Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Improving Depression and Anxiety in Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Sravanthi Penubarthi, Mounika Reddy, Raj Kiran Donthu, Naga Guhan, Adimulam Ganga Ravindra, Aparna Varma Bhongir","doi":"10.1177/02537176251363856","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251363856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a third-wave psychological therapy that has shown effectiveness in managing psychological distress across various conditions, including chronic illnesses. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to cognitive impairments, mood disturbances, and psychological distress. While pharmacological treatments have limitations, non-pharmacological approaches, such as ACT, offer a promising alternative. This study systematically examined the efficacy of ACT on depression and anxiety in adults with TBI.</p><p><strong>Collection and analysis of data: </strong>A systematic search identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ACT with treatment as usual or other psychological therapies in adults with TBI. Primary outcomes included depression and anxiety, while secondary outcomes assessed psychological flexibility, functional disability, rehabilitation participation, and quality of life (QOL). A random effects model meta-analysis was conducted using the <i>R</i> language. Four eligible RCTs (pooled <i>N</i> = 227) were included. ACT significantly reduced depression and anxiety with a moderate effect size [Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.18-0.90; <i>p</i> = .003; <i>I</i> ² = 61.1%]. It also improved psychological flexibility [Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.19-0.53; <i>p</i> < .001; <i>I</i> ² = 0%], mental health-related QOL [Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.02-0.49; <i>p</i> = .015; <i>I</i> ² = 90.8%], and decreased functional disability [Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.18-0.76; <i>p</i> = .001; <i>I</i> ² = 0%]. Regarding risk of bias, two studies had some concerns, and the rest were of low risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence for the efficacy of ACT in TBI is positive but preliminary. More methodologically sound trials using standardized measures are required to confirm the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251363856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Abstinence Among Men with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Backiyaraj Shanmugam, Jayant Mahadevan, Dhanasekara Pandian Ramasamy, Sinu Ezhumalai","doi":"10.1177/02537176251362106","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251362106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recovery in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a complex process and is characterized by periods of relapse and remission. Sustained abstinence is an essential element of the recovery process and the primary treatment objective for AUD in many cases. This study aimed to explore factors that promoted abstinence in men with AUD who relapsed frequently and were hospitalized more than twice in a year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Men with AUD who relapsed frequently (<i>n</i> = 29) were screened, consented, and recruited for the study. The data were collected through six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) over four months. The FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated. ATLAS. ti 23 software was used for coding, group coding, organizing, and analyzing data. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to identify themes related to factors associated with achieving and maintaining abstinence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five themes emerged as factors that promoted abstinence in the past: (a) employment, (b) treatment, (c) fear, (d) social support, and (e) responsibility. The study found that post-discharge therapeutic support, including after-care services, such as periodic telephonic follow-up, provision of free medication, and therapist availability during a crisis, was beneficial. Family recognition, emotional support, aversion therapy (disulfiram), fear of losing jobs, commitment to create a secure future for their children, and connection with non-drinking friends were the factors that supported abstinence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings underscore the importance of enhancing after-care services, fostering workplace support, and family-based interventions. Integrating abstinence-promoting factors into the treatment plan may reduce relapse risk and support sustained abstinence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251362106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalent User Bias in Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies: A Concept Simply Explained.","authors":"Chittaranjan Andrade","doi":"10.1177/02537176251364090","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251364090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevalent user bias, such as in the context of treatment with medication, occurs when a medication-using sample is attenuated by the experience of medication use, separating the original sample into former users and continuing users (\"prevalent users\"). Recruiting a sample after such a change has occurred results in a biased sample. This is problematic when the biasing influence is relevant to the outcome being studied. Three hypothetical studies are described to illustrate prevalent user bias: a cross-sectional study, a longitudinal observational study, and a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Concepts related to prevalent user bias are discussed. For example, this bias may help explain the well-known obesity paradox; and, performing completer analyses in RCTs is fallacious because it is an examination of outcomes in \"prevalent users.\" Prevalent user bias can be avoided by recruiting only new users. If a study recruits \"prevalent users,\" contamination by prevalent user bias should be considered. Finally, in longitudinal studies, reasons for drop out should be ascertained to determine whether the reasons influence outcomes through the prevalent user bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"518-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12336164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Methods in Mental Health Research: Standards for Ethical Inquiry, Research Practice, and Peer Review.","authors":"Mirza Jahanzeb Beg","doi":"10.1177/02537176251363817","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251363817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251363817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12336163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Recognizing Frontal Lobe Seizures in Down Syndrome: A Case Report.","authors":"Sonia Shenoy, Shambhavi Shivaa","doi":"10.1177/02537176251357569","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251357569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251357569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144816546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Emotional Interference as a Potential Endophenotypic Marker in Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A QEEG Study.","authors":"Chaithanya Leon, Simran Kaur, Tanaya Batabyal, Prashant Tayade, Rajesh Sagar, Ratna Sharma","doi":"10.1177/02537176251356127","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251356127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children and their siblings often exhibit deficits in emotional information processing both in terms of emotion recognition and interference. An individual's preparedness to resolve cognitive and emotional conflict before encountering emotionally interfering stimuli or while making a response can reveal the neural basis of emotional processing, utilizing pre-stimulus electroencephalography (EEG) microstates and pre-response source localization. This study aimed to investigate emotional interference via emotional Stroop task (EST) in children with ADHD and their siblings and neurotypical controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional observation study, 43 children with ADHD, 17 siblings of ADHD children, and 40 age-matched controls participated. EEG data was recorded using 128 channels during EST performance and analyzed for behavioral performance, pre-stimulus microstate parameters, and pre-response source localization of correct response trials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behavioral performance showed higher reaction time in ADHD children and their siblings than neurotypical controls. ADHD children had lower accuracy, while their siblings had higher accuracy than controls. Siblings also had higher accuracy compared to children with ADHD. Microstate analysis revealed Map 2 as a state marker and Map 3 as a trait marker. Meanwhile, increased allocation of cognitive resources was found to be a preserved trait among ADHD children and their siblings to resolve cognitive conflict during emotional interference tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EST was found to be a potential cognitive endophenotypic marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251356127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12316678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Future of Mental Health: Telepsychiatry Video Consultations on Mobile Phones Versus Laptops: Findings from a Tertiary Care Center.","authors":"Sivakumar Pt, Donae Elizabeth George, Abhinav Chichra, Raviteja Innamuri, Utkarsh Modi","doi":"10.1177/02537176251352038","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251352038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated the utilization of telepsychiatry services across populations. Research on satisfaction with video consultations has yielded mixed results. The utilization of telepsychiatry services in India identifies technological difficulties as a barrier. This study investigates specific access and communication-related factors that affect patient and caregiver satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a newly developed instrument comprising two domains: access-related and communication-related factors. Data was collected from consenting adult patients and caregivers previously engaging in video consultations. The instrument's psychometric properties were examined using Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, and factor analysis. Associations were evaluated using appropriate statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 78 respondents were included in the analysis. Four subject experts reviewed the instrument's content validity, and the scale's psychometric properties showed an overall Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.968 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.917. The study showed high satisfaction with telepsychiatry consultation, with differences in scores attributed more to communication-related factors than access-related factors. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the type of device (laptop better than phone) and age were significantly associated with total satisfaction scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights modifiable factors for telepsychiatry satisfaction using a newly developed instrument with robust initial psychometric properties. Limitations include the possibility of a biased sample population and a modest response rate from respondents. Future directions entail external validation of the satisfaction scale and utilization of the findings to broaden the scope of mental health coverage using telepsychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251352038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedback Framework in Psychiatry Residency Training: A Cross-sectional Survey Amongst Psychiatry Post-graduate Residents of India.","authors":"Naresh Nebhinani, Kartik Singhai, Harmanpreet Kaur, Arun Mohanram, Bheemsain Tekkalaki, Kishor M","doi":"10.1177/02537176251355121","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251355121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feedback has proven crucial in various training systems, especially medical training. However, data regarding the effectiveness of a feedback framework in psychiatry post-graduate (PG) training is limited. Hence, we undertook this survey to assess the essential components of a feedback mechanism in psychiatry PG training in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cross-sectional survey in which a questionnaire was circulated online to residents pursuing psychiatry training across various medical colleges, institutions, and hospitals in India. The questionnaire aimed to cover various aspects of a feedback program for psychiatry PG training. The target audience was kept as residents since they are the main benefactors of an effective feedback system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We received responses from 262 residents from 84 departments nationwide. The majority (<i>n</i> = 248, 94.7%) believed that a feedback system is necessary in psychiatry residency. Most believe feedback about outpatient and inpatient clinical performance and patient management skills is highly valuable. Real-time feedback was reported to be helpful, and faculty, followed by senior residents, became the most desired sources of feedback.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey highlights that residents strongly need a feedback mechanism during psychiatry residency. Implementing a feedback program and constantly evaluating its effectiveness could go a long way in improving psychiatry training outcomes in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251355121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden, Risk Factors, and Knowledge of Non-fatal Opioid Overdose Among Injectable Drug Users: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Saibal Das, Sreyashi Sen, Sarnendu Mondal, Manaswini Mondal, Yeasmina Khatun, Sujit Sarkhel, Indranil Saha, Sovonlal Mukherjee, Kalyan Bhowmik, Sharmila Sarkar, Rajarshi Neogi, Ravindra Rao, Milan Paramanik, Mounamukhar Bhattacharjee, Aniruddha Basu, Stuti Bhargava, Sruti Ganguly, Suchandrima Bhattacharjee, Asim Saha, Amit Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1177/02537176251357217","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251357217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid overdose is a significant public health problem among injectable drug users (IDUs), with non-fatal overdoses being a strong predictor of fatal overdoses. This study aimed to evaluate the burden, risk factors, and awareness related to non-fatal overdose among IDUs in Kolkata, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2023 to March 2025 at two opioid substitution therapy centers and two government hospitals in Kolkata. A total of 331 IDUs diagnosed with opioid use disorders participated. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographics, substance use, overdose risk factors, and knowledge of overdose management. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 331 IDUs were included. Among them, 73% used heroin, and 72.3% used buprenorphine. Major risk factors were sudden increases in heroin dosage (88.1%), injecting alone (83.8%), and sharing syringes (82.5%). Additionally, 24.1% reported a history of incarceration. Only 55.5% knew about calling an ambulance during an overdose, while 96.3% were aware that higher doses increase overdose risk. None were aware of naloxone use. Most participants (77.4%) expressed the need for more training on overdose management, while 88.7% feared aggression from overdose victims when administering naloxone. Attitude showed a protective trend, while knowledge and cumulative risk scores were not significantly associated with overdose in regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore the need for comprehensive overdose prevention programs, including naloxone distribution and training and community-based education to address knowledge gaps and reduce opioid overdose mortality among IDUs in Kolkata.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251357217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12313612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-based Psychotherapy: A Qualitative Exploration of Usability, Personalization, and the Perception of Therapeutic Progress.","authors":"Mirza Jahanzeb Beg, Manish Kumar Verma","doi":"10.1177/02537176251357477","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176251357477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>AI-based psychotherapy apps offer accessibility and structured interventions but face challenges regarding emotional depth, personalization, engagement, and ethical concerns. This study critically examines user experiences, identifying key advantages, limitations, and areas for refinement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative approach was employed, using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 17 participants (aged 18-45) who had used AI-based psychotherapy apps for at least four weeks. Ten participants had prior clinical diagnoses (e.g., anxiety, depression, adjustment disorder), while others reported subclinical psychological distress. Engagement duration ranged from 2 to 11 months, with most using the apps two to five times per week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten core themes emerged, revealing a paradox of accessibility versus therapeutic depth. While users valued immediacy and anonymity, they struggled with fragmented therapeutic narratives, scripted empathy, and algorithmic stagnation in personalization. The over-reliance on CBT frameworks limited adaptability to diverse emotional needs, while linguistic and cultural microaggressions led to disengagement. Privacy concerns stemmed from a mismatch between perceived and actual risks, and AI-induced dependence raised ethical questions about user autonomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AI psychotherapy must evolve beyond static, standardized interventions by integrating emotionally responsive, culturally adaptive, and ethically responsible AI models. Enhancing therapeutic continuity, adaptive learning, and human-AI hybrid models can bridge the gap between accessibility and authentic engagement. These findings inform future AI-driven mental health innovations, ensuring they align with psychological, ethical, and cultural expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176251357477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12274205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}