Immunopathologia Persa最新文献

{"title":"Does folate deficiency alter sperm parameters in infertile males?","authors":"Saeideh Sadat Alamdari, Maryam Derakhshan, Marzieh Derakhshan, Parvin Mahzouni","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39480","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is not enough evidence regarding the influence of folate deficiency in the etiology of idiopathic male infertility. Objectives: The objective of the current study was to examine whether there is an association between serum levels of folate and sperm parameters among infertile males. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on a sample of infertile males referring to an infertility treatment clinic in Isfahan province, Iran. Semen parameters, comprising sperm concentration, progressive/total motility, morphology, semen leukocyte, agglutination, and vitality were assessed based on standard protocols. The sperm DNA fragmentation assay (SDFA) and sperm chromatin maturity assay (SCMA) were also assessed by the sperm chromatin dispersion and aniline-blue tests respectively. Results: In general, 70 infertile males including 46 with sufficient serum folate level and 24 with insufficient serum folate level were examined. Subjects with sufficient serum folate level had a significantly higher mean of sperm concentration, vitality, progressive motility, total motility, SDFA, and SCMA (P<0.05). Higher serum folate level was also associated with lower risk of abnormal sperm agglutination (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-0.65), and morphology (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: (0.02-0.60) after adjustment for potential confounders. Conclusion: The present study found a significant association between serum folate level and infertility among Iranian infertile males. However, prospective large-scale population-based research is required to confirm the finding.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135916716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of delivery type (vaginal delivery versus cesarean section) on intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in healthy women","authors":"S. Nazari, A. Smaeili, A. Kasiri, Parivash Jelodarian","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39478","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnancy imposes physiological stress and significantly changes human body. This change may have potential effects on visual system. Little is known about pregnancy effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. Objectives: The present study tended to evaluate and compare the effect of normal vaginal delivery (NVD) versus cesarean section (CS) on IOP and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in healthy women. Patients and Methods: Sixty pregnant women participated in this prospective cross-sectional study. The participants were assigned to two groups; the first group consisted of 30 candidates for NVD and the second group of 30 candidates for CS. Then, IOP in three states before delivery, during delivery, and six weeks after delivery then RNFLT were measured and compared by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in two states before delivery and six weeks after delivery. Results: Based on the results, there was no significant difference in the RNFLT in left and right eyes, before and after delivery in the NVD and CS groups (P=0.081 and P=0.090, respectively). Additionally, following the comparison of NVD and SC groups, no significant difference in the RNFLT between two groups was detected (P>0.05). According to IOP measurements in both eyes, IOP during delivery was significantly higher than before and after delivery in NVD group (P=0.05 and P=0.048, respectively) and CS group (P=0.028 and P=0.035, respectively). In addition, IOP in NVD group was higher than CS group in all states, but no statistically significant difference was seen among them (P>0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results showed that delivery type does not significantly affect RNFLT and IOP. It is also possible that an increase in IOP will lead to different results in women with pre-existing glaucoma or risk factors for it. Therefore, in cases with a positive background of glaucoma, specialized examinations and delivery under the supervision of a specialist are recommended.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from burn patients","authors":"F. Farajzadeh, K. Diba, J. Kazemzadeh, Shohreh Afshar Yavari","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39498","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Burn infections are a serious obstacle to the patient’s recovery. Infection is estimated to account for 75% of burn patient mortality. Widespread and often indiscriminate administration of antibiotics and lack of basic infection control methods are major factors in the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Due to the growing and serious threat of antibiotic resistance, interest in silver compounds has grown in modern medicine. Objectives: The aim of this descriptive study was to evaluate the frequency of sil genes and its phenotypic expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates isolated from the burn ward of Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia. Patients and Methods: P. aeruginosa (n=16) and A. baumannii (n=32) isolates were collected from burn wound samples in an 8-month period from August to March 2017 from the burn ward of the hospital. The minimum inhibitory concentration of silver nitrate on the clinical isolates was determined using microdilution method. The presence of silP, silE and silS silver resistance genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test showed that 62.5% (n = 10) of P. aeruginosa isolates and 56.25% (n = 18) of A. baumannii isolates showed MIC above 512 mg/ml. Polymerase chain reaction results revealed that only one P. aeruginosa isolate had silE gene and among A. baumannii isolates, 20 isolates had silE gene and six isolates had silS gene. None of the isolates showed positive results for the silP gene. Conclusion: Based on the results, A. baumannii was the most common microorganism of burn wounds in the burn ward of our hospital in Urmia. This study showed a high degree of phenotypic resistance to silver in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates which silE and silS genes were also observed in some isolates.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47789887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological complications as the hallmark symptoms of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in sickle cell disease","authors":"M. Bahadoram, B. Keikhaei, Shahram Rafie, E. Akade, Najmeh Nameh Goshay Fard, Roozbeh Moghaddar","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39490","url":null,"abstract":"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a type of microangiopathy, which is characterized by the formation of small blood clots in the vessels, leading to organ damage and low platelet count. In sickle cell disease (SCD), TTP can occur due to the activation of the coagulation system and damage to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. The importance of TTP in SCD lies in its potential to cause severe and life-threatening complications, including stroke, renal and heart failure. Early recognition and treatment of TTP in SCD are crucial to prevent these complications and improve outcomes. In this letter, we highlighted the significance of neurological complications in the diagnosis of TTP in SCD.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44496224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galbanic acid of Ferula assa-foetida L, as a regulator of the AMPK pathway in reduction of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells","authors":"H. Musavi, H. Shokri-Afra, Prof. Dr. Soleiman Mahjoub, Abbas Khonakdar-Tarsi, A. Bagheri, Zahra Memariani","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39479","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hepatic fat accumulation is a complication of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduces the synthesis of fatty acids by inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1-c (SREBP1-C) and acetyl COA carboxylase (ACC). Objectives: We aimed to investigate the impress of galbanic acid (Gal) from the Ferula plant on AMPK and its inhibitory effect on lipogenic enzymes in HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods: In an applied-fundamental study, HepG2 cells were treated for 24 hours with Gal in palmitate (Pal). Resveratrol (RSV) was conducted as a positive control. Fatty acid synthase (FAS) and SREBP1-C gene expression were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). FAS, phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (P-ACC), P-AMPK, AMPK, SREBP-1c, and ACC protein levels were measured by western blotting. Lipid accumulation was investigated qualitatively and semi-quantitatively with oil red. Results: The semi-quantitative results of oil revealed a substantial reduction (P<0.004) in lipid accumulation for treatment with Gal. The significant increase in the protein level of P-AMPK (P<0.001) and P-ACC (P=0.054) and significant decrease in FAS (P<0.003), SREBP-1c (P<0.001) and ACC (P<0.011) due to the effect galbanic acid was observed. FAS gene expression decreased significantly (P<0.009), while the decrease in SREBP-1c gene expression was not significant (P=0.303). Conclusion: These findings direct that galbanic acid can be a new regulator of AMPK. Hence, the present study may introduce galbanic acid as a new plan to positively regulate the AMPK pathway, which leads to the regulation of various cellular processes.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48710032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of HLA-B27 frequency in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and its relationship with clinical symptoms in Khuzestan province","authors":"Mahnoosh Davodi, F. Nokhostin, Elham Rajaei","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39472","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease, which causes mild to severe clinical symptoms in patients. Several inherited and acquired factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) is one of the factors, whose expression affects patients’ susceptibility to AS. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated HLA-B27 frequency in AS patients of Khuzestan province of Iran. Patients and Methods: The study population (N=114) including patients with AS. Patients were examined and confirmed by a rheumatologist based on New York modified criteria. Clinical information was extracted from patients’ documents. Furthermore, general characteristics of the patients and several clinical variables (physio-pathological, self-report, and imaging) were taken into consideration. Results: The results showed that 62.3% of the patients were HLA-B27 positive, while 37.7% of which were HLA-B27 negative. This difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The disease duration was shown to be almost equal in both groups (i.e., HLA-B27 positive and HLA-B27 negative). According to the results, various clinical symptoms (like ocular complications and peripheral arthritis) were observed in patients, and the complications of which were higher in HLA-B27 negative patients compared to HLA-B27 positive ones (P <0.05). Besides, it was seen that the male patients have shown a higher physio-pathological (using polymerase chain reaction [PCR] technique) report for positive HLA-B27 and a higher magnetic resonance imaging involvement compared with females, whereas the women showed higher disease activity score i.e., higher mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) value. Conclusion: For the AS patients, negative HLA-B27 cases show more progressive involvement sacroiliac joints compared with the positive HLA-B27 cases. More importantly, of hundred percent of patients who responded to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment, 52.6% were positive for the HLA-B27 antigen, and 47.4% were negative for the HLA-B27 antigen. Overall, it can be said that HLA-B27 lonely is not involved in the pathogenesis of AS and environmental factors should be investigated and involved in the disease development.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the relation between cerebroplacental ratio, umbilical-cerebral ratio, and cerebro-placental-uterine ratio with the occurrence of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction","authors":"S. Khanjani, F. Farahbod, E. Zarean, M. Tarrahi, B. Mohammadi","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39503","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major obstetric complication associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Doppler parameters, including the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), umbilicocerebral ratio (UCR), and cerebro-placental-uterine ratio (CPUR), with adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies complicated by FGR. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study of 100 women with a singleton pregnancy 28 and 36.8 weeks of gestation was complicated by FGR and mild abnormalities. Feto-maternal Doppler examinations were conducted by the CPR, UCR, and CPUR parameters. Adverse outcomes were defined as Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, preterm birth <37-week, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, fetal distress, and emergency cesarean section. These outcome parameters were checked with the results of the last ultrasound which performed 1-2 weeks before delivery. Results: Mean umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) (1.18±0.31 versus 1.04±0.21, P=0.010) and mean uterine arteries (UtAs)-PI (1.18±0.45 versus 0.96±0.36, P=0.20) were significantly higher in pregnancies that experienced adverse perinatal outcomes than those that did not experience them. Mean CPUR (1.82±1.03 versus 2.25±0.83, P=0.039) was significantly lower in pregnancies that experienced adverse perinatal outcomes versus those that did not. In binary multivariate logistic regression analysis, CPR, UCR, and CPUR parameters were evaluated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Only CPUR had a significant relationship with adverse perinatal outcomes. CPUR had a substantial relationship with Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.02-0.63; P=0.012). Conclusion: CPUR is a new Doppler ratio associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in FGR pregnancies with minimal abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47175871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of pregnancy outcomes and neonatal complications between COVID–19-vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women in Tabriz, Iran","authors":"S. Taghavi, M. Dehdilani, M. Dehdilani","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39520","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Insufficient information exists regarding the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination safety in pregnant women. Objectives: The present study compared the pregnancy and fetal outcomes among COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Tabriz, Iran) on 117 pregnant women (55 vaccinated women as the case group and 62 unvaccinated women as the control group) using census sampling in 2022. The maternal outcomes (death, admission to intensive care unit [ICU], premature birth, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, and polyhydramnios) and neonatal outcomes (neonatal death, congenital disabilities, neonatal weight loss, admission to ICU, neonatal infection, neonatal fever, need for mechanical ventilation of the newborn, and one- and five-minute Apgar scores) were recorded. Then the two groups were compared using independent t-test, along with ANOVA and chi-square tests. Results: The number of women without pregnancy outcomes was marginally lower in the case group than in the control group (P=0.099). Gestational hypertension (P=0.312) and preterm birth were lower among unvaccinated women than among vaccinated women but this difference was not significant (P=0.089). Hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (P=0.361), neonatal fever (P=0.259), and neonatal infection (P=0.079) were more common in infants born to vaccinated mothers than in infants born to unvaccinated women, although the difference not significant. Conclusion: Vaccination against COVID-19 appears to not be associated with an increased probability of maternal and neonatal complications.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49316253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant; psychological effect and influencing factors in elderly patients","authors":"J. Eslami, Giti Setoodeh, Sara Dehghan, Y. Khanchemehr, Reyhaneh Sadeghian, Mahsa Asadollahi Hamedani, Mohamad Khaledi, Mobin Mohammadtabar, Najmeh Parsai","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39491","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant appeared in South Africa for the first time. The high prevalence of its mortality in elderly patients has caused an increase in anxiety triggered by this disease in aged people. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the anxiety related-COVID-19 in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its related factors in elderly patients who are candidates for cataract surgery. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 159 over 65 years old patients who are candidates for cataract surgery. Easy and accessible sampling methods were employed to select samples. Demographic characteristics sheet and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) questionnaire were filled out by them. Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U and binary logistic regression tests were conducted for data analysis. Results: The results showed that out of 159 patients, 57.9% were female, with a mean age of 73.09 ± 9.64 years. The anxiety level of 70.4% of patients was mild or non-anxiety and 29.6% was moderate or severe. The correlation between anxiety related to COVID-19 with age, gender, vaccination status and history of being infected by COVID-19 was significant (P<0.05); however, the correlation with the job, place of residence and marital status were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that older age, female gender, non-vaccinated and having no history of being infected by COVID-19 are the most influential factors that increase anxiety triggered by COVID-19 in elderly patients.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48826755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in benign and malignant breast lesions","authors":"Seyed Abbas Rezaei Naserabad, Shahram Bagheri, P. Kheradmand, S. Latifi","doi":"10.34172/ipp.2023.39477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ipp.2023.39477","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, which is the second most common malignancy in terms of mortality and prevalence after lung cancer. BC is a group of very diverse diseases that can be detected at a molecular, histopathological and clinical level. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of CK5/6 and its relationship to some of the factors affecting prognosis, such as tumor grade, lymph node involvement. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aspects, 40 malignant and 20 benign tumors were collected in 2020 from the archives of the pathology department of two educational hospitals in the city of Ahvaz. The demographic and clinical characteristics of each specimen, including age, patient, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, lymph node involvement, tumor grade and tumor type were extracted from the patients’ record. Then the expression of CK5/6 intensity staining was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: All benign breast lesions had positive expression for CK5/6 and staining intensity between six and nine. In the malignant group, 33 samples showed negative expression of CK5/6 and only seven samples (17.5%) showed positive expression with a low-staining index. A positive expression with a low-staining index. All seven positive specimens were invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) lesions with staining index 2, 4, and 6. Additionally, none of the ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) specimens which immunostained were positive for CK5/6. In the present study, all IDCs with weak expression of CK5/6 were grade III. No statistically significant relationship was observed between perineural and lymphovascular invasion and lymph node involvement with the intensity of CK5/6 expression. Conclusion: Our study showed that cytokeratin immunohistochemical intensity is able to distinguish benign lesions from malignant IDC and DCIS lesions and accordingly in determining of tumor grade after weak staining in high-grade IDC, which may be due to squamous metaplasia in these tumors; however, more extensive research with a larger sample size are required to assess its effect in lymphovascular and perineural invasion and also lymph node involvement.","PeriodicalId":13454,"journal":{"name":"Immunopathologia Persa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45950884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}