Inflammopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Diverse role of S100 calcium-binding protein B in alzheimer's disease: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Sampriti Sarkar, Pratyush Porel, Sourabh Kosey, Khadga Raj Aran","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01697-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01697-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>S100 calcium-binding protein B, a member of the S100 protein family, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, progressive dementia, and severe neuroinflammation. S100 calcium-binding protein B, predominantly secreted by astrocytes, exhibits a dual role in Alzheimer's disease, where at low (nanomolar) concentrations, it exhibits neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects and enhances synaptic plasticity, while at higher concentrations, it contributes to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. In addition to its pathological roles in Alzheimer's disease, S100 calcium-binding protein B is also considered a potential biomarker, as increased levels correlate with cognitive decline and disease progression in cerebrospinal fluid. Targeting S100 calcium-binding protein B and/or its interaction with the receptor for advanced glycation end-products seems to be a potential target for therapeutic intervention. The development of multiple treatment approaches, such as pharmacological inhibitors, immunotherapy, and modulation of S100 calcium-binding protein B / receptor for advanced glycation end-products signalling pathways, might help to reduce neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta deposition effectively. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of S100 calcium-binding protein B in Alzheimer's disease and to explore its potential as a treatment target, well-grounded in its dual nature. Understanding S100 calcium-binding protein B's involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease may advance its application as a biomarker and help in the development of new treatment strategies, ultimately improving patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective efficacy of berberine and caffeine against rotenone-induced neuroinflammatory and oxidative disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease via inhibiting α-synuclein aggregation and boosting dopamine release.","authors":"Tasnim S Waheeb, Mohammad A Abdulkader, Doaa A Ghareeb, Mohamed E Moustafa","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01661-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01661-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor impairment, glial-mediated inflammation, redox imbalance, and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. Conventional therapies relieve early PD symptoms, but they do not repair dopaminergic neurons. Berberine (BBR) and caffeine (CAF), both natural alkaloids, exhibited neuroprotective effects in many neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, we hypothesized that the combination of BBR and CAF therapies would offer protection against PD-related impairments in the rotenone (ROT)-induced rat model when compared to the commercial drug, metformin (MTF). Our results showed that the combined administration of BBR (25 mg/kg/day) and CAF (2.5 mg/kg/day) for four weeks prevented motor deficits, weight reduction, dopamine (DA) depletion, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in ROT-induced rats in comparison with monotherapy of BBR and CAF along with MTF. This combination produced a notable neuroprotective effect by reducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-16 (IL-6) in midbrain of rats. BBR and CAF combinations markedly normalized tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels and decreased total α-syn and α-syn-p^ser129 aggregation and increased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) levels. Histological analysis indicated that damaged neurons exhibited significant amelioration with the co-administration of BBR and CAF. The molecular docking results indicated that both BBR and CAF had notable binding affinity for the protein pocket surrounding the α-syn, PP2A, and TH in comparison to MTF. They are predicted to serve as effective inhibitors of enzyme-mediated phosphorylation of α-syn-^pser129. Conclusively, combined BBR and CAF administration presents a novel strategy for neuroprotection by blocking the initial events in PD incidence, demonstrating considerable anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory benefits relative to MTF.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientin: a comprehensive review of a promising bioactive flavonoid.","authors":"Mohamed I Fahmy, Mohamed A Sadek, Kareem Abdou, Ahmed M El-Dessouki, Riham A El-Shiekh, Samar S Khalaf","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01690-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01690-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal herbs continue to play an important part in modern drugs and healthcare because customers think that most of them have fewer or milder side effects than traditional modern medicines. Bioactive compounds are typically isolated from plants before being used as a source of therapeutic medicines. As a result, extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants is an important step in developing plant-based medications. Orientin is a flavonoid C-glycoside found in many plants, is frequently used in bioactivity studies due to its numerous beneficial properties, which include antioxidants, antiaging, anti-inflammation, vasodilation and cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and adaptogenic effects. In this review, the comprehensive search for the health benefits of orientin was traced. The findings reflected that orientin could be considered one of the important natural candidates as a potential nutraceutical. This underscores its promising attributes and potential applications in health and wellness. Further research may be guaranteed to fully elucidate its benefits and mechanisms of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between glucocorticoids and long COVID.","authors":"Yan Zhao, Guangting Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01717-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10787-025-01717-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting TGF-β/VEGF/NF-κB inflammatory pathway using the Polyphenols of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench to enhance wound healing in a rat model.","authors":"Marwa I Ezzat, Mai M Abdelhafez, Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem, Shahira M Ezzat","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01681-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01681-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study explores the metabolic profiling and molecular wound-healing mechanisms of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) flowers aqueous (AE) and ethanol (EE) extracts in an excision wound-healing model. Metabolic profiling of the extracts was investigated using UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and molecular networking. Antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power). Carboxy methylcellulose gels of 5 and 10% of both aqueous (AE) and ethanol (EE) extracts were prepared. The wounds were explored macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. The UHPLC-ESI-TOF-MS method enabled the identification of 3 organic acids, 14 phenolic acids, 3 phenylethanoid glycosides, and 11 flavonoids from EP extracts. EE had significant antioxidant activity compared to AE. The EP treated wounds healed faster. The EE succeeded in improving healing properties and controlling the inflammatory response by reducing IL-6 and increasing IL-10 expression and enhancing angiogenesis and remodeling via increased NF-κB, TGF-β, VEGF, CD31 expression and α-SMA and collagen deposition. It is worth mentioning that the EE groups also showed improvement in the histopathological examination in a dose-dependent manner. The effectiveness of EE in wound-healing may be attributed to its higher content of polyphenols which also made the antioxidant potential of the EE and its capacity to donate electrons higher than that of AE. This study scientifically enables the understanding of the molecular mechanisms Echinacea purpurea extract in wound healing via modulating skin inflammatory response and indicates the potential usefulness of EP ethanol extract for wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic potentials of combined polyphenol-rich fractions from Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi leaves through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in Sprague Dawley rats model.","authors":"Bader Alsuwayt","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01686-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01686-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of the present study was to combine the ethanol extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi (ZMZS) and fractioned with different solvents of increasing polarity for evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials. The ethanolic extracts of leaves were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus, mixed in ratio (1:1 w/w) and then fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. In vitro antioxidant activity of all fractions was assessed using total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), 2,2-dipehnyl, 1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, reducing power and bleachability of β-carotene in Linoleic acid system assays. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest antioxidant activity in terms of the highest TPC (212.15 mg/g) and TFC (39.54 mg/g), better DPPH radical scavenging (IC_50, 4.82 µg/ml), reducing power and β-carotene bleachability. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (Rp-HPLC) was performed for the characterization of polyphenols in Ziziphus mauritiana and Ziziphus spina-christi extracts individually and ethyl acetate fraction of ZMZS. Results showed that EAF was enriched with phenolic acids, notable coumarin, gallic acid, salicylic acid and chlorogenic acid, whereas quercetin and kaempferol were the most abundant flavonoids. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of most potent ethyl acetate fraction was performed using a carrageenan-induced model and analgesic activity using hot plate method in male Sprague Dawley rats. Further, the suppression of inflammatory biomarkers and the oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Results indicate that EAF possesses significant anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesic properties at 500 mg/kg BW as evidenced by their ability to reduce paw edema, percentage inhibition and prolonged latency time and proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). The EAF also normalized the oxidative stress levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GP_X), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) when compared to the standard drug indomethacin. The present study concluded that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of combined ZMZS extract has remarkable antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic potentials possibly due to interactions of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging treatments for dermatologic diseases in infants, children, and adolescents: a systematic review of clinical trials on biologics and small molecule inhibitors.","authors":"Alireza Jafarzadeh, Elham Behrangi, Mina Khosravi, Saba Falakeh, Jasmine Khalilnejad Amiri, Azadeh Goodarzi","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01675-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01675-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent advancements in the treatment of paediatric dermatological conditions have emerged with the introduction of biologics and small molecule inhibitors (SMIs). These therapies target specific inflammatory pathways, which may enhance treatment outcomes for diseases like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and alopecia areata.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review seeks to assess the effectiveness and safety of biologics and SMIs for dermatologic conditions in children and adolescents, with an emphasis on randomised clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an extensive literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies included in the review were those that analysed systemic treatments using biologics and SMIs in subjects under 18 years of age. We extracted data on participant demographics, treatment regimens, effectiveness outcomes, adverse effects, and follow-up details. The risk of bias in the studies was determined using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From an initial pool of 1,454 studies, 49 articles fitting the inclusion criteria were identified, encompassing 6372 cases. The review found that biologics such as Dupilumab, along with investigational JAK inhibitors like Abrocitinib and Upadacitinib, exhibited considerable efficacy in treating various conditions, particularly atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Dupilumab specifically demonstrated significant improvements in both disease severity and quality of life. While most reported adverse events were mild to moderate, some serious adverse events were noted with certain treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biologics and SMIs show great promise as therapeutic options in paediatric dermatology, offering better efficacy compared to traditional treatments. Despite these encouraging findings, additional research is needed to verify their long-term safety, especially in relation to growth and development in younger patients. Future investigations should aim to include a broader range of patient demographics and dermatological conditions beyond those currently studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway: a key target for Metformin.","authors":"Yasamin Hosseini, Amirhossein Niknejad, Ayeh Sabbagh Kashani, Mahsa Gholami, Mahtab Roustaie, Mohammad Mohammadi, Saeideh Momtaz, Stephen L Atkin, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01702-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01702-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine rich Repeat and Pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is a signaling pathway that is involved in inflammatory cascades, cell survival and the immune response. NLRP3 is activated by cellular damage, oxidative stress, and other factors that stimulate the immune system. Stimulation of NLRP3 induces inflammatory reactions and the production of inflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory mediators are implicated in several diseases. Metformin (MET) is an anti-hyperglycemia agent that is extensively used in clinical practice worldwide due to its high efficiency, safety profile, and affordable price. MET is the only member of biguanide class that is used in clinical practice and a potent AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist with proven anti-inflammatory characteristics. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, MET is considered to be effective against diseases that have an inflammatory background, and the NLRP3 pathway is involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders. In this review, we have evaluated the evidence if MET can affect this pathway and its utility for future therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of zoledronic acid combined with calcium and calcitriol in the treatment of senile osteoporosis in elderly patients.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Yuan Tian, Xiaojun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01683-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01683-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effectiveness and safety of combining zoledronic acid with calcium supplements and calcitriol in treating primary osteoporosis in elderly patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-eight elderly patients with primary osteoporosis were recruited. They were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the CC group (calcium carbonate D3 tablets + calcitriol soft capsules) or the CCZ group (calcium carbonate D3 tablets + calcitriol soft capsules + zoledronic acid injection). The treatment duration was 1 year. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism markers, quality of life (QoL), clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions (ARs) were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCZ group showed increased BMD in the lumbar spine (L1~L4 segments), femoral neck, and hip after treatment relative to CC group. Serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, cross-linked type 1 collagen C-terminal peptide, and N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen decreased, while osteocalcin levels increased. The QoL Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis scores decreased (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). The clinical effective rates were 76.93% in the CC group and 92.31% in the CCZ group, with AR rates of 23.08% and 12.82%, respectively (P < 0.05 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Zoledronic acid treatment in elderly patients with primary osteoporosis demonstrates significant efficacy by increasing bone density, improving bone metabolism, enhancing QoL, and exhibiting high safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jasminum humile extract mitigates carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats by modulating inflammatory and antioxidant signalling pathways.","authors":"Mehreen Fatima, Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis, Mohd Adnan, Nawaf Alshammari, Abdel Moneim Elhadi Sulieman, Muhammad Rashid Khan","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01692-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01692-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Jasminum humile is widely used in traditional medicines to treat hard lumps, mouth inflammation, ringworms, and other infections. Leaf decoction of the plant is known to be effective in treating various skin conditions. In addition, root juice is traditionally utilized as a remedy for ringworm infections. Studies have reported that J. humile contains various antioxidant metabolites with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, J. humile chloroform extract (JHC) was investigated for anti-inflammatory effects against carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-performance liquid chromatography was used to examine phenolic compounds present in JHC. The in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema rat models, while indomethacin was referred to as positive control. Therapeutic properties of JHC were examined by assessing paw volumes, motility score, and inflammatory proteins in serum. The anti-inflammatory nature of JHC was further investigated by biochemical and hematological profiles along with genetic expression of inflammatory and antioxidant genes through qRT-PCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indomethacin at 10 mg/kg and JHC at 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses decreased the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) while upregulating the concentration of albumin and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Moreover, JHC administration reduced the expression levels of inflammatory markers, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) compared to the Carr-treated control. However, a significant rise was induced in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels after JHC treatment as compared to Carr-treated rats.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results showed significant anti-inflammatory potential of J. humile by increasing the activity levels of enzymatic antioxidants and lowering inflammatory markers. These results confirm the beneficial use of natural plants in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}