Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of Extended Screening and Brief Intervention (X-SBI) on Substance Misuse and Related Outcomes in Correctional Settings.","authors":"Abhishek Ghosh, Renjith R Pillai, Jatina Vij, Pallab K Maulik, Nisha Bhanker, Urvashi Thakur, Ritu Rani, Debasish Basu","doi":"10.1177/02537176241313210","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241313210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Screening and brief intervention (SBI), effective in community health care, show inconsistent results in correctional settings (CS). We hypothesized that SBI needs adaptation for the incarcerated population. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extended SBI (X-SBI) for substance misuse in CS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A controlled trial was conducted in two federal CSs in India. X-SBI included coping skills training, risk behavior counseling, and acceptance-based stigma reduction, while the control group received screening, advice, and brief psychoeducation. Both groups received three sessions with 188 participants each, with a \"moderate risk\" of SUD. Measurements included the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), Timeline Follow-up for drug and alcohol use frequency, Overdose Risk Information, HIV risk-taking behavior scales, Self-reporting questionnaire, and Internalized Stigma of Substance Abuse scale. Follow-ups were done at three- and six months post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants were men. No initial differences in ASSIST scores or substance use frequencies were noted. ASSIST scores for all substances were significantly reduced at follow-ups. X-SBI showed better outcomes in reducing ASSIST scores for primary substances and illicit drugs, with small effect sizes (η² = .06-.10). Reductions in drug and alcohol use were noted in both groups, with X-SBI showing a greater decrease in illicit drug use at six months. X-SBI had higher transition rates to the \"action\" stage of motivation and significant declines in overdose and HIV risk behaviors, mental distress, and stigma scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating three-session X-SBI into CS may effectively address substance misuse.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trial Registry, India (Reference No. CTRI/2022/01/0391XX).</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241313210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Help-seeking Behavior for Mental Health Among Distressed Young Adults: A Path Analysis Model.","authors":"Prachi Sanghvi, Priyesh Chandrashekhar, Seema Mehrotra, Manoj Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1177/02537176241312975","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241312975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There seems to be a relationship between barriers of distress-perception and stigma to consult a mental health professional (MHP), help-seeking inclination from MHP, help negation, and encouragement from significant others (SO) to consult MHP in bringing about a change in help-seeking behavior. However, these have not been studied in tandem. This study aimed to explore the relationship between factors influencing help-seeking behavior among distressed, non-treatment-seeking young adults (D-NTS) for common mental health concerns following the <i>ReachOut</i> intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 109 D-NTS aged 20-35 engaged with <i>ReachOut</i> were recruited online using purposive and snowball sampling. <i>ReachOut</i> was aimed at enhancing professional help-seeking. Participants were assessed at baseline and one month post-intervention for help-seeking barriers, inclination, and encouragement from SO. Help-seeking behavior from MHP was evaluated at a two-month follow-up. Inferential statistics in the form of Spearman's rho correlation, logistic regression, and path analysis were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression analysis revealed a significant model (χ² = 34.53, <i>P</i> < .001) with an R² value of 0.52. Help-seeking inclination from MHP (B = 0.711, <i>P</i> = .037), help negation (B = -0.452, <i>P</i> = .039), and encouragement from SO to consult MHP (B = 1.942, <i>P</i> = .008) at post-assessment were significant predictors of help-seeking behavior, assessed at follow-up. The SEM hypothesized for path analysis with help-seeking behavior as the outcome was a good fit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Help-seeking decisions are complex processes influenced by an intricate interplay of internal and external factors. A comprehensive examination of these elements simultaneously provides valuable insights for tailoring interventions and strategies aimed at enhancing help-seeking behavior in D-NTS young adults.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The intervention trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN14504454).</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241312975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain-Specific Memory Impairments in Bipolar Mania: Insights from a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Mohit Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Khusboo, Masood Maqbool, Vinit Kumar Singh, Amit Kumar Soni","doi":"10.1177/02537176241312646","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241312646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive deficits in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), particularly during manic episodes, are well-documented. However, research on domain-specific memory impairments in bipolar mania is limited, especially in the Indian subcontinent. This study aimed to assess memory impairments in individuals with bipolar disorder using the Postgraduate Institute Memory (PGI-Memory) scale and to highlight domain-specific deficits compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center in North India. Twenty subjects diagnosed with bipolar mania and 20 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls between the ages of 18 and 40 were recruited. Memory functions were assessed using the PGI-Memory scale. Mental control and working memory were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups were matched in terms of age, sex, and education. Individuals with bipolar disorder demonstrated significant deficits in various memory domains, including immediate (<i>d</i> = 1.47), recent (<i>d</i> = 0.93), remote (<i>d</i> = 1.58), long-term (<i>d</i> = 2.37), and associative memory (similar pairs: <i>d</i> = 1.4, dissimilar pairs: <i>d</i> = 1.84,), as well as in visual reproduction (<i>d</i> = 2.3) and recognition tasks (<i>d</i> = 1.54). In contrast, their working memory performance was comparable to that of the control group. The largest deficits were observed in long-term memory, visual reproduction, and associative memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bipolar mania is associated with widespread memory impairments, particularly in long-term and associative memory, which may contribute to difficulties in emotional regulation and daily functioning. These findings emphasize the importance of considering memory impairments in the diagnosis and management of BPAD. Further studies are required to investigate the neurobiological foundations of these impairments and to develop specific interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241312646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Nurse-led Brief Intervention to Reduce the Risky Use of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Among Older Adults: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial from India.","authors":"Neeraj Mahendia, Jaison Joseph, Sidharth Arya, Rajeshwari Devi","doi":"10.1177/02537176241312264","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241312264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has witnessed a gradual increase in substance use among the elderly, driven by the country's aging population and evolving demographic trends. There remains a lack of scientific foundation regarding the efficacy of brief intervention among older adults in the context of low- and middle-income countries. The current study explored the effectiveness of nurse-led brief intervention to reduce risky substance use patterns among the elderly in the Indian context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study is a pilot randomized trial with assessments conducted before and after the intervention at 4-week intervals. The Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to detect changes in risky substance use, and the intervention was based on the ASSIST Brief Intervention Protocol. The study setting was a government-funded elderly citizen club, which was conveniently selected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 80 contacted participants, 60 subjects were enrolled, evenly divided between intervention and control groups. The mean age of the sample was 69.80 years (SD = 4.2). Although there was some difference in post-follow-up scores, we did not observe a significant benefit for the brief intervention in reducing risky substance use among the elderly in this setting (<i>P</i> > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated a reduction in risky substance use patterns among the elderly population in both the intervention and control groups. Future trials should adopt rigorous methodological approaches to provide robust clinical evidence for implementing similar interventions aimed at enhancing the well-being of elderly individuals in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241312264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Psychiatry Exposure: Shaping Student Perspectives and Career Interests.","authors":"Abhishet Varama","doi":"10.1177/02537176241312403","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241312403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241312403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Psychotherapy Research: The Critical Need for Detailed Reporting of Intervention Protocols.","authors":"Rebecca Suganthi Davidar, Divya Ballal","doi":"10.1177/02537176241313127","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241313127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241313127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11776034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study of the Length of Stay of Persons with Mental Illnesses and Revenue to a Government Tertiary Neuropsychiatric Hospital Under Ayushman Bharat.","authors":"Deepa Ps, Hareesh Angothu, Sivakumar Thanapal, Krishna Prasad M","doi":"10.1177/02537176241301092","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241301092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) is a health insurance scheme launched by the Government of India (GOI) in 2018 to cover the in-patient (IP) treatment expenditures, including mental illness treatment expenditures, for 500 million Indians. AB-PMJAY pays 100% of treatment expenditures for persons below the poverty line (BPL) and 30% for people above the poverty line (APL). Ayushman Bharat Arogya Karnataka (ABAK) trust implements this scheme in Karnataka, a southern Indian state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of persons with mental illness (PMI) admitted under AB-PMJAY at a tertiary care neuropsychiatric hospital between 2018 and 2021 was analyzed to understand the socio-demographic and clinical variables, the average length of stay (LOS), and the amount claimed by the hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median LOS for PMI with any clinical diagnoses was 18 days (range 2-145),14 for those with substance use or mood disorders, and 24 days for those with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The hospital claimed an amount of Indian Rupees (INR) 15,291,349 for treating 868 PMI under AB-PMJAY.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The minimum and maximum LOS varied 70-fold, and there was a significant difference between different PMIs based on their clinical diagnosis. ABAK paid ₹3,488-12,750 per PMI for their treatment. Further research is needed to determine the variables influencing the LOS and the cost to the implementing agency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241301092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, Psychological, and Functional Health Determinants of Depressive Symptoms Among the Elderly in India: Evaluation of Classification Performance of XGBoost Models.","authors":"Aswathy Pv, Abhishek Verma, Balasankar Jm, Aratrika Roy, K P Junaid","doi":"10.1177/02537176241311196","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241311196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression among the elderly is a growing public health concern, especially in India. This study aimed to investigate the predictive validity of physiological, psychological, and functional health factors in classifying the level of depressive symptoms among the elderly using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) technique. Additionally, we compared the performance of models trained on original and resampled data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is entirely based on secondary data analysis of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India wave 1 data. We classified the observations into \"high depressive symptom\" and \"low/no depressive symptom\" groups based on the predictors, including physiological, psychological, and functional health factors, along with socio-demographic factors. We developed three models (Models 1, 2, and 3) trained on original, over-sampled, and under-sampled data, respectively. Model performance was evaluated using the metrics of balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 26,065 individuals aged 60 and above. Model 3, trained on under-sampled data, demonstrated the best overall performance. It achieved a balanced accuracy of 64%, with a sensitivity of 62.8% and specificity of 65.2%. The AUC for Model 3 was 0.692. Feature importance analysis revealed that life satisfaction, instrumental activities of daily living, mobility, caste, and monthly per capita expenditure quintiles were among the most influential factors in predicting the level of depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The XGBoost models demonstrate promise in predicting depressive symptoms among the elderly. These findings suggest that machine learning models can be envisaged for early detection and management of depression, especially in primary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241311196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11765308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental Autoerotic Deaths and Mental Disorder: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Devendra Singh Basera, Niranjan Sahoo, Roshan Sutar, Amit Agrawal","doi":"10.1177/02537176241310798","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241310798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Accidental autoerotic death, more commonly known as \"autoerotic asphyxia,\" is an extreme paraphilic behavior wherein individuals induce cerebral hypoxia during self-stimulated sexual activities, often by constricting the neck or obstructing respiratory passages. Data on accidental deaths caused by autoerotic play is very low because of the non-disclosure of the mode/circumstances of death or non-paralleled forensic systems in many countries. There is a high likelihood of coexisting mental disorders with such behavior. This review identifies the association of any comorbid mental disorder with accidental autoerotic deaths.</p><p><strong>Collection and analysis of data: </strong>On August 23, 2023, a systematic literature search was carried out through Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS, and studies identified in the English language were screened using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Eighteen studies identified specific mental disorders with autoerotic deaths, including paraphilia, vaginismus, gender dysphoria, multiplex paraphilia, alcohol dependence, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and substance use disorder. Inhalant use like chloroform, toluene, and xylene was implicated during autoerotic fantasies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prospective clinical screening and comprehensive multicentric psychological autopsy studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of accidental autoerotic death and related mental health conditions in the future. Given the possibility of accidental death, it remains to be seen whether paraphilia involving a single harmful event could be classified as a specifier within the impulsive-compulsive-reward spectrum, similar to how newer diagnostic systems address substance use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241310798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on \"How Sensitive Are the Free AI-detector Tools in Detecting AI-generated Texts? A Comparison of Popular AI-detector Tools\".","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1177/02537176241312258","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241312258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241312258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}