recovery and landfill disposal. The leachates were evaluated using a battery of standardized toxicity bioassays composed of <i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i> (EN ISO 11348-3), <i>Daphnia magna</i> (UNI EN ISO 6341), and <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> (UNI EN ISO 8692), both undiluted and diluted. <i>Daphnia magna</i> and <i>P. subcapitata</i> were the most affected organisms, with significant effects caused by 68% and 64% of undiluted samples, respectively. The dilution of samples facilitates the calculation of EC50 values, which ranged from greater than the highest concentration tested to 2.5 g/L for <i>P. subcapitata</i>. The data on single-organism toxicity were integrated using three methods: the Toxicity Classification System, the toxicity test battery integrated index, and the EcoScore system. The three classifications were strongly similar. According to all applied systems, three samples were clearly nontoxic (from iron casting plants) and two were highly toxic (from steel casting plants). Moreover, the similar ranking between undiluted and diluted leachates suggests the possibility of using only undiluted leachates for a more cost-effective and time-efficient screening of waste materials. The findings of this study highlight the usefulness of integrating ecotoxicological waste assessment. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:2294–2311. © 2024 The Author(s). <i>Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry (SETAC).</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"2294-2311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ieam.4983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of air pollution removal by urban trees based on the i-Tree Eco Model: The case of Tehran, Iran","authors":"Reihaneh Rasoolzadeh,&nbsp;Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan,&nbsp;Hassan Esmaeilzadeh,&nbsp;Yousef Rashidi,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4990","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4990","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Air quality concerns have become increasingly serious in metropolises such as Tehran (Iran) in recent years. This study aims to assess the contribution of urban trees in Tehran toward mitigating air pollution and to evaluate the economic value of this ecosystem service using the i-Tree Eco model. To accomplish this objective, we utilized Tehran's original land use map, identifying five distinct land use categories: commercial and industrial, parks and urban forests, residential areas, roads and transportation, and urban services. Field data necessary for this analysis were collected from 316 designated plots, each with a radius of 11.3 m, and subsequently analyzed using the i-Tree Eco model. The locations of these plots were determined using the stratified sampling method. The results illustrate that Tehran's urban trees removed 1286.4 tons of pollutants in 2020. Specifically, the annual rates of air pollution removal were found to be 134.8 tons for CO; 299.7 tons for NO₂; 270.3 tons for O₃; 0.7 tons for PM_2.5; 489.4 tons for PM₁₀ (particulate matter with a diameter size between 2.5 and 10 µm); and 91.5 tons for SO₂, with an associated monetary value of US$1 536 619. However, despite this significant removal capacity, the impact remains relatively small compared with the total amount of pollution emitted in 2020, accounting for only 0.17%. This is attributed to the high emissions rate and low per capita green space in the city. These findings could serve as a foundation for future research and urban planning initiatives aimed at enhancing green spaces in urban areas, thereby promoting sustainable urban development. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:2142–2152. © 2024 SETAC</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"2142-2152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derivation of site-specific environmental quality guideline values for fuel-contaminated soils on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island","authors":"Catherine K. King,&nbsp;Jane Wasley,&nbsp;Jeremy Richardson","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4989","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4989","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accidental fuel spills associated with the storage, transfer, and use of diesel fuel for power generation have occurred on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island since the establishment of the island's research station in 1948. An extensive in situ remediation program was implemented by the Australian government from 2009 to 2016 that used nutrient addition and air sparging to enhance the microbial degradation of petroleum products. During this period, a range of ecotoxicological assessments were conducted to better understand the impacts of fuel in soils on native biota and their sensitivity. This study compiles this ecotoxicological data into a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) to establish environmental quality guideline values (EQGVs) for fuels in soils on Macquarie Island. The SSD model includes 13 critical effect concentrations (CECs) selected using an expert judgment approach. These include data from functional and community-based tests as well as traditional single-species toxicity tests using microbes, plants, and invertebrates and representing the range of carbon content (~3%–48%) and fuel composition at various stages of degradation (from fresh to 18 months aged) in soils as occurs at contaminated sites on the island. A protective concentration (PC80) of 97 mg/kg TPH C9–C40 (95% CI 24–283) was derived for special Antarctic blend diesel from the SSD and is recommended as an appropriate site-specific EQGV and potential remediation target for the immediate station area in the vicinity of infrastructure. More conservative PC values are also provided for areas with higher conservation values outside the station footprint. These EQGVs are the first to be produced for fuels in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions. They will be used to inform ongoing environmental management on Macquarie Island and are likely suitable and recommended for use more broadly across the sub-Antarctic. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:2334–2346. © 2024 Commonwealth of Australia. <i>Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</i> published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry (SETAC).</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"2334-2346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ieam.4989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142106959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What can laboratory studies tell us about potential effects of pesticides on nontarget arthropods populations and communities in the field?","authors":"Helen Thompson,&nbsp;Charlotte Elston","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4987","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4987","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past decades, concern has been increasing over reported declines in aboveground biodiversity on farmland. In many regions, data on the toxicity of pesticides to honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), but not wider nontarget arthropod (NTA) data, are required for pesticide registration. In Europe, the effects of pesticides on NTAs and honeybees have been the subject of regulatory risk assessment for more than 30 years, resulting in a large database. Although insecticides may be expected to affect NTA populations, solely identifying insecticidal modes of action for further NTA testing would result in redundancy among low-risk testing products and may also exclude other modes of action with potential effects in the field. This study assessed whether the honeybee acute risk assessment could provide any indication of the potential impact and recovery time of NTAs in cropped areas at the field scale and, if so, how it might be used in a tiered testing approach. The hazard quotients (HQs; foliar application rate/LR₅₀) were derived for 151 active substances (32% insecticides, 28% fungicides, 38% herbicides, 2% plant growth regulators) for which toxicity data for established EU Tier 1 NTA indicator species (<i>Typhlodromus pyri</i>, <i>Aphidius rhopalosiphi</i>) and application rate data were available. These HQs were compared with published NTA HQ thresholds indicating the time to recovery of NTA populations and communities in field studies (&gt;1 to &gt;12 months). Using the same application rate data, honeybee acute risk quotient (RQ) and HQ were also determined and compared with NTA HQs and honeybee regulatory thresholds. These comparisons demonstrated that, where required, the current regulatory honeybee acute RQ of 0.4 or honeybee HQ of 50 can provide an efficient screening tier to target NTA testing at those products and uses with potential effects in the field where recovery may exceed 12 months. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:2326–2333. © 2024 SETAC</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"2326-2333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfiber pollution: Assessment, emission estimation, and time-series-based forecast of microfibers from domestic washing machine laundering and mitigation measures","authors":"Riya Kumbukattu Alex,&nbsp;Thasnimol Mukalarkudy Muhammed,&nbsp;Madhuraj Palat Kannankai,&nbsp;Amal Radhakrishnan,&nbsp;Abhinab Borah,&nbsp;Abesh Reghuvaran,&nbsp;Suja Purushothaman Devipriya","doi":"10.1002/ieam.4985","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ieam.4985","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microfibers are thread-like structures shorter than 5 mm and have natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origins. These micropollutants are ubiquitous and are emerging in the environment, living organisms, and food sources. Textile laundering is a prominent source of microfibers, but limited research has been conducted on microfiber pollution from domestic washing machines in emerging economies such as India, where consumption and production rates are exorbitantly high. This study aimed to assess the abundance and size distribution of microfibers from the effluent of a semiautomatic domestic washing machine using three categories of “not-new” textiles: cotton, blended, and synthetic under “with” and “without” detergent conditions. Although most Indians still rely on hand washing, this study focused on washing machines due to their increasing use in India driven by improving socioeconomic factors. This study also developed annual emission estimation and forecasting models for India to understand pollution trends. The results revealed that microfibers were highly abundant in washing machine effluent, with a mean abundance of cotton, blended, and synthetic in “with detergent” conditions of 6476.67, 3766.67, and 8645/L, respectively, whereas in “without detergent,” it was lower. All identified microfibers were divided into five size classes. The study also found that powdered detergent increased the abundance and emission of tiny fibers. The overall annual emissions estimate was 1.23 × 10¹¹ microfibers, with cotton, synthetic, and blended categories accounting for 2.11 × 10¹⁰, 1.40 × 10¹⁰, and 6.15 × 10⁹ microfibers, respectively. Time-series-based future estimates (autoregressive integrated moving average [ARIMA] and error-trend-seasonality [ETS]) showed an alarming increase in microfiber emissions, with forecasted annual emission reaching 1.90 × 10¹¹ by 2030. Synthetic and cotton textiles are the most significant contributors to microfiber pollution. This study emphasized the urgent need to address the issue of microfiber pollution caused by washing machine laundering in developing countries, such as India, where sociodemographic factors intensify the problem. <i>Integr Environ Assess Manag</i> 2024;20:2116–2127. © 2024 SETAC</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":"20 6","pages":"2116-2127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}