Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"A Reconsideration of Small Sample Studies and Absence of Equipoise as Ethical Issues in Research.","authors":"Chittaranjan Andrade","doi":"10.1177/02537176241310814","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241310814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In studies such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), ethical requirements, inter alia, are that the study should be powered to detect the smallest clinically significant difference between treatments, and that the treatment groups should be in equipoise at the start of the trial. This article provides examples of circumstances where small sample, potentially underpowered studies may be justifiable, and where RCTs of treatments that are not in equipoise may be considered appropriate. The concepts presented may be extendable from RCTs to other study designs, as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"187-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underutilization of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): A Call for Urgent Attention.","authors":"Jagadisha Thirthalli","doi":"10.1177/02537176251317677","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251317677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"103-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A National Epidemiologic Mixed-methods Study on Depression, Anxiety, Substance Use, Treatment Needs and Barriers and Facilitators to Treatment Among Medical Students.","authors":"Julio Torales, Anthon Torres, Martín Sánchez, Marcelo O'Higgins, Diego Amarilla, Andrew Molodynski, Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez, Antonio Ventriglio, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Iván Barrios, Red de Estudiantes Investigadores En Neurociencias","doi":"10.1177/02537176251316798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02537176251316798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on the mental health of medical students enrolled in Paraguayan universities has mainly examined the prevalence of anxiety and depression, with limited exploration of treatment access, barriers, and facilitators. Additionally, substance use, such as alcohol and other substances, is of significant concern because of its association with mental health issues. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, as well as to identify barriers and facilitators influencing medical students' access to mental health and substance use treatment in the Republic of Paraguay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A national mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted with 532 medical students from public and private universities across the Republic of Paraguay. Data were collected via an online survey in 2024 using validated tools to measure mental health conditions, including alcohol and other substance use. Qualitative responses regarding barriers to and facilitators of treatment were categorized and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed high rates of anxiety (76.8%) and depression (39.3%). Substance use was also concerning, with 11.1% reporting alcohol-related problems and 1.9% reporting other substance-related problems. Barriers to seeking treatment included confidentiality concerns, stigma, and financial constraints, while facilitators included trust in the mental health system, emotional distress, and accessibility. Despite the availability of these services, many students felt unsupported by their universities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Paraguayan universities must urgently address the stigma surrounding mental health and substance use, improve service accessibility, and build trust in the academic environment. Tackling these issues is crucial for safeguarding medical students' mental health and future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251316798"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) Among Indian Youth.","authors":"Mahendra Kumar, Yanjana, Mahesh Kumar, Anisha Rajan","doi":"10.1177/02537176251315988","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251315988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) is widely used to assess positive (PA) and negative affect (NA). Despite its extensive global validation, its psychometric properties remain unexamined among the Indian youth population (IYP). This study aims to evaluate the structural validity, reliability (internal consistency), and criterion validity of the PANAS among IYP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 660 students (57.4% females, mean age 16.25 ± 2.79 years) from 10 educational institutions across five cities in [State name], India. Participants were selected using random sampling. They underwent a comprehensive assessment, including face-to-face semi-structured interviews using the PANAS, anxiety measures, depressive measures, and happiness measures. The SPSS (version 16) and JASP (version 0.14.1) software were used for reliability, validity, and factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a two-independent-factor structure with satisfactory fitness indices (goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.07; standardized root mean square residual = 0.06). The PANAS factor loads ranged from 0.44 to 0.73. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.85 for PA and 0.83 for NA. Analyses showed adequate criterion validity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrate adequate structural validity, internal consistency, and criterion validity of the PANAS, confirming its suitability for assessing effect in IYP. However, some indices in CFA suggest further refinement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251315988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11847315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver Strain in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Alka Chandrakar, Selvaraj M Karthik, Sathianathan R, Udayakumar N, Natrajan S","doi":"10.1177/02537176251316358","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251316358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders observed in children, which causes significant caregiver burden in terms of psychological, emotional, physical, and financial status. The current study correlates the severity and subtypes of ADHD with caregiver strain in children with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study in which 40 caregivers of children with ADHD were assessed using a semi-structured proforma, Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (CSQ), and Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale (VADPRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean global score of caregiver strain in this study was suggestive of moderate caregiver burden. The combined subtype of ADHD was the most common (42.5%) and had the greatest mean score of severity in this study, but it caused the least caregiver burden (<i>P</i> < .05). The inattentive subtype of ADHD was causing the greatest caregiver strain in all the domains of strain (objective, subjective externalized, and subjective internalized) [<i>P</i> < .05]. Most of the children had co-morbid psychiatric conditions (67.5%), of which oppositional defiant disorder was the commonest (60%) and caused significant caregiver strain in all the domains (<i>P</i> value even up to <.01 and <.001 for some domains).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The severity of caregiver burden is influenced by the subtype of ADHD and the existence of co-morbid psychiatric conditions. Applying such findings in routine clinical practice can be more helpful for improving the overall well-being of the child and the caregiver.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251316358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Non-specific Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict Recovery in Acute Transient Psychotic Disorder? A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Jaya Prakash, Sujita Kumar Kar, Wahid Ali, Pronob Kumar Dalal","doi":"10.1177/02537176251317648","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251317648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. This study aimed to measure the inflammatory marker (serum prolactin, serum cortisol, C-reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total leucocyte count, and differential leucocyte count) in drug naïve patients of the first episode of acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD) at baseline and their alterations after three months of antipsychotic treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study estimated the change of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with ATPD over three months, along with the change in psychopathology and global functioning. Attempts were taken to compare the trend of change in inflammatory biomarkers with clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 157 patients with ATPD were screened to recruit 78 patients, of which only 33 patients were followed up till three months from the point of recruitment. More than three-fourths of the patients improved significantly during the brief follow-up period. Patients who improved substantially with antipsychotic drug treatment had a significantly lower age and age at the onset of psychiatric illness. The patients who improved also had a significant reduction in total leucocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio from baseline to three-month follow-up. Duration of untreated illness had a significant positive correlation (<i>P</i> = .042; <i>r</i> = 0.401) with the ESR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inflammatory biomarkers are raised in drug naïve patients with ATPD, which improves with antipsychotic drug treatment, indicating a possible role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of ATPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251317648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Outcome Study of Brief Cognitive Therapy for Management of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: An Open-label Trial Protocol.","authors":"Swarnalakshmi S, Munivenkatappa Manjula, Venkata Senthil Kumar Reddi","doi":"10.1177/02537176251315390","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251315390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are a major concern in India, but there is limited research on effective interventions. Cognitive Therapy for Suicidal Patients (CT-SP) has shown promise, but its implementation in India needs further investigation.</p><p><strong>Novelty: </strong>This study adopts a transdiagnostic approach to suicidality, recognizing the strong link between various mental health conditions and STBs. The study aims to use an evidence-based intervention for acute suicidal risk and understand its outcomes in the Indian context using systematic implementation. The blended delivery format of the intervention (both in-person and online) further enhances its relevance for diverse clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to assess the effectiveness of a brief CT-SP intervention in reducing the severity of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Secondary objectives include evaluating changes in emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, hopelessness, depression, anxiety, problem-solving skills, frequency of dysfunctional cognitions, and overall functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study will use an open-label, single-group design with baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up assessments at one, three, and six months. Patients with recent suicidal ideation or behaviors will be recruited across diagnoses. The intervention consists of a ten-session CT-SP protocol delivered in a blended format over five weeks.</p><p><strong>Expected outcome: </strong>The study would contribute to the empirical understanding of suicide risk management in clinical settings and inform the development of culturally relevant interventions specific to the Indian context.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251315390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Psychiatric Clinical Rating Scales in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Descriptive Study in a Naturalistic Setting.","authors":"Pranesh Ram Ranganathan, Sureshkumar Ramasamy","doi":"10.1177/02537176241310942","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241310942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the importance of clinical rating scales in psychiatric evaluation and their academic relevance, this study assessed the extent to which they were utilized in a tertiary care teaching hospital during patients' hospital stays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We did a consecutive sampling of patients' records and retrieved data from medical records of the patients admitted with the diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), and depressive disorder in the psychiatry wards. Data regarding the use of clinical rating scales (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), or Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)) each week was collected and analyzed accordingly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 50 case records retrieved, the majority (60%) were male. The sample mean age was 37.76 ± 12.78 years. Forty percent of the sample records had schizophrenia, 38% had BPAD-mania, and 22% had depressive disorders. The sample had an average inpatient hospital stay of 17.68 ± 8.25 days. At baseline, only 54% were administered respective clinical rating scales. At the end of the first week, 42% were assessed using clinical rating scales. At the end of the second and third weeks, only 35.9.1% and 13.3% of patients were monitored by rating scales, and the utilization rate declined further, with a downward slump in subsequent weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Utilization of clinical rating scales was found to be low in our tertiary care teaching hospital. Postgraduate trainees need more exposure and formal training in applying psychiatric rating scales for better patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241310942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Functioning Strengths: Reimagining Personality Strengths in Mental Health.","authors":"Shikha Ahuja, Gitanjali Narayanan, Pratima Murthy","doi":"10.1177/02537176241309033","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176241309033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176241309033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on \"A Thematic Analysis of the Significance of Peace Education in Managing Aggression in Adolescents\".","authors":"Mirza Jahanzeb Beg","doi":"10.1177/02537176251317159","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251317159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251317159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}