Advances in Clinical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Importance of Orphan Drugs Needs More Attention in Future","authors":"K. A","doi":"10.23880/act-16000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000167","url":null,"abstract":"The orphan drugs or products were not very economically beneficial for pharmaceutical industry due to less number of patients. However, these rare diseases have no any satisfactory treatment in the markets. Currently after so much development many patients are suffering. The government of various countries aware more nowadays, taking more steps against such cases and also taking attention for the development of such products for human welfare. According to UNICEF (US) the number of Orphans children’s in countries around the world about 2.7 million. The Eastern Europe is placed at the highest rate in the world for drops. In Asia, China on top but when we saw in INDIA, the government reported approximately there are 20 million orphans and abandoned children. In conclusion, there is more attention needs for such rare cases.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heavy Toxic Metals on Human Health and Methods of Determining their Content in Tea Sheets and Vegetables Grown in the Lankaran-Astara Region of the Republic of Azerbaijan","authors":"Marrahamov Mikayil Akbar","doi":"10.23880/act-16000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of heavy toxic metals on human health. It has been shown that the long-term accumulation of heavy metals in the body can lead to a slowdown in the development of physical, muscle and neurological degenerative processes that mimic certain diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The transfer of heavy metals from ecosystem to human is also analyzed. It is noted that some heavy metals generate free radicals, which can lead to oxidative stress and cause other cellular damage, a carcinogenic effect, affecting a number of proteins. As a result of the measurement of mass concentrations of zinc, cadmium, lead and copper by inversion voltammetry after preliminary preparation of samples by wet mineralization, it was found that the content of concentrations of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in tea flashes was 3.50 ± 1.40 mg/kg, 0.03 ± 0.038 mg/kg, 0.370 ± 0.130 mg/kg, 3.20 ± 1.10 mg/kg, respectively Low Zn and Cd 0.56 ± 0.22 mg/kg and 0,0012 ± 0,0048 mg/kg, respectively, were found in fresh tomatoes, and Pb and Cu 0,013 ± 0,0045 mg/kg and 0.57 ± 0.21 mg/kg, were found in fresh cucumbers respectively. The content of mass concentrations of toxic metals Cd, Pb in all analysed samples of tea leaves and vegetables (tomatoes and cucumbers) is less than their permissible levels specified in regulatory documents in force in the Republic of Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123303877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Prevalence of Lead among Schoolchildren in Qatar and its Impacts on School Performance and Attitudes towards Violence in School","authors":"A. Alkhatib","doi":"10.23880/act-16000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000250","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to lead (pb+2) has been associated with several diseases including mental diseases and violent behaviors. The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of lead (pb+2) and its impacts on school performance and attitudes towards violence in Qatar schools. A case control study design was conducted. A total sample of 170 students was randomly selected to participate in this study according to their academic achievement. A special questionnaire was designed for this study. Lead (pb+2) was determined in urine sample using spectrum atomic absorption. Results showed that the grades are significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of Pb, sleep hours and rate of preservative consumption. Similarly, the performance of the student’s id significantly associated with the violent and negative behaviours. The poor performance of the students is indicated by the low grades (score: 50-60) is significantly associated with the presence of higher concentrations of Pb in the urine in comparison to the good performing students. The outcomes of this study also highlight the feasibility of observable behaviours and quantifiable biochemical indicators to predict a student’s performance in academics. Furthermore, the association of the consumption of preservatives and daily sleep hours with the performance of the students are indicator to provide awareness to the students, school administrators and the public. The detectable presence of a toxicant like Pb, in this case, to impact academic performance and behaviour necessitates further validation as well as provision of guidelines for public health. Taken together, exposure to lead is a significant problem that should be addressed in social context.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115243583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Botulinum Toxin Consultation Shutdown Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic on Spasticity Treatment: A Review of the Literature","authors":"Eduardo Freitas Ferreira","doi":"10.23880/act-16000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000212","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed an additional pressure on health systems worldwide, creating an increased challenge to chronic patient management due to consultation shutdown. Spastic patients were especially vulnerable to inadequate care. This review aims to describe the impact of botulinum toxin (BT) consultation interruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic on spasticity treatment. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the database of Medline, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Scopus. Keywords for the search included “COVID-19” AND “Botulinum Toxin” AND “Spasticity”. Results: A total of 6 studies reporting the impact of BT consultation suspension on spasticity due to the COVID-19 pandemic met inclusion criteria. All studies were observational and included a small sample. Consultation interruption was variable between studies and ranged from 36-75 days, originating a mean treatment delay of 23-129 days due to re-scheduling difficulties. The majority (72-93%) of patients in all studies perceived worsening of spasticity with BT consultation suspension. Effects seem to be worse with longer treatment delays and concerning the mobility and passive function treatment objectives. Some studies reported a worse quality of life in patients with BT treatment delay whilst others did not find this association. Discussion: Although a year has passed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a scarcity of studies reporting the impact of BT consultation interruption on the treatment of spastic patients. An increased inter-treatment delay originates a reduction in the effectiveness at the end of the treatment cycle due BT washout. On average, a 1% worsening of symptoms occurs with one day of delay. Thus, a small delay of a few weeks can lead to worsening of symptoms which may take several treatment cycles to return to previous stable benefit level. The impact of BT consultation suspension on quality of life is controversial and further studies are necessary to clarify this question. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major negative impact on the BT treatment of spasticity. Thus, consultation shutdown severely affected these patients and needs to be avoided.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123774187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy of COVID-19","authors":"Laxminarayana K Bairy","doi":"10.23880/act-16000194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000194","url":null,"abstract":"Corona virus disease is a pandemic that first reported from Wuhan City of China and later spread to other parts of the world. It is a highly contagious disease though the mortality rate is less compared to other corona virus disease seen in the last two decades. Most of the infected individuals are asymptomatic and goes unnoticed. However, 5-10 percent requires hospitalization and 1-3 percent may need critical care management. There is no proven drug for the disease, but many existing drugs are repurposed for this disease with variable degree of success. Few clinical trials are completed and some are still undergoing. An attempt is made to give an overview of various drugs available at present for the management of COVID-19 and in various stages of their development.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121883083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QSAR Studies on Some C-21 Mercapto Derivatives as AntiPulmonary Inflammatory Agents","authors":"B. Shaik","doi":"10.23880/act-16000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000270","url":null,"abstract":"Glucocorticoids have been widely used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions but are associated with various side effects. C-21 mercapto derivatives, a class of dissociated steroids, have shown potential as anti-inflammatory agents with reduced side effects. In this study, QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) analysis was performed on a series of 19 C-21 mercapto hydrocortisone derivatives with IL-6 cytokine inhibition activities. Molecular descriptors were calculated using Alva descriptor software, and significant descriptors governing the activity were identified. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed statistically significant models, and the best two-variable model included spectral mean absolute deviation from reciprocal squared geometrical matrix (SpMAD_RG) and H autocorrelation of lag 3 weighted by i state (H3s). Internal and external validation confirmed the reliability of the models. The study suggests that these structural descriptors, particularly SpMAD_RG and H3s, play a crucial role in the activity prediction of C-21 mercapto derivatives. The findings contribute to the design of novel molecules in this class with improved therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"148 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114012148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) on Sperm Motility and Abnormality: An In vitro Approach","authors":"S. Rajini, and Shivabasavaiah","doi":"10.23880/act-16000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000210","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrates (NO3 ) are the naturally occurring inorganic ions with beneficial effects in both plants and animals. However, NO3 in excess has adverse effect on male and female reproductive systems. The study was undertaken to investigate the effect of 10mg/ ml and 100mg/ml of sodium nitrate (NaNO3 ) on sperm motility and abnormality at different time intervals (5,10,15,20,25 and 30 min). Treatment of cauda epididymal sperm suspension with 10mg/ml of NaNO3 significantly reduced the sperm motility only at 25 and 30 min time intervals compared to controls. However, 100mg/ml of NaNO3 resulted in significant reduction of sperm motility from 5 min to 30 min time interval in time dependent manner and complete loss of sperm motility was observed at 15 min of incubation. In addition, the number of abnormal spermatozoa was significantly high in 100mg/ml of NaNO3 treated groups compared to controls and 10 mg/ml of NaNO3 . These results clearly reflected the toxic effect of NO3 on spermatozoa and its capability in fertilization.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123148221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation the Safety and Quality of Ready-to-Eat Sandwiches: Short Communication","authors":"I. A. Bulushi","doi":"10.23880/act-16000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000263","url":null,"abstract":"Increase in the consumption of ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches, raises concerns about its microbial safety and quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbial safety and quality of different type of sandwiches. In total 60 of chicken shawarma (15), normal chicken (15), eggs (15) and meat (15) sandwiches were purchased from different cafes and evaluated microbiologically for total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts and incidence of Salmonella sp. The results showed that the total bacterial counts were 5.48±1.01, 5.53±1.11, 5.58±0.97 and 6.72±0.77 log10 CFU g−1 in the chicken shawarma, normal chicken, eggs and meat sandwiches respectively, whereas, the counts of Enterobacteriaceae in chicken shawarma, normal chicken, eggs and meat sandwiches were 3.56±1.02, 1.63±1.30, 2.48±1.76 and 3.64±1.81 log10 CFU g−1 respectively. Salmonella sp. was suspected in 10% of the sandwiches. In conclusion, all most sandwich types were found at satisfactory level except meat sandwiches which were found at marginal level. Microbial contamination and hygiene handling status indicated that almost all sandwich types were at marginal level except normal chicken sandwiches which were found at satisfactory level. Strictly implementation of food safety laws and further studies were recommended to clarify the safety and quality of the sandwiches.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123857616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling of Potential Zika Virus RNA polymerase Inhibitors Using Structure based Virtual Screening","authors":"Shoeb Ikhlas","doi":"10.23880/act-16000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000211","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and Microcephaly in infants. However, there is no currently approved antiviral drug against ZIKV. The 103-kDa NS5 protein is the largest ZIKV protein whose C-terminal portion has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and N-terminal RNA cap-processing activity (methyltransferase domain). Therefore, it is an important target for synthesis/discovery of novel anti-ZIKV drugs. A database consisting of 720 marine and plant derived compounds of South Africa was used for virtual screening against a potential inhibitor binding site of ZIKV’s NS5 protein. All its cataloged compounds were screened for their drug likeliness using Lipinski’s parameters. Thereafter, 200 selected compounds were used for virtual screening for their affinities for the target site. Finally, top 5 ligands were redocked to get a detailed insight into their interaction with conserved amino acids of the target site. An additional screening was mounted to filter out the potential toxic compounds among the top 5 likely candidates by AdmetSAR web-server. Two lead compounds, SANC00235 and SANC00257 fulfilled all the criteria laid down by us. These compounds can be potential candidates for further in vitro and in vivo studies in order to validate their anti-ZIKV activity.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128554161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity, Diets and Pollution","authors":"A. Viarengo","doi":"10.23880/act-16000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000220","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128866073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}