Indoor air最新文献

{"title":"Perceived Indoor Environmental Quality Across Dubai Homes: Demographic and Building Predictors Under Hot–Arid Conditions","authors":"Muna Ali,&nbsp;Bassam Abu-Hijleh","doi":"10.1155/ina/9640243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/9640243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is a critical determinant of comfort and health in residential buildings. However, existing research remains fragmented, with limited large-scale evidence addressing multiple IEQ domains and demographic diversity in residential contexts, particularly in hot–arid regions such as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Drawing on a large-scale household survey (<i>N</i> = 543 participants), the study adopts a multidomain approach integrating perceived thermal, lighting, acoustic, indoor air quality (IAQ) comfort, alongside odor perceptions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used to examine how building characteristics and sociodemographic factors influence perceived IEQ in Dubai residential buildings within a rapidly-urbanizing, hot–arid, and demographically diverse context. Findings showed elevated dissatisfaction linked with dust exposure and thermal extremes, reflecting environmental challenges typical of desert climates and mechanically cooled housing. PCA identified two latent IEQ constructs: a multisensory comfort component integrating thermal, lighting, and acoustic perceptions; and an IAQ component driven by pollutant exposure and olfactory sensitivity. MLR results showed that perceived IEQ differed according to demographic, health, and sociocultural characteristics: dust allergy and migraine were associated with higher frequencies of perceived discomfort across all IEQ domains; passive smoking was associated with increased thermal–lighting–acoustic discomfort and odor perception; whereas perceived IAQ dissatisfaction was additionally associated with older age and African nationality. Results also demonstrated significant associations with building-related factors, including ventilation systems, moisture-related issues, and material emissions: water leakage was significantly associated with higher discomfort across IEQ domains; new carpets were associated with increased odor perception and thermal–lighting–acoustic discomfort; whereas split HVAC systems were associated with odor perceptions, indicating ventilation limitations. This study provides new empirical evidence on demographic and building-related predictors of IEQ in hot–arid residential environments and supports the development of building design and operation strategies addressing occupant characteristics and indoor environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/9640243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Residential Environmental Quality and Subjective Sleep Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Mengying Han,&nbsp;Ming Sun,&nbsp;Wenhan Jia,&nbsp;Yuping Lu,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Suhang Song,&nbsp;Chong Zhang,&nbsp;Yanan Ma","doi":"10.1155/ina/1542821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/1542821","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the associations of participant-reported comprehensive outdoor and indoor residential environmental quality with subjective sleep disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study included 4358 adults in China. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess both overall environmental quality and subjective sleep disorders. The comprehensive environmental quality was assessed by the environmental composite quality index (ECQI), which included self-reported exposure to 13 common pollution sources: four indoor items forming the indoor environmental quality index (IEQI) and nine outdoor items forming the outdoor environmental quality index (OEQI). Subjective sleep disorders were assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between comprehensive environmental quality and subjective sleep disorders, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 4358 participants had a mean age of 36.98 years (SD: 5.24), and 27.47% (1197/4358) had subjective sleep disorders. Participants in the highest ECQI tertile had higher odds of subjective sleep disorders, for both the unweighted score (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07–1.46; <i>p</i>_trend = 0.004) and the weighted score (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.37; <i>p</i>_trend = 0.010). For the highest index category (≥ 2), the OR was 1.45 (95% CI: 1.08–1.94; <i>p</i>_trend = 0.030) for IEQI. Moreover, higher odds were also observed in participants reporting noise around the home (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14–1.56) or smoke-related irritation symptoms (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.21–1.76).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poorer participant-reported residential environmental quality was associated with higher odds of subjective sleep disorders, with an association observed for indoor environmental quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/1542821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Screening Stations: Transforming 20-Foot Shipping Containers for Contamination Control and Diverse Medical Needs","authors":"Chen-Yu Pan,&nbsp;Meng-Chu Hsieh,&nbsp;Yung-Hsien Huang,&nbsp;Hsieh-Chih Hsu","doi":"10.1155/ina/8884299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/8884299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the 21st century, the world has faced two major coronavirus threats. However, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak did not lead to sufficient reflection, resulting in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic surpassing SARS in scale. Many countries struggled to keep up with the rapid spread of the virus, leading to shortages of medical supplies and immense pressure on frontline healthcare workers, further highlighting the importance of medical resource classification. This study explores the adaptation of 20-foot shipping containers into frontline screening stations to effectively separate existing medical resources. It considers national standards for pressure differentials and air change per hour (ACH) in medical spaces (noting that specific regulations for screening stations are currently lacking) and analyzes key environmental factors affecting indoor conditions, including temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and power consumption. The results indicate that maintaining an ACH of 10 times (10 h⁻¹) and a pressure differential of 2.5 Pa (positive or negative pressure), along with good airtightness, can effectively sustain indoor environmental quality in screening stations. Additionally, incorporating external ventilation fans enhances the adaptability of these stations, ensuring their usability both during and beyond pandemic periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/8884299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor Air Protection Under Extreme Air Pollution Risk: Evidence From a Sandstorm in China","authors":"Bing Yan,&nbsp;Liankui Zhang","doi":"10.1155/ina/2274208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/2274208","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the face of increasing climate-related extreme events, understanding how individuals adapt to environmental shocks is critical for fostering climate-resilient development and protecting population health. This study investigates adaptive behavioral responses to extreme air pollution risk triggered by a severe sandstorm event in early 2021—China′s most intense sandstorm in a decade—which serves as an exogenous environmental hazard to examine indoor exposure avoidance and indoor air quality (IAQ) protection behaviors under climate-linked stress. Leveraging Baidu search data as a proxy for public demand for indoor air cleaning and IAQ-related information and a quasiexperimental difference-in-differences (DID) design, we identify a significant increase in public interest in indoor air protection via portable air cleaners (air purifiers) in affected regions, with search intensity rising by approximately 18% relative to unaffected areas. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that areas with historically cleaner environments and lower baseline air purifier sales experienced even more substantial increases (around 33% and 200%, respectively), suggesting systematic disparities in readiness for IAQ protection and adaptive capacity across regions. Our findings highlight how individuals engage in private indoor air protection actions in response to elevated outdoor-origin pollution episodes, often incurring additional economic costs. By combining high-frequency behavioral data with quasicausal evidence, this study provides new empirical insights into population-level IAQ risk response and indoor protection demand during extreme environmental hazards. It underscores the importance of timely IAQ risk communication and targeted support for indoor air protection, particularly in regions facing recurrent episodes of severe air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/2274208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148993951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined UVC and Far-Infrared Heating for Enhanced Disinfection of Multisurface Microbial Contamination in Residential Entrances","authors":"Yang Lv,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Wentao Wu,&nbsp;Wenjian Luo,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang,&nbsp;Changfeng Qu,&nbsp;Hui Hui,&nbsp;Yi Zheng,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Mu,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1155/ina/9354461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/9354461","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective disinfection of residential entrances is challenging because of the high variability in microbial contamination levels across different surfaces and the limitations of single-mode disinfection technologies. This study examined the characterization of surface microbial contamination in residential entrances and revealed the disinfection effectiveness of UVC (ultraviolet C) and far-infrared heating. The study used the average colony count on furniture surfaces to characterize the level of microbial contamination. This study first identified significant material-dependent differences, with mirrors (3.1 ± 0.18 CFU cm⁻²) and shoe cabinets (2.1 ± 0.10 CFU cm⁻²) being the most heavily contaminated. DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the predominant bacterial communities identified are Firmicutes (55.9%) and Proteobacteria (20.6%). This study then evaluated and compared the efficacy of two disinfection methods: 254 nm UVC radiation (4.04 W m⁻² at the sample surface) and far-infrared heating. Whereas UVC achieved 90% disinfection rapidly (12 s), and far-infrared heating required 5 min at 70°C to achieve complete inactivation of cultivable bacteria. Compared with UV treatment alone, the combined UVC and far-infrared treatment improves the microbial inactivation rate by 1.5%–5.8%. Notably, the highest enhanced efficacy of the combined treatment was observed when far-infrared heating preceded UV exposure. The combination of UVC with far-infrared heating (60°C) demonstrated a significant enhancement in disinfection efficacy across all tested materials, particularly on stainless steel and glass. The combined disinfection scheme significantly improved the LRV (log reduction value) of various materials in a short period, achieving an absolute increase of 0.7 to 5.1 log₁₀ units. This combined approach effectively overcame the location-dependent limitations of 254 nm UVC alone, ensuring robust pathogen inactivation even on less exposed surfaces. The findings provide preliminary evidence that combining UVC with far-infrared heating may offer a potential approach for disinfection in residential environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/9354461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampler-Induced Loss of Respiratory Virus Infectivity Revealed by Spiked Collection-Liquid Experiments","authors":"N. Thie,&nbsp;S. C. van Huizen,&nbsp;I. Janse,&nbsp;E. Duizer,&nbsp;G. Goderski,&nbsp;R. van Slooten,&nbsp;J. Kocken,&nbsp;L. C. Vermeulen","doi":"10.1155/ina/5068026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/5068026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the transmission risk of respiratory viruses in indoor environments requires reliable detection of infectious particles in air samples. However, mechanical stress during air sampling may reduce the survival of infectious virus, complicating accurate assessment. This study investigated the impact of air sampler-induced mechanical stress on the RNA recovery and infectivity of rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus using the Coriolis <i>μ</i> liquid impinger in an experimental setting with spiked collection liquids rather than aerosol or ambient air collection. Collection liquids were spiked with known virus concentrations and subjected to different airflow rates. Infectious virus titres and viral RNA copies were quantified by culture and PCR, respectively. Results demonstrated substantial reductions in culturable virus for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (up to 98.6% loss) at the tested airflow speeds, whereas rhinovirus changes were minimal and of limited biological significance. Viral RNA concentrations remained mostly unchanged throughout all airflow speeds for SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus, but were reduced for influenza A virus. These findings suggest that mechanical stress caused by an air sampling device can significantly decrease the recovery of infectious viruses, which could lead to underestimation of the presence of infectious virus. Our results emphasise the need to account for virus-specific stability and sampler-induced inactivation when interpreting data from air sampling studies and assessing airborne transmission risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/5068026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Partial Asbestos-Containing Building Material Removal Work and Recommendations for Improving Safety Management Systems","authors":"Yuan-Long Zhang,&nbsp;Young-Chan Kim,&nbsp;Hye-Kyoung Lee","doi":"10.1155/ina/4178616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/4178616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Asbestos-containing building materials (ACBMs) degrade over time, releasing harmful fibers that pose risks to nearby residents. ACBM removal is becoming prevalent owing to increasing regulatory requirements. The increasing removal of these materials necessitates safe and environmentally conscious practices for workers. Consequently, we undertook a detailed study of asbestos removal sites in Korea to evaluate compliance with relevant legal requirements. Unlike previous studies that have mainly focused on airborne asbestos concentration measurements or questionnaire-based assessments, this study links field-observed procedural failures to potential indoor air quality (IAQ) contamination pathways. D University in Gyeongju and K University in Daegu, South Korea, were selected for this study, focusing on regulatory adherence during various operational phases. The study uncovered critical issues, including a lack of sanitary facilities, incomplete work area isolation, failure to maintain negative pressure, poor waste disposal management, and inadequate asbestos concentration measurements. These findings suggest that IAQ protection during partial asbestos removal depends on integrated management of enclosure integrity, pressure differential, decontamination, waste pathways, location-specific air monitoring, and postremoval cleaning. The findings of the study provide valuable insights for improvements aimed at increasing the safety and effectiveness of asbestos removal practices. This Korean case study may contribute to the formulation of analogous practices and policies globally. This study provides a field-based conceptual basis for improving IAQ-oriented asbestos removal management beyond regulatory compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/4178616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impacts of Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells on Indoor Air Quality and Health Symptoms in Ontario, Canada: A Pilot Study","authors":"Jannie W. Leung,&nbsp;Gianni Micucci,&nbsp;Jiping Zhu,&nbsp;Jianjun Niu,&nbsp;Mary Kang,&nbsp;Élyse Caron-Beaudoin","doi":"10.1155/ina/8041546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/8041546","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abandoned oil and gas wells can leak pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air and water. Little is known about the impacts of abandoned wells on human health. This study examined relationships between exposure to abandoned wells, indoor VOCs, and acute health effects in southwestern Ontario, Canada as part of the MAPSH (monitoring Methane, Air Pollutants, Soil quality, and human Health near abandoned oil and gas wells) project.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Passive indoor air sampling was conducted in October 2024 (17 households) and February–March 2025 (15 households). Samples were analyzed for 13 VOCs detected from abandoned wells in previous research. Participants reported acute health symptoms experienced in the previous 6 months and during air sampling. Well exposure was estimated using inverse distance squared weighted (ID²W) for wells within 3 km of residences. Indoor VOC concentrations were compared with Canadian air quality guidelines and trends. Correlation between well exposure and indoor VOC concentrations was assessed using Spearman′s rank correlation. Associations between exposure to abandoned and actively producing wells, indoor VOCs, and symptoms were assessed using Fisher′s exact test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine VOCs had significant moderate to high correlation (<i>ρ</i> ≥ 0.5) with ID²W estimates for abandoned wells, which remained consistent across multiple sensitivity analyses. Of these nine VOCs, four were detected among all participants: heptane, <i>m</i>,<i>p</i>-xylene, <i>o</i>-xylene, and toluene. No consistent correlations were observed with actively producing wells. Associations between symptoms and exposure to abandoned wells and indoor VOCs were inconclusive, as the small sample limited the ability to detect an effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first study to quantify human exposure to VOCs with respect to abandoned wells estimated using ID²W. Although this small-scale pilot had several limitations, we identified nine VOCs of concern that merit further characterization and explored methods that could be scaled up and adapted to other contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/8041546","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Risks of Museum Indoor VOCs in China: Integrated Exposure Assessment, Toxicity Prioritization, and Toxicogenomic Mechanistic Exploration","authors":"Yi Fan,&nbsp;Hao Zhou,&nbsp;Anmei Shi,&nbsp;Yawen Zheng,&nbsp;Luyang Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Jia,&nbsp;Xueqiong He,&nbsp;Shaodan Huang,&nbsp;Shaoxiong Fu","doi":"10.1155/ina/7127685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/7127685","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Museums are low-ventilation environments where volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can accumulate, yet museum-specific evidence for health prioritization remains limited. We surveyed three representative museums in Beijing, Hubei, and Guangdong, with four predefined functional room types sampled with site-specific coverage over 5 consecutive days, and profiled 55 VOCs. Using a Toxicological Priority Index that integrated concentration, detection frequency, and toxicological benchmarks, we prioritized compounds and resolved site- and room-specific patterns. Aldehydes and ketones dominated total mass (&gt; 88%), whereas descriptive room-category profiles suggested relatively higher aromatic fractions in the sampled sample-preparation room and some task-intensive spaces. Prioritization consistently highlighted o-xylene, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, 1,2-dibromoethane, and benzene. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) estimates based on museum measurements indicated multiple exceedances of the commonly adopted 1 × 10⁻⁶ ILCR screening benchmark: six in Beijing, six in Guangdong, and seven in Hubei, with common signals from formaldehyde, benzene, and 1,2-dichloroethane. To provide contextual cumulative-risk scenarios, we combined measured museum ILCRs with province-matched residential ILCR estimates for overlapping VOCs and found scenario-based regional mean cumulative ILCRs above the benchmark. The museum-attributable fraction was substantial for several agents, including benzene and ethylbenzene in Beijing (84% and 77.2%), formaldehyde in Guangdong (27.1%), and benzene in Hubei (53%), indicating nonnegligible measured museum contributions to the contextual cumulative risk scenario. Network toxicology identified a hub of cancer-related genes centered on ribosome biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, offering mechanistic hypotheses for VOC-related carcinogenicity. This integrated framework links prioritization, occupational risk, and putative mechanisms to guide targeted ventilation, source control, and material selection in heritage environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/7127685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Fungal and Bacterial Bioaerosol Concentrations Across Diverse Building Types: A Framework Integrating Generalized Additive Models and Machine Learning","authors":"Jongwoo Hong,&nbsp;Dohyeong Kim,&nbsp;Jinseo Kim,&nbsp;Hyeonseo Kim,&nbsp;Sungchul Seo","doi":"10.1155/ina/6724151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/6724151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study analyzed 9377 indoor air samples from 27 multiuse facility types in South Korea to evaluate the nonlinear influence of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on bacterial and fungal concentrations. Although previous research often relied on linear correlations that failed to capture complex interactions, this study employed a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to identify the specific meteorological sensitivities of diverse building environments. Results revealed significant heterogeneity across facility types: fungal concentrations were predominantly sensitive to RH (16 facilities), whereas bacteria responded more frequently to temperature (seven facilities). Peak microbial “danger” levels were observed at approximately 55%–60% RH, confirming 60% as a critical threshold for indoor dampness and proliferation. Based on these responses, facilities were categorized into four sensitivity groups: Both, Relative humidity only, Temperature only, and None. A random forest model was applied to evaluate the predictive value of this categorization. Predictive performance significantly improved when the model focused on facilities with significant meteorological sensitivity, achieving F1-scores of 0.65 for bacteria and 0.75 for mold, compared with 0.53 for the unclassified datasets for both bacteria and mold. Conversely, facilities in the “None” category—those showing no significant meteorological response—suggest that nonmeteorological factors such as occupant activity and ventilation efficiency dominate microbial dynamics in those settings. These findings demonstrate that indoor microbial management must transition from universal standards toward facility-specific, climate-resilient strategies that account for unique building vulnerabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13529,"journal":{"name":"Indoor air","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/ina/6724151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}