Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Lights, Camera, Stigma? Bollywood's Depiction of Mental Health Professionals: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Deepti Dilip Moar, Rajat Kanti Mitra, Sunil Mittal","doi":"10.1177/02537176251414905","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251414905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Bollywood (Hindi cinema) is a powerful global medium that shapes public attitudes toward mental healthcare. This scoping review systematically maps and characterizes the portrayal of mental health professionals (MHPs) in contemporary Bollywood films to identify dominant stereotypes, representational patterns, and potential gaps in representation.</p><p><strong>Collection and analysis of data: </strong>A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A systematic search of online databases identified Hindi-language films released between 2011 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were applied to select films featuring MHP characters. Data from each portrayal were systematically charted to analyze demographics, professional competence, ethics, and narrative function. Thirty-five films featured 42 distinct MHP portrayals. The findings revealed a consistent pattern of negative representation. MHPs were presented as minor, unnamed characters with ambiguous professional status. MHPs were frequently portrayed with clinical incompetence (>70%) and major ethical violations (>73%), with these harmful stereotypes appearing persistent over the decade. A culturally specific pattern emerged where supernatural narratives frequently invalidate MHP expertise. Psychotherapy, though depicted, was often caricatured or undermined, and treatment outcomes were typically ineffective. A significant gap was identified concerning the lack of nuanced or positive MHP role models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The systematic misrepresentation of MHPs in Bollywood portrayals risks reinforcing harmful stereotypes, trivializing professional care, and discouraging help-seeking in a country already facing a vast treatment gap. This review highlights an urgent need for the film industry to move beyond caricature and to create more accurate, ethical, and humanizing portrayals that can contribute positively to public mental health literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251414905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12830333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Series on Obsessive-compulsive Disorder in Twins: Phenotypic Divergence and Shared Therapeutic Challenges.","authors":"Ashvin Chouhan, Manju Rawat, Simran Sandhu","doi":"10.1177/02537176251414904","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251414904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251414904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12830350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Oral Ketamine in Patients with Depression and Suicidality: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Zaid Ahmad Wani, Rajnish Raj, Shabir Ahmad Dar, Inaamul Haq","doi":"10.1177/02537176251415001","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251415001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a significant global health issue, often accompanied by suicidality, which requires urgent and effective interventions. Oral ketamine is emerging as a potential rapid-acting treatment, but data on its efficacy and tolerability remain limited, particularly in the Indian context. Thus, this retrospective study was conducted to assess the response to oral ketamine in patients with depression and suicidality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 41 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar depression (bipolar affective disorder [BPAD] depression), or who had suicidal ideation, all of whom were administered oral ketamine therapy at a tertiary care psychiatric institute in India. Depression severity and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation (MSSI), respectively, at baseline and after the third ketamine session. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed to explore their association with treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean reduction in HAMD and MSSI scores post-third ketamine session was 8.19 (<i>p</i> < .001) and 4.95 (<i>p</i> < .001), respectively, indicating significant improvements in both depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Common side effects included dizziness, nausea, and hypertension, and the least common was diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral ketamine appears to be an effective and well-tolerated option for rapidly reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in patients with MDD and BPAD depression. It can be used in outpatient settings to provide immediate benefit to patients. Future studies with robust, prospective designs are needed to determine optimal dosing, evaluate long-term safety, and establish sustained efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251415001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12830351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146051908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Requiem for Many Dreams? Comorbid Substance Use and Disruptive Behaviour Disorders in Adolescents.","authors":"Shahul Ameen","doi":"10.1177/02537176251414011","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251414011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents with substance use disorders often have co-morbid disruptive behaviour disorders, due to shared aetiology or bidirectional feedback. Such patients require a more nuanced assessment, as discussed in this editorial. Limited studies exist on the management of the comorbidity. Psychosocial interventions, especially those involving the family, are the most important.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Family Accommodation in OCD: A Sibling-focused Case Study.","authors":"Archana Gupta, Ajay Kumar, Ts Jaisoorya","doi":"10.1177/02537176251414576","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251414576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Family accommodation (FA) is prevalent in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). When patients refuse treatment, the impacts are more severe-with poorer clinical outcomes, greater FA, and more caregiver burden. In these cases, caregiver interventions are an essential clinical priority. However, clinical documentation of structured, culturally informed interventions for FA and caregiver burden for adults with OCD, in the absence of patient participation, remains limited. This case study describes an eight-session caregiver-focused intervention for a 26-year-old male experiencing burnout while accommodating his twin sister with OCD, who was refusing treatment. The intervention, grounded in cognitive-behavioral principles, targeted maladaptive caregiving patterns, reinforced boundary-setting, and facilitated shifts in caregiver behaviors and family routines. Post-intervention assessments indicated reductions in FA and emotional distress, with gains maintained at the one-month follow-up. This case highlights the feasibility and clinical utility of caregiver-directed approaches in adult OCD. It underscores the need for structured support for caregivers in collectivist cultures and suggests that even indirect interventions can disrupt symptom-maintaining cycles and promote systemic well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on Beyond Seizure Control: A Case Series on Levetiracetam Associated Psychiatric Manifestations.","authors":"Josef Finsterer","doi":"10.1177/02537176251412458","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251412458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251412458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Comorbidities and Sociodemographics of Patients Diagnosed with Pyromania Admitted to a Community Psychiatric Hospital in Bronx, New York: Retrospective Chart Review.","authors":"Narges Joshaghani, Vasudha Sharma, Gaurav Taneja, Laura Daniela Jiménez-Parrado, Riley Hartnett, Souparno Mitra, Sasidhar Gunturu","doi":"10.1177/02537176251408142","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251408142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pyromania is an impulse-control disorder characterized by repeated, deliberate fire-setting accompanied by increasing tension and followed by a sense of immediate gratification afterwards, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR). Although rare, pyromania carries significant medicolegal consequences and occurs in the lifetime of approximately 3%-6% of psychiatric inpatients. This study evaluates socio-demographic characteristics, substance use patterns, and psychiatric comorbidities among individuals diagnosed with pyromania at a community hospital in the Bronx, New York.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included patients aged 9 years or older admitted to the psychiatric center between December 2013 and 2023. Twelve individuals met the inclusion criteria and were diagnosed with pyromania based on clinical assessment documented in the electronic medical record. Extracted data included demographic characteristics, socioeconomic variables, substance use history, and co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Included patients ranged in age from 9 to 59 years (mean 28.58 ± 16.21), and 75% were male. Most were US-born (83.33%), with 66.67% identifying as African American and 33.33% as Hispanic. All adults were single and unemployed. Psychotic disorders, primarily schizophrenia, were present in 58.33% of the sample, and 58.33% also had substance use disorders. Among youth, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder were common, while no adult met criteria for antisocial personality disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pyromania frequently co-occurred with psychiatric comorbidities, especially psychotic disorders and substance use. Although the overall prevalence is low, this disorder carries notable clinical and legal implications, underscoring the importance of targeted assessment and intervention in urban mental health settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observational study to describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with pyromania in New York, USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"425-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMP9 Genetic Variants in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Its Relation with Cognitive Dysfunction and Suicide Attempt.","authors":"Neha Keshri, Hanumanthappa Nandeesha, Vikas Menon, Medha Rajappa","doi":"10.1177/02537176251409364","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251409364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study was designed to investigate the MMP9 genetic variants (rs20544 and rs17576) and plasma MMP9 in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their relation with cognition and suicide attempt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study comprises 216 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 216 age-matched controls. MMP-9 genetic variants were genotyped using a TaqMan Allelic Discrimination assay in schizophrenia and controls. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) scores were used to evaluate cognitive status. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Columbia suicide severity rating (CSSR) scores. The genetic data were analyzed using the <i>χ</i> ² test, and plasma MMP-9 levels were compared across schizophrenia genotypes using the Kruskal-Wallis test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GG variant (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.182-3.38, <i>p</i> = .007), AG variant (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.101-2.823, <i>p</i> = .01) and G allele (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11-1.90, <i>p</i> = .004) of rs17576 showed higher frequency in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. The CC genotype variant (OR: 0.4916, 95% CI: 0.2723-0.8874, <i>p</i> = .01) and the C allele (OR: 0.776, 95% CI: 0.580-1.021, <i>p</i> = .04) of rs20544 showed lower frequencies in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. Plasma MMP9 levels were higher in TT (<i>p</i> = .01) and CT genotypes (<i>p</i> = .01) in comparison with the CC genotype of rs20544 in schizophrenia. Plasma MMP-9 levels were not significantly different among genotypes of the rs17576 variant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that the MMP9 genetic variants were associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but not with cognitive impairment and suicide attempt.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251409364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12815632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Treatment Gap for Schizophrenia in Rural India: A Step Toward Taluk Mental Health Program.","authors":"Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar, Rakesh Chander Kalaivanan, Kudumallige K Suresha, Swetha Gowda, D M Harisha, Patley Rahul, Sharad Philip, Prateek Varshney, Vinay Basavaraju, Narayana Manjunatha, Suresh Bada Math, Jagadisha Thirthalli","doi":"10.1177/02537176251409905","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251409905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In India, an estimated 3.5 million are affected with schizophrenia, of which more than two-thirds belong to the rural demography. Schizophrenia is one of the most disabling illnesses, causing 10% of the disability adjusted life years, making it a public health concern. We aimed to estimate the treatment gap for schizophrenia in a rural South Indian setting following a community intervention program implemented in two administrative blocks (Thirthahalli and Turuvekere) in the state of Karnataka, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Population-based screening was conducted by trained Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to identify persons with symptoms of schizophrenia. Research social workers and psychiatrists interviewed screen-positives to confirm the diagnosis. Prevalent cases were enumerated by adding those already registered under the program to those newly identified through house-to-house screening. The treatment gap was calculated by subtracting the \"target population\" from those who had received psychiatric treatment at least once.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Thirthahalli, of 364 patients, 14 had not received any treatment, indicating a treatment gap of 3.84%. In Turuvekere, out of 236 cases, 29 had not received treatment, indicating a treatment gap of 12.28%. Overall, the treatment gap in both administrative blocks was 7.16%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Meaningful reduction of treatment gap for schizophrenia is a feasible target at sub-district levels. Policies commensurate with this aim should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251409905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12820768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile of Young Adults Presenting to Primary Care Clinics: Insights and Future Directions.","authors":"Tanisha Shetty, Gauri S Mullerpattan, Sivakami Sundari S, Prakyath R Hegde, Rahul Patley, Narayana Manjunatha, Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar, Suresh Bada Math","doi":"10.1177/02537176251408583","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251408583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young adulthood (18-25 years) represents a critical developmental stage marked by heightened vulnerability to psychiatric disorders. Despite this, there is limited data on the clinical and demographic profiles of young adults seeking mental health care in India. This study analyzed trends and associations in the demographic and clinical characteristics of young adults participating in Collaborative Video Consultations (CVCs) at Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) across nine Indian states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 120 CVCs conducted between November 2022 and September 2024 were analyzed. Patients aged 18-25 were assessed using intake forms, clinical evaluations, and self-reports. Diagnoses included Common Mental Disorders (CMDs), Severe Mental Disorders (SMDs), Substance Use Disorders (SUDs), and other conditions. Associations between demographic factors, sleep disturbances, Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH), and diagnostic categories were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CMDs, predominantly depression and anxiety, were the most frequent diagnoses. Females were more likely to be diagnosed with CMDs, while males had higher rates of SUDs. Occupation showed significant associations: CMDs were common among students, SMDs among non-earning individuals, and SUDs among earning individuals. Sleep disturbances were significantly associated with CMDs (<i>p</i> < .001). DSH was also prevalent in CMDs (<i>p</i> = .003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the clinical significance of early detection and gender-sensitive, occupation-specific mental health screenings at PHCs for young adults. Expanding teleconsultation models, such as CVCs, could help bridge care gaps for underserved populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"S98-S106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12795728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}