Inflammopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic effect of formononetin in 6-OHDA induced Parkinson disease in rats.","authors":"Tanvi Dayanand Pingale, Girdhari Lal Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01709-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01709-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preclinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been developed using intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to induce neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction. Formononetin, a phytoestrogen with known anti-aging and anti-apoptotic properties, was investigated for its potential neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. In this study, the rats received a single i.c.v. injection of 6-OHDA and were then treated with formononetin at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg orally for 21 days. Motor coordination, grip strength, and gait were evaluated using the rotarod test, gait analysis, and pole test. Biochemical assessments measured oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH)], proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β), and brain monoamines [dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh)]. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess α-synuclein and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl2) protein expression. The results showed that formononetin significantly improved motor coordination, gait, and grip strength. It also enhanced antioxidant defenses by increasing SOD, catalase, and GSH activities, while reducing neuroinflammation by lowering IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 levels. Furthermore, formononetin alleviated DA depletion and reduced ACh levels, indicating its protective effect on dopaminergic neurons. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that formononetin decreased α-synuclein aggregation and upregulated BCl2 expression, highlighting its neuroprotective and antioxidative properties. In conclusion, formononetin, at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, exhibited significant neuroprotective effects in the 6-OHDA-induced PD rat model. By improving motor function, reducing oxidative stress, and attenuating neuroinflammation, formononetin holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ropivacaine effect on hemostasis and pain level in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a triple-blinded, randomized, clinical trial.","authors":"Majid Hosseini-Abrishami, Mozhgan Kazemian, Mohammad Javad Sedaghati, Mohammad Alipour, Melika Hoseinzade, Alireza Ghaffarian-Hosseini, Vahid Reza Askari","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01716-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01716-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This triple-blind, controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the effects of ropivacaine and lidocaine on hemodynamic factors, blood loss, opioid consumption, and postoperative pain in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two patients with Class III malocclusion scheduled for orthognathic surgery were included. The participants were randomly assigned to receive 0.5% ropivacaine or 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine for local anesthesia (n = 16). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at various time intervals, which included heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), intraoperative bleeding, opioid consumption, and postoperative pain intensity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The participants' mean age was 23.67 ± 4.56 years, and 75% were female. The groups were comparable in most measured outcomes. HR was significantly higher in the ropivacaine group at 30 and 60 min post-injection (P < 0.05). SpO₂ percentages were comparable between the groups, except at 15 min post-anesthesia, where the lidocaine group demonstrated a significantly higher SpO₂ (P = 0.029). Blood pressure, postoperative opioid consumption, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative pain levels showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this study, both 0.5% ropivacaine and lidocaine with epinephrine demonstrated comparable effects on hemodynamic stability, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain levels, and opioid consumption in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. These findings suggest that ropivacaine may serve as a safe and effective alternative to lidocaine for local anesthesia in orthognathic procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between PI3k/AKT signaling and caspase pathway in Alzheimer disease: mechanism and therapeutic implications.","authors":"Vandana Bhatia, Vir Vikram, Anjali Chandel, Aditya Rattan","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01715-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01715-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by cognitive impairment, neuronal loss, and synaptic dysfunction. The interplay between the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and the caspase-mediated apoptotic cascade plays a pivotal role in its progression. The signaling pathway responsible for neuronal survival also regulates synaptic plasticity and resistance to oxidative stress, whereas caspase activation accelerates neurodegeneration by triggering cell death and inflammation. Dysregulation of these pathways leads to amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, creating a negative feedback loop and accelerating disease progression. Emerging treatment methods that target PI3K/AKT activation and caspase inhibition have showed promise in preclinical models, preventing neuronal apoptosis while retaining cognitive function. This review investigates the molecular processes driving PI3K/AKT and caspase crosstalk, their significance in Alzheimer's disease, and prospective therapeutic strategies aiming at regulating these pathways to improve disease outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy, safety, and persistence of vedolizumab versus adalimumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhixin Chen, Huo Li, Zhongzhuan Li, Rong Ouyang, Shijiang Huang, Shufen Qin, Jing Qin, Jiean Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01710-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01710-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy, safety, and treatment persistence of vedolizumab and adalimumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through a comprehensive search of three databases up to September 2024, we calculated pooled effect estimates for binary outcomes using risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's I² and Q statistics, with a random-effects model applied when I² exceeded 50%, and a fixed-effects model used otherwise. For randomized trials, the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed nonrandomized trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 12 studies involving 4095 patients. The findings showed that vedolizumab had higher clinical remission and response rates compared to adalimumab (RR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.14-1.34, P < 0.01; RR: 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22, P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were observed in endoscopic remission between the two treatments (RR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.47-1.18, P = 0.21). Safety outcomes, based on adverse and serious adverse event rates, have no significant differences (RR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.41-1.12, P = 0.13; RR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.36-1.68, P = 0.53). Treatment persistence also showed no significant difference between vedolizumab and adalimumab (RR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.55-1.12, P = 0.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that vedolizumab may be more effective than adalimumab in alleviating symptoms and achieving clinical response. Importantly, this effectiveness is achieved without an increase in adverse events. No significant difference was found in treatment persistence. However, high heterogeneity may weaken the evidence, requiring further randomized trials for confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological modes of plant-derived compounds for targeting inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review on immunomodulatory perspective.","authors":"Laiba Nazakat, Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Summer, Fakiha Nazakat, Shehzeen Noor, Anfah Riaz","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01664-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01664-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation, synovial swelling, loss of articular structures, swelling, and pain. RA is a major cause of discomfort and disability worldwide, associated with infectious agents, genetic determinants, epigenetic factors, advancing age, obesity, and smoking. Although conventional therapies for RA alleviate the symptoms, but their long-term use is associated with significant side effects. This necessitates the urge to discover complementary and alternative medicine from natural products with minimum side effects.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this review, natural product's potential mechanism of action against RA has been documented in the setting of in-vivo, in-vitro and pre-clinical trials, which provides new treatment opportunities for RA patients. The bioefficacy of these natural product's bioactive compounds must be further studied to discover novel natural medications for RA with high selectivity, improved effectiveness, and economic replacement with minimum side effects.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>The current review article was designed systematically in chronological order. Plants and their phytochemicals are discussed in an order concerning their mode of action. All the mechanisms of action are depicted in diagrams which are thoroughly generated by the Chembiodraw to maintain the integrity of the work. Moreover, by incorporating the recent data with simple language which is not incorporated previously, we tried to provide a molecular insight to the readers of every level and ethnicity. Moreover, Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Science Direct databases were used to collect the data.</p><p><strong>Solution: </strong>Traditionally, various plant extracts and bioactive compounds are effectively used against RA, but their comprehensive pharmacological mechanistic actions are rarely discussed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to systematically review the efficacy and proposed mechanisms of action of different plants and their bioactive compounds including Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (celastrol and triptolide), Nigella sativa (thymoquinone), Zingiber officinale (shogaols, zingerone), Boswellia serrata (boswellic acids), Curcuma longa (curcumin), and Syzygium aromaticum (eugenol) against rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These plants have strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-arthritic effects in different study designs of rheumatoid arthritis with negligible side effects. Phytomedicines could revolutionize pharmacology as they act through alternative pathways hence seeming biocompatible.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic applications of natural products in the management of venous diseases: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Rasha E Mostafa, Dalia E Ali, Riham A El-Shiekh, Ahmed N El-Alfy, Mohamed S Abd El Hafeez, Ahmed M Reda, Nesrin M Fayek","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01688-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01688-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of venous diseases among adults is approximately 77% in females and 57% in males. These conditions are prevalent, progressive disorders that significantly affect individuals socially, physically, and psychologically, often resulting in various venous abnormalities that hinder effective blood circulation in the lower limbs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of venous diseases, focusing on their pathophysiology, symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and complications. The symptoms associated with venous diseases are diverse and can include pain, heaviness, swelling, ulcers, and skin changes. Risk factors such as age, obesity, hormonal influences, and genetic predispositions are discussed in relation to their contribution to disease progression. The therapeutic modalities for managing venous diseases are explored, with a particular emphasis on natural products in alleviating symptoms and improving vascular health. Natural compounds, i.e., flavonoids, play a vital role in the circulatory system, supporting blood vessels and promoting healthy blood flow, in addition to their vasoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet properties. Overall, the ongoing research efforts on the efficacy of natural products will significantly enhance the management of several venous diseases in the coming years.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Aster chinensis aerial parts metabolites in BALB/c mice model of Imiquimod-induced psoriasis skin inflammation.","authors":"Mai S Hendawy, Mona M Hashem, Ahmed A Zaki, Mostafa A Rabie, Nesrine S El Sayed, Riham Salah El Dine, Ali M El-Halawany","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01652-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01652-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using a bioassay-guided fractionation approach, the most potent anti-psoriatic components of Aster squamatus herb, Aster chinensis stalks, and Aster chinensis flowers, cultivated in Egypt, were identified and evaluated against Imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in female BALB/c mice and compared to standard drug, mometasone. The topical application of A. chinensis stalk methanolic extract exhibited the strongest anti-psoriatic effects against IMQ-induced psoriasis model, as evidenced by improvements in psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score, histopathological analysis, and spleen index. Further fractionation of A. chinensis stalk methanolic extract using petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol revealed that the methylene chloride fraction (MCF) was the most potent. Indeed, MCF significantly reduced the PASI score, alleviated histopathological changes, and restored spleen index. Mechanistically, MCF exerted its anti-psoriatic effects by suppressing inflammation, evidenced by decreased TLR-4 gene expression and lower levels of HMGB1 and NFκBp65 protein contents. Additionally, MCF reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-17 while mitigating oxidative stress through increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Notably, the efficacy of MCF was comparable to that of mometasone, with no significant differences observed. In parallel, the chemical profile of the MCF was analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS techniques in negative and positive ionization full scan modes. MCF of A. chinensis stalk could be used a potential therapeutic agent for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the neuroprotective potential of Ipomoea carnea ethanol extract via the modulation of tau and β-secretase pathways in AlCl₃-induced memory impairment in rats in relation to its phytochemical profiling.","authors":"Walaa A El-Kashak, Ahmed F Essa, Mohamed F Abdelhameed, Yasmine H Ahmed, Asmaa S Abd Elkarim, Mai M Elghonemy, Bassant M M Ibrahim, Ahmed H Gaara, Tahia K Mohamed, Abdelsamed I Elshamy","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01687-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01687-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread condition that affects adults and the community considerably. The causes are yet unknown, except from advanced age and genetic predisposition. Natural products provided advantageous advantages for managing AD due to their efficacy, safety, and accessibility. The memory boosting effects of chemically characterized Ipomoea carnea ethanol extract (IPC-EtOH) on behavioral, biochemical, histological, and molecular levels against cognitive impairment induced by AlCl₃ exposure in rats were assessed using donepezil as a reference drug. Behavioral tests (spontaneous alternation T-maze and open field test) and assays for GSK3β, CREB, FOXO1a, β-secretase, tau, oxidative stress biomarkers, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) were conducted. The chemical profiling of IPC-EtOH using UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS coupled with molecular networking revealed the identification of 83 bioactive metabolites, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids and cinnamic acid derivatives which previously undescribed from this species. AlCl₃ injection significantly elevated tau, β-secretase, GSSG, GSK-3β, and FOXO3a levels and down regulated CAT, SOD, and CREB, with strong COX-2 immunoexpression in the cortex and hippocampus compared to controls. Oral co-administration of donepezil or IPC-EtOH to AlCl₃-treated rats restored near-normal function in these brain regions, significantly attenuating spatial learning, memory, and locomotor impairments. These results suggest that IPC-EtOH could be a promising therapy for mitigating aluminum-induced neurotoxicity, though further studies are needed to elucidate its precise mechanisms of action. These outcomes emphasize I. carnea ethanol extract's potential as an appealing therapy for AD by demonstrating its neuroprotective and memory-enhancing properties in rats having AlCl₃-induced memory impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143614857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The action of injectable nanodispersion of Bixa orellana (Chronic-in®) on arthritis in diabetic rats: pharmacological and histopathological studies.","authors":"Lauana Gomes, Helison de Oliveira Carvalho, Gisele Rocha Lopes, Gabriel da Costa Furtado, Danna Emanuelle Santos Gonçalves, Nayara Nilcia Dias Colares, Adriana Maciel Ferreira, Crislany da Costa Furtado, Heitor Ribeiro da Silva, Abrahão Victor Tavares de L T Dos Santos, Aline Lopes do Nascimento, Tamiris Marques Lage, Irma Danielle Rodrigues Pedro, Thiago Afonso Teixeira, José Carlos Tavares Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01703-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01703-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic arthritis (DA) is a microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. The Amazon biome, rich in bioactive compounds, offers potential treatments; notably, Bixa orellana, which contains tocotrienol and geranylgeraniol, exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, particularly when formulated as a nanodispersion.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the pharmacological effects of an injectable nanodispersion of Bixa orellana, termed Chronic-in®, in diabetic Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Male Wistar rats were employed in the study, and DA was induced using an intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan and an intraplantar administration of Freund's complete adjuvant. The animals were divided into five groups (n = 5): CON (normal rats treated with saline solution IM), CHR SC (DA rats treated with Chronic-in SC daily), SS (DA rats treated with saline solution IM), IND (DA rats treated with indomethacin orally), and CHR IM (DA rats treated with Chronic-in IM every 3 days). Treatment outcomes were assessed through various parameters, including changes in paw edema, Arthritic Index (AI), performance in the open field and Rotarod tests, radiographic evaluations using the Eichenholtz classification, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of articular morphology, and hematological and biochemical assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant reductions in edema were observed in the CHR SC, CHR IM, and IND groups (p < 0.001) compared to the SSA group. The AI showed significant differences among the CON, CHR SC, and CHR IM groups. Enhanced exploratory behavior was noted in the open field test for the Chronic-in-treated groups, particularly with IM administration. The Rotarod test demonstrated marked differences between the Chronic-in-treated, CON and SS groups. Radiographic and SEM evaluations indicated fewer bone alterations in the CHR IM and SC groups compared to the SSA and IND groups, along with preservation of articular surfaces. Histological assessments revealed thickened synovial membranes and pannus formation in the SS and IND groups. In contrast, CHR IM and CHR SC groups exhibited minimal loss of proteoglycans akin to the CON group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with Chronic-in via both IM and SC routes effectively mitigated the inflammatory manifestations of diabetic neuropathic arthritis, demonstrating lower pain intensity during ambulation and protective effects against inflammation and joint integrity as evidenced in histological analyses. These findings suggest that Chronic-in represents a promising therapeutic option for diabetic arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease: signalling mechanisms and therapeutics strategies.","authors":"Mini Dahiya, Monu Yadav, Chetan Goyal, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01704-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01704-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterised by hallmark abnormalities such as amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Emerging evidence suggests that faulty insulin signalling contributes to these pathological features, impairing critical cellular and metabolic processes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to elucidate the role of insulin signalling in the central nervous system (CNS) under normal and pathological conditions and to explore therapeutic approaches targeting insulin pathways in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed studies highlighting the involvement of insulin-signalling pathways in neuronal health, with a particular focus on the key components-IRS, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β-predominantly expressed in cortical and hippocampal regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Insulin, an essential growth factor, regulates numerous cellular functions, including glucose metabolism, mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress response, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive processes. Altered phosphorylation of signalling molecules in insulin pathways contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation, and the formation of AD hallmarks. Indirect modulators such as NF-κB and caspases further exacerbate neuronal damage, linking impaired insulin signalling to neurodegeneration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Insulin signalling plays a crucial role in maintaining neuronal health and mitigating neurodegenerative processes. Targeting insulin pathways and associated molecules offers promising therapeutic avenues for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}