Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Integrating Lived Experience Perspectives in AI-based Mental Health Research: A Practice-based Reflective Account.","authors":"Deepak S Ghadigaonkar, Diptadhi Mukherjee, Kalyani Bg, Prakrithi Shivaprakash, Tathagata Mahintamani, Bobby Kunhu, Neha B Kulkarni, Vikas Punia, Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha, Lekhansh Shukla","doi":"10.1177/02537176261449058","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261449058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The embedding of lived experience experts (LEEs) is increasingly recognized as important in research, but evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) remains sparse. This viewpoint aims to present and critically reflect on a model for integrating LEEs into the design of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based mental health (MH) study to develop an automated depression screening system in India. We report on the process of forming a diverse Lived Experience Advisory Panel (LEAP) and show how LEAP influenced methodology, system design, ethics, and language through a three-day workshop and co-design sessions. We also highlight the ethical, structural, and power-dynamic challenges encountered, demonstrating that meaningful LEE partnership is both feasible and essential for developing culturally grounded, safe, and clinically acceptable AI applications in LMIC settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261449058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148137604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methamphetamine Use and Psychiatric Morbidity in Sri Lanka: Sociodemographic Insights from a Tertiary Care Clinic.","authors":"Janith Galhenage, Amila Isuru, Madhubhashinee Dayabandara, Raveen Hanwella","doi":"10.1177/02537176261451022","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261451022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methamphetamine use is increasing across South and Southeast Asia, yet evidence on user characteristics and psychiatric morbidity remains limited. This study examines the sociodemographic features, psychiatric symptoms, and their associations among methamphetamine users in Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 consecutive patients attending the professorial psychiatry unit of a tertiary hospital in Sri Lanka. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were male (97.6%) with a mean age of 31.3 years (<i>SD</i> = 9.7). The mean age of initiation was 29.2 years (<i>SD</i> = 10.0), and 86.9% were introduced by friends. Methamphetamine dependence was 60.8%. Frequent concurrent substance use included nicotine (93.1%) and heroin (73.9%). Psychiatric comorbidities included substance-induced psychosis (10.6%) and major depression (4.9%). The mean BPRS score was 24.25 (<i>SD</i> = 8.0), with prevalent symptoms: suspiciousness (86%), hostility (82.5%), and depression (61.6%). Higher BPRS scores linked to younger age, family history, unemployment, recent use, and dependence; dependence predicted higher symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.62, confidence intervals [<i>CI</i>]: 1.82-7.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The methamphetamine users in Sri Lanka are predominantly young males with high rates of dependence, concurrent substance use, and significant psychiatric morbidity. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated mental health and substance use interventions and provide data relevant for national, regional, and global public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"536-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13212423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Antenatal Screening Proforma for Psychosocial Concerns in Indian Women.","authors":"Shreya Agarwal, Shyamala Guruvare, Priyesh Chandrashekar, Vaishalee Saravanan","doi":"10.1177/02537176261448947","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261448947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnant women are at increased risk for mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, influenced by multiple psychosocial factors. The current study aimed to develop and validate a proforma for screening psychosocial concerns in Indian pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a mixed-methods design. In Phase 1, a detailed literature review and in-depth interviews with nine pregnant women at a private hospital in India were conducted, leading to the development of a preliminary draft of the proforma to understand the psychosocial concerns of pregnant women. In Phase 2, the proforma was validated by six subject matter experts in perinatal care. Content validation of the proforma was calculated using the item content validity index and the modified kappa (<i>k</i>*) statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis identified three major themes: Informed choice about pregnancy, navigating the journey of pregnancy, and social support. These themes and other major psychosocial risk factors, derived from an extensive literature review, guided the development of the screening proforma. All items in the screening proforma met the criteria for relevance and simplicity; however, two items required revision for clarity. After the necessary revisions, the final screening proforma consisted of eight domains and 20 items.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Screening pregnant women using a psychosocial proforma during routine antenatal checkups facilitates timely referrals to mental health professionals, thereby promoting holistic, and culturally sensitive maternal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261448947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orexinergic Dysregulation in Major Depressive Disorder: Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study Evaluating MADRS, PSQI, and MoCA Scores.","authors":"Vani Viswanathan, Mamta Sood, Shivam Pandey, Reeta Kh","doi":"10.1177/02537176261448988","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261448988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition characterized by affective, cognitive, and somatic symptoms. Disturbances in sleep and cognition are common yet underexplored features of MDD. Orexin, a hypothalamic neuropeptide, plays key roles in arousal, sleep-wake regulation, and cognition. This was a prospective, observational study with longitudinal follow-up investigating the correlation between serum orexin-<i>A</i> levels and depression symptom severity, sleep quality, and cognitive status, as assessed with standard psychometric tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 113 patients with MDD and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were assessed in this study. Patients were followed up after 6-12 weeks of antidepressant therapy. Symptom severity, sleep quality, and cognitive status were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), respectively. Serum orexin-<i>A</i> was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between changes in serum orexin-<i>A</i> levels and clinical scale scores was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (Q1-Q3) serum orexin levels in patients and healthy controls were 192.6 (183.2-209.3) pg/mL and 207.4 (203.8-218.7) pg/mL, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> < .001). Serum orexin-<i>A</i> levels in the patient group at baseline and follow-up were not statistically significant. Changes in various score components of the questionnaires were statistically significant. However, serum orexin-<i>A</i> levels were correlated only with the apparent sadness component of MADRS. No correlation was observed between orexin-<i>A</i> levels and PSQI or MoCA questionnaire components.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum orexin-<i>A</i> showed potential as a biomarker for MDD, exhibiting correlation with a MADRS score component. However, no correlation was observed with sleep quality and cognitive status, necessitating validation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261448988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13201375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult SLD Certification in Real-world Settings: Too Late or Still Valid.","authors":"Vijay K Saini, Tanu Gupta, Pratibha Gehlawat","doi":"10.1177/02537176261448397","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261448397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific learning disability (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder recognized as disability in India. SLD assessment in adults is challenging due to the absence of childhood records, overlapping conditions, and limited adult-specific tools. This article discusses practical assessment challenges through hypothetical case scenarios and emphasizes the need for clearer guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261448397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Plasma Vitamin B6 Levels in Children with Tourette Syndrome: A Case-control Study.","authors":"Anusree A Kumar, Aisha Shaju, Mubashira V, Shabeesh Balan, Varsha Vidyadharan, Dhanasooraj Dhananjayan, Rajith Ravindren","doi":"10.1177/02537176261449872","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261449872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent motor and vocal tics. Histaminergic dysregulation in the brain has been proposed as a mechanism underlying TS. Vitamin B6, a key cofactor in histamine metabolism, may therefore play a contributory role in its pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational, unmatched case-control study in which clinical features of 25 children diagnosed with TS were assessed using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Plasma vitamin B6 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with those of a control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were males, and 16% had comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The most common motor tics were eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, head jerking, and orofacial movements. Frequent vocal tics included throat clearing and sniffing. Coprolalia was observed in four children. The median plasma vitamin B6 level in the TS group was 25.01 ng/mL, which was significantly lower than the 36.33 ng/mL in the control group (Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> = 225, <i>p</i> = .03). The rank-biserial correlation indicated a moderate effect size (<i>r</i> = 0.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TS in children predominantly affects males and is commonly associated with ADHD and OCD. Coprolalia-a clinically distressing symptom-was present only in a small subgroup. The lower plasma vitamin B6 levels observed in children with TS suggest a possible role for vitamin B6 in disease pathogenesis, potentially through its involvement in histaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmission and in modulating neuroinflammatory processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261449872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Community-based Preventive Psychiatry-related Interventional Research in India by Employing SWOT Analysis.","authors":"Pankhuri Agrawal, Snehil Gupta, Ashish Pakhre, Dona Pal, Ankesh Anand, Surya Bali, Tamonud Modak, Anindo Majumdar","doi":"10.1177/02537176261446088","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261446088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261446088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample Size Determination for Pilot Studies Based on Event Thresholds: A Framework for Evaluating Feasibility of Research Processes.","authors":"Mohamad Adam Bujang","doi":"10.1177/02537176261447652","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261447652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pilot studies are essential for assessing feasibility and operational processes before large-scale research. This study presents a Poisson-based framework for determining the minimum pilot sample size based on discrete event thresholds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The number of events represents occurrences such as errors, deviations, or missing data that indicate whether a process is functioning as intended. Setting a maximum tolerable threshold for these events provides a clear decision rule for proceeding or refining study procedures. A Poisson-based model was applied for sample size calculation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on α ≤ 0.05, the findings show that sample sizes vary depending on the study conditions, namely the maximum tolerable threshold and event rate. Sample size increases with the number of thresholds, while other parameters remain fixed. When α ≤ 0.05, sample sizes ranging from 12 to 26 are generally sufficient for studies involving three to five maximum tolerable thresholds, assuming an event rate of 10.0%. Larger sample sizes may be necessary when a greater number of thresholds are involved or when the acceptable event rate is low.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The framework of sample size determination facilitates the early identification of potential issues and supports informed decision-making prior to conducting a full-scale study. In general, a sample size of 25 to 30 units is considered adequate for a pilot study, consistent with existing literature. However, larger sample sizes may be necessary when a greater number of thresholds are involved or when the acceptable event rate is low.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":"48 5","pages":"531-535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Curriculum in the Postgraduate Psychiatry Trainee Program.","authors":"Aseem Mehra, Pinki Sevda, Vijay Kumar Saini, Siddharth Sarkar","doi":"10.1177/02537176261445314","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261445314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hidden curriculum profoundly shapes professional identity formation in postgraduate psychiatry training through implicit norms, institutional culture, and role modeling. Beyond formal curricula, it influences ethics, communication, well-being, and professionalism. Recognizing and positively shaping hidden curriculum can enhance trainee development, institutional culture, and humane, patient-centered psychiatric practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261445314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Structure of Perinatal Depressive Symptoms Among Women in Rural Bihar.","authors":"Sanjna Shukla, Jothilakshmi Durairaj, Homam A Khan, Uttara Seshu, Manish Bhardwaj, Vijaya Raghavan","doi":"10.1177/02537176261444526","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02537176261444526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perinatal depression (PND) is a common mental disorder affecting women worldwide. Despite receiving considerable attention as a unitary construct, PND's inter-symptom interactions have received limited attention. The present study examined the network structure of perinatal depressive symptoms, their relative importance, and interconnectedness among women experiencing PND from rural Bihar.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study screened women for PND using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) through door-to-door surveys by trained workers. Women scoring above the cutoff were recruited. Using <i>R</i> 4.0.3 and the qgraph package, the network structure was estimated to visualize symptom relationships. Centrality indices highlighted the connectivity of each symptom within the network. Accuracy and stability analyses assessed the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 132 participants with elevated depressive symptom scores on the EPDS were analyzed. The most central item was \"I have been so unhappy that I have been crying\". The strongest association was between \"laughing/seeing the funny side of things\" and \"looking forward with interest and pleasure.\" Results suggest that mood and interest/pleasure symptoms, such as crying, anticipating enjoyable activities, and feeling sad showed relatively higher strength centrality in this exploratory analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study advances efforts to uncover symptom-symptom interactions within PND networks in India, particularly in rural Bihar. Future research to establish the clinical and prognostic utility of these symptoms can pave the way for evidence-based interventions in rural Indian settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13476,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"02537176261444526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}