Inflammopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Natural therapy proposed for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).","authors":"Rana M Merghany, Rofida A Saleh, Ahmed A Hamed, Ahmed M El-Dessouki, Riham A El-Shiekh, Eman S Zaki, Amal M Mahfoz","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01790-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01790-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to have significant side effects, including retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and nephropathy. Most of these complications are caused by inadequate glycemic control or incorrect pathology management. In any event, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) appears to be the most common and painful consequence that many DM patients experience. As a result, this review aimed to gather the wide range of treatments used to manage DPN, beginning with the most traditional therapy and progressing to alternative approaches. Medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds have been widely used as natural medicines for various diseases, with little known adverse effects. This review emphasizes the role of medicinal plants and their naturally occurring bioactive components in combating this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farnesol alleviates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritic rat model and associated risk factors of atherosclerosis.","authors":"Isma Anwar, Ali Sharif, Mushtaq Ahmad, Maryam Shabbir, Bushra Akhtar","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01787-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01787-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preclinical study aims to evaluate the antiarthritic and therapeutic efficacy of farnesol in a model of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis. Farnesol was administered orally once daily for 15 days at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg in 5% DMSO. Methotrexate (MTX) at 0.75 mg/kg was used as a standard treatment, both alone and in combination with 200 mg/kg farnesol. Hematological tests, paw thickness, body weight, and antioxidative status were measured to assess the protective effects of farnesol. Farnesol significantly increased the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the non-enzymatic activity of glutathione (GSH). In addition, farnesol reduced tissue lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) synthetase activity, which was evident by the reduced levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and nitrite. Farnesol downregulated inflammatory markers, including dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH 1), cortistatin (CST), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that oral administration of farnesol, particularly in combination with MTX, effectively suppresses FCA-induced arthritis by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of comparative studies on emerging psoriasis treatments: comparing biologics with biologics, small molecule inhibitors with small molecule inhibitors, and biologics with small molecule inhibitors.","authors":"Seyed Iraj Azimi, Alireza Jafarzadeh, Azadeh Goodarzi","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01758-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01758-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition driven by immune dysregulation, significantly diminishing patients' quality of life. The advent of targeted biological therapies and small molecule inhibitors has transformed the treatment landscape for moderate-to-severe Psoriasis. Nevertheless, there remains a scarcity of comparative efficacy and safety data between these therapeutic classes, highlighting the need for a systematic review to evaluate their relative performance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review seeks to consolidate evidence from comparative studies that assess the effectiveness and safety of biologic agents and small molecule inhibitors in managing moderate-to-severe Psoriasis. The aim is to provide a well-founded, evidence-based perspective on the most effective therapeutic approaches by analysing their efficacy, safety profiles, and long-term treatment durability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;An extensive literature search was conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to identify randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing biologics and small molecule inhibitors. Inclusion criteria required that the RCTs be published in English, with full-text availability and a primary focus on treatment efficacy and safety outcomes. Studies were excluded if they were retrospective, observational, case reports, or non-English publications. Study selection and data extraction were carried out independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 22 head-to-head RCTs, encompassing over 50,000 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Biologic therapies targeting IL-17 (Secukinumab, Ixekizumab, Brodalumab), IL-23 (Guselkumab, Risankizumab, Tildrakizumab), and TNF-α (Adalimumab, Etanercept) exhibited superior efficacy compared to conventional systemic treatments. Secukinumab consistently surpassed Ustekinumab in achieving PASI 90 and PASI 100 responses. Guselkumab demonstrated sustained superiority over Adalimumab, yielding higher rates of skin clearance at Week 48. Similarly, Risankizumab delivered superior long-term PASI 90 responses when compared to Secukinumab. Among small molecule inhibitors, Deucravacitinib proved more effective than Apremilast in achieving PASI 75 and static Physician Global Assessment responses. Safety profiles were generally comparable across the treatment groups, although IL-17 inhibitors were associated with a higher incidence of Candida infections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review highlights the enhanced efficacy of IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors compared to TNF-α inhibitors, with IL-23-targeting agents demonstrating superior long-term disease control. Small molecule inhibitors, particularly Deucravacitinib, present a promising alternative as effective oral therapies. Although newer biologics offer improved treatment outcomes, further head-to-head trials comparing","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized controlled trial evaluating synbiotic supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Mohamed E Ramadan, Tarek M Mostafa, Azza A Ghali, Dalia R El-Afify","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01752-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01752-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Neuroinflammatory mechanisms have been closely related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis and could lead to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons with subsequent development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Targeting this pathway for the treatment of PD has sparked a lot of interest. Hence, this study investigates the therapeutic potential of a synbiotic supplement, in conjunction with L-dopa for the management of PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial enrolled 66 Parkinson's disease patients, who were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (n = 33) receiving standard L-dopa/carbidopa (100/25 mg) therapy three times daily for three months, and a synbiotic group (n = 33) receiving the same L-dopa/carbidopa regimen with two sachets of the synbiotic supplement daily for three months. The outcome measures included assessment of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and α-synuclein (α-Syn). Blood samples were collected from all patients for biomarker analysis in serum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three months after intervention, the synbiotic group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms compared to the control group evidenced by the change in the scores of each part of the MDS-UPDRS. Concurrently, the synbiotic group exhibited significantly lower serum levels of pro-inflammatory marker TNF-α and oxidative stress marker MDA, and significantly higher levels of the neuroprotective factor BDNF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Supplementing with synbiotics exhibits promising neuroprotective and therapeutic effects in the treatment of Parkinson's disease patients.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong></p><p><strong>Gov registration number: </strong>NCT05576818. Retrospectively registered in October 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the efficacy of plant-based nutraceuticals in managing diabetic neuropathy.","authors":"Samea Khan, Maria Markoulli, Amy T Tsoi, Mark Willcox","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01793-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01793-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications in patients with diabetes. Plant-derived natural products have been tested in animal models as agents to treat this complex condition. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the therapeutic potential of plant-based nutraceuticals used for managing diabetic neuropathy in rat models using a systematic literature review approach. The literature review was performed in November 2023 on two databases, PubMed and Scopus. Nerve conduction velocity and pain-related behaviors were considered primary outcome measures. For meta-analysis, a random effect model was selected with a mean difference at 95% confidence intervals to estimate the effect of plant-based nutraceuticals on the primary outcome measures. Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, with results indicating that plant extracts or isolated compounds significantly increased nerve conduction velocity and thermal and mechanical paw withdrawal latencies. Different mechanisms of action to reduce neuropathy symptoms have been proposed in these studies including a reduction in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. This study suggests that plant-based therapies are effective in the management of diabetes-induced peripheral neuropathy. However, more studies are required with a standard experimental design and reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating natural products with modern medicine in the treatment of gouty arthritis: a review.","authors":"Sherif S Abdel Mageed, Fatma Abdelhakim Mohamed, Marina Sobhy, Ahmed H Elosaily, Ahmed M El-Dessouki, Heba R Ghaiad, Mai A Abd-Elmawla, Mohamed I Fahmy, Mennat-Allah M Hassan, Riham A El-Shiekh, Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01784-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01784-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gout is an inflammatory form of arthritis caused by hyperuricemia, a condition in which uric acid levels in the body become excessively high. When this occurs, monosodium urate (MSU) crystals can accumulate in the joints, triggering intense pain, swelling, and inflammation. If left untreated, gout can lead to joint damage and other complications. Diet is a key factor in the development and management of gout since some meals may increase uric acid levels while others can help relieve symptoms. To reduce circulating urate levels, commonly used drugs include allopurinol and febuxostat. However, the intake of these medications is associated with undesirable side effects. As a result, the development of a novel active, safe anti-hyperuricaemic and anti-inflammatory medicine could be extremely beneficial in gout treatment. Natural products have become a source of new medications because of their high efficacy and low side effects, which are based on the presence of complex bioactive components. A rising number of researchers document that traditional medications can reduce serum urate levels. This article is intended to trace which herbal remedies could alleviate hyperuricemia, as well as their mechanism of actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paracetamol: the potential therapeutic pathways defining its clinical use.","authors":"Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Ali K Albuhadily, Eman M Abd El-Maksoud, Mustafa M Shokr, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Gaber El-Saber Batiha","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01779-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01779-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The non-narcotic analgesic paracetamol is used as both an antipyretic and an analgesic. For mild-to-moderate pain, paracetamol is utilized; however, because it has no anti-inflammatory effect, it is not as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) as to reduce pain. Even while paracetamol is widely used and safe, its exact mechanism is still unknown. It has been shown that in addition to the well-established cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways, paracetamol and its metabolites can also modify other signaling pain pathways. The COX enzyme is inhibited by paracetamol either directly or indirectly through the activation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) by its metabolite N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404). Furthermore, paracetamol increases serotonin release, decreases serotonin metabolism, or blocks serotonin reuptake to boost serotonin levels in the brain. A small number of animal studies have suggested that COX-3, a brain-expressed COX-1 variation, may have a therapeutic role in the way paracetamol works. However, the COX-3 pathway alone cannot account for paracetamol's potent analgesic, antinociceptive, and antipyretic properties. The possible molecular routes of paracetamol with regard to its clinical applications are therefore revised in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carica papaya in health and disease: a review of its bioactive compounds for treating various disease conditions, including anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities.","authors":"Md Khokon Miah Akanda, A H M Nazmul Hasan, Sanzia Mehjabin, G M Masud Parvez, Sabina Yasmin, Md Sayeed Akhtar, Saistha Anjum, Sumel Ashique, Rokeya Sulatana, Mohammad Yousuf Ansari","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01780-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01780-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants and their compounds are extensively utilized in various industries, including pharmacy, medicine, food, and cosmetics, making the papaya (Carica papaya) fruit tree economically vital in tropical and subtropical regions. This review provides detailed information on the traditional uses, nutritional content, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity of C. papaya. The authors conducted a comprehensive search using databases like Scopus, PubMed, Scilit, and Google Scholar to gather relevant articles on this title. Papaya extract is commonly used to treat various health issues, including inflammation and pain, hypertension, diabetes, dermatitis, asthma, and stomach problems due to its rich chemical compositions of flavonoids, steroids, sterol, and β-sitosterol. C. papaya extracts exhibit numerous properties anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anti-arthritic, analgesic, anti-fertility, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, antiviral, wound-healing, etc. in both laboratory and animal studies. C. papaya may contain new active compounds for treating various ailments, but toxicity, efficacy, and clinical trials are needed before its therapeutic use.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pharmaco-metabolomics study of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Boswellia sarca, and Acacia nilotica in acute allergic dermatitis.","authors":"Bassant M M Ibrahim, A F Yousuf, M M El-Shawwa, Mona A Mohammed","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01761-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01761-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute allergic contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by swollen, itchy lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the soothing and wound-healing effects of fixed and volatile oils of Boswellia sarca, as well as extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Acacia nilotica, on acute contact dermatitis in rats. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides in Acacia nilotica and, Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts, with Boswellia sarca showing a dominance of volatile oils. The study included a normal group and six acute allergic dermatitis groups induced by subcutaneous histamine injection. One group served as a positive control without treatment, while five groups were treated topically at inflamed sites with Boswellia sarca oils, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Acacia nilotica extracts, alongside betamethasone as a standard treatment. The effects were evaluated through inspection, serum levels of ICAM-1, LTB4, and ILβ-4, as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. GC/MS analysis identified Incensole acetate (50.12%) and Incensole (32.44%) as major compounds in BS fixed oil, with significant terpenoids and volatile components. Metabolomic profiling using LC-MS/MS highlighted diverse secondary metabolites in Acacia nilotica and, Glycyrrhiza glabra, including polyphenolic acids, flavonoids, and amino acids, showcasing their therapeutic potential. All topical treatments reduced ICAM-1 and LTB4 levels to varying degrees and exhibited better histopathological and immunohistochemical results compared to the untreated positive control group. Among the treatments, Boswellia oils and, Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts demonstrated the most effective soothing and curative effects on allergic dermatitis. Boswellia sarca oils and, Glycyrrhiza glabra extract showed the best soothing and curative effects against allergic dermatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract enhances gut-peripheral organ integrity after experimental ischemic stroke.","authors":"Solange de Souza Stork, Khiany Mathias, Fernanda Gava, Larissa Joaquim, David Dos Santos, Anita Dal Bó Tiscoski, Sandra Bonfante, Yasmin Ribeiro Strickert, Richard Simon Machado, Helena Mafra Martins, Jéssica Schaefer Chaves, Jaqueline Generoso, Lucineia Gainski Danielski, Amanda Della Giustina, Rahisa Scussel, Rafael Bitencourt, Josiel Mileno Mack, Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim, Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Ávila, Tatiana Barichello, Franciane Bobinski, Fabricia Petronilho","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01775-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01775-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the impact of full-spectrum Cannabis sativa extract (FSC) treatment on gut and peripheral organ protection after ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Main methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats were subjected to 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham surgery, and received FSC (15 or 30 mg/kg) or coconut oil by gavage at different time points post-MCAO. After 72 h, neurological score, infarct volume, blood cell count, thymus, spleen and adrenal gland size and weight, serum corticosterone, intestinal permeability, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral organs were assessed.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The results show a significant improvement in neurological deficits, suggesting the therapeutic potential of FSC in post-stroke recovery. Additionally, a reduction in body mass, a decrease in blood cells related to the immune response, and atrophy of lymphoid organs, lower corticosterone levels, and reduced intestinal permeability were observed. FSC treatment also demonstrated a crucial role in protecting against oxidative stress and post-stroke lung inflammation.</p><p><strong>Significance: </strong>The discovery of the positive impacts of FSC in this study represents an entry point for new explorations and perspectives within this field. With latent potential, these findings have the power to shape clinical research, especially in the realm of neurodegenerative diseases and innovative therapies. Therefore, the results highlight the promising role of FSC, paving the way for more effective and transformative clinical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}