Advances in Clinical Toxicology最新文献

Impact and Correlation of Air Quality and Climate Variables with COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in Dhaka, Bangladesh 孟加拉国达卡空气质量和气候变量与COVID-19发病率和死亡率的影响和相关性

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 2020-09-13 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.12.20193086

Md. Riad Sarkar Pavel, A. Salam, Mahbuba Yesmin, N. Ahsan, Shahid Zaman, F. Jeba

{"title":"Impact and Correlation of Air Quality and Climate Variables with COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Riad Sarkar Pavel, A. Salam, Mahbuba Yesmin, N. Ahsan, Shahid Zaman, F. Jeba","doi":"10.1101/2020.09.12.20193086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.12.20193086","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly stopped the steady life and enhanced environmental quality. To apprehend the transmission of COVID-19 and the improvement of air quality, we have studied air quality indicators (PM2.5, PM10, AQI, and NO2), CO2 emission, and climate variables (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind velocity) in the extremely polluted and densely populated Southeast Asian megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh from March to June 2020. The Kendall and Spearman correlations were chosen to test the connotation of air quality and climate variables with COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and CO2 were 65.0 with STD of 37.9 and 87.1 with STD of 52.8 microgram m-3, and 427 with STD of 11.8 ppm, respectively. The average PM2.5 and PM10 drastically reduced up to 62% during COVID-19 lockdown in Dhaka comparing with March 2020 (before lockdown). Comparing with the same period in 2019, PM2.5 reduced up to 33.5%. The average NO2 concentration was 35.0 micromol m-2 during the lockdown period in April, whereas 175.0 micromol m-2 during March (before lockdown). A significant correlation was observed between COVID-19 cases and air quality indicators. A strong correlation was obtained between climate variables and the total number of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality representing a favorable condition for spreading the virus. Our study will be very expedient for policymakers to establish a mechanism for air pollution mitigation based on scientific substantiation, and also will be an essential reference for the advance research to improve urban air quality and the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the tropical nations.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Environmental Contamination of Pesticides and its Toxic Effects as Endocrine Disruptors 农药对环境的污染及其作为内分泌干扰物的毒性作用

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000268

Yasmín Morales O

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Changes in the Uptake of Heavy Metals in Leachate using Vetiver Phytoremediation 香根草植物修复对渗滤液中重金属吸收变化的评价

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000206

A. Rahnavard

{"title":"Evaluation of Changes in the Uptake of Heavy Metals in Leachate using Vetiver Phytoremediation","authors":"A. Rahnavard","doi":"10.23880/act-16000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000206","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of uptake of heavy metals from waste leachate to determine the amount of uptake of lead, cadmium, manganese and nickel by vetiver was performed in greenhouse conditions. This research it was performed Based on a completely random design in three replications with four treatments Includes leachate, 0, 30, 60 and 100%. Data analysis was performed with Spss 19 software, comparison of mean treatments with analysis of variance and Duncan test at 1 % probability level and plotting of graphs with Excel software. The results showed that the uptake of heavy metals by the plant, There is a significant difference at the 99% level. Also by increasing leachate treatment levels, Root and shoot length, There is a significant difference at the 99% level. And with increasing levels of leachate treatment, the uptake of heavy metals has increased. The highest root uptake was with an average of 200.21 mg/kg. And in the shoot, was 147.93 mg/ kg in a total of four treatments. The highest rate of heavy metal uptake was related to 100% treatment with a total of 225.25 mg/kg in roots and 178.87 mg/kg in shoots for four metals lead, cadmium, manganese and nickel. Among the heavy metals absorbed in the roots and shoots, the highest levels were related to manganese, nickel, lead and cadmium, respectively. And manganese with an average of 123.88 mg, lead 91.08, nickel 79.69 and cadmium 53.49.27 mg/kg had the highest uptake by the plant. Also the biological concentration factor was more than one and the translocation factor was less than one The results showed that vetiver can be used as a Phytoestablization plant to purify contaminants. Vetiver can be considered as a refining plant due to its vegetative characteristics and cost-effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115349952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

School Students’ Perceptions on Snakes, their Uses, and Snakebite in Nepal: Implications for Snake Conservation and Snakebite Prevention 尼泊尔学生对蛇、蛇的用途和蛇咬伤的认知:对蛇保护和蛇咬伤预防的启示

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000165

Pandey Dp

引用次数: 3

Alien Trace Metal Elements in the Body: Changes May Explain Recent Epidemics and Diseases 体内外来微量金属元素:变化可能解释最近的流行病和疾病

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000254

K. Schofield

{"title":"Alien Trace Metal Elements in the Body: Changes May Explain Recent Epidemics and Diseases","authors":"K. Schofield","doi":"10.23880/act-16000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000254","url":null,"abstract":"It is now well-known that many elements of the periodic table find a way into our bodies and have the potential for disturbing the delicate homeostasis (balance) of body chemistry. Nevertheless, in spite of the volume of research published in this area, only vague suppositions result concerning any involvements and little progress has been made concerning human health or addressing the preponderance of the innumerable epidemics that now are evident. This results from the inability for statistical analyses to be sufficiently precise to pinpoint specific causes. As a result, a simpler analysis is presented herein based on the premise that environmental chemical epidemics can only arise from an increased change. As a result, global diets and lifestyles have been examined in detail to establish items of change. Such a needed criteria in the recent decades poses strict requirements eliminating most candidates. Two areas of rapid growth in life-style changes clearly are evident and involve the diet of fish (sushi) (high methyl mercury) and the increase in medical vaccines (aluminum hydroxide). It is apparent that people now live never knowing whether they are at risk from these due to genetic susceptibilities. This is especially important for women of child-bearing years, where a fetus is always at high toxic risk levels. As a result, the availability of general population testing now is desperately needed especially for the neurotoxins, Hg, Al, As, and Pb, all alien species to the body together with Se that appears to be the body’s natural healthy chelator.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126700609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspectives of Toxicity Associated with Nanocarrier Systems 纳米载体系统毒性研究进展

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000222

R. Bhatia

{"title":"Perspectives of Toxicity Associated with Nanocarrier Systems","authors":"R. Bhatia","doi":"10.23880/act-16000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000222","url":null,"abstract":"The utility and diversified applications of various nanocarrier systems have led to the development of a wide variety of formulations with smart properties. Although these formulations offer several advantages over traditional delivery systems such as site-specific, time-dependent and controlled delivery of the medicaments but unfortunately the toxicological behavior of these has remained unexplored. There are several reports in the literature that have described the significant toxicity in major organs of animals. This toxicity has majorly associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevation/ reduction in biomarker levels, induction of apoptosis and several other molecular changes. In this short compilation, we have summarized some toxicity reports which have been based on pre-clinical evidences and attributed to multiple organs of animals. These include the kidney, heart, lungs, liver and GIT prominently. Also, we have made an attempt to highlight the mechanism of the reported toxicity along with the toxic dose. This compilation may be helpful to drug developers and researchers to understand these issues and to design newer strategies during formulation to bypass these complications.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123689240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Bases Alkylated by Branched Alkylating Agents Removed by Nucleotide Excision Repair or Base Excision Repair? 由支链烷基化剂烷基化的碱基是通过核苷酸切除修复还是碱基切除修复去除的?

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000243

Yu F Sasaki

引用次数: 0

Ecological and Health Assessment of Heavy Metals Present in the Soil of E-Waste Collection, Recycling and Dismantling Sites in the Region of DAKAR, Senegal 塞内加尔达喀尔地区电子废物收集、回收和拆解场所土壤中重金属的生态和健康评估

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000259

A. Touré

{"title":"Ecological and Health Assessment of Heavy Metals Present in the Soil of E-Waste Collection, Recycling and Dismantling Sites in the Region of DAKAR, Senegal","authors":"A. Touré","doi":"10.23880/act-16000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000259","url":null,"abstract":"Soil pollution from waste electrical and electronic equipment is a growing concern in Africa. The heavy metals contained in this waste are now one of the main sources of pollution and the handling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is increasingly a health and environmental concern. In Dakar, several handling points of this equipment were identified and our study investigated the presence of trace metals in the soil of e-waste handling sites in the Dakar region and about the spatial distribution of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, As, Hg and Mn according to the activity carried out on these sites. Three categories of activity were identified, namely collection, dismantling and recycling and a control site. The results show an abundance of metals for the collection and recycling sites which were such as Fe> Mn> Pb> Cu> Cr> Cd> As> Hg. In contrast, at the dismantling sites, the average total concentration of these elements was classified as Fe> Pb> Mn> Cu> Cr> As> Cd> Hg and that of the control site was Fe> Mn> Cu> Pb> Cr> Cd> As> Hg. The estimation of the potential ecological risk (Er) in relation to the control site shows an average risk coefficient for Fe, Mn and Cr below 40 for all sites, as well as for As in the collection and recycling sites and for Cu in the collection sites. Pb, Cd and Hg showed an average level of ecological “very high risk” for all sites and As also showed a “very high risk” for the dismantling sites for an ecological risk index of “Very high ecological risk” (RI> 600) for all sites associated with a non-carcinogenic risk greater than 1 for all site categories.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128190014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of 17α-Ethinylestradiol on the Intestinal Calcium Carbonate Excretion Rate of Yellow Fin Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus latus) 17α-炔雌醇对黄鳍鲷肠道碳酸钙排泄率的影响

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000240

N. Al Jandal

{"title":"Effect of 17α-Ethinylestradiol on the Intestinal Calcium Carbonate Excretion Rate of Yellow Fin Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus latus)","authors":"N. Al Jandal","doi":"10.23880/act-16000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000240","url":null,"abstract":"Marine fish maintain their hypotonic body fluids by drinking seawater, excreting excess salt, and retaining water. Calcium in seawater is precipitated as CaCO3 in marine fish gut to limit the Ca2+ availability for absorption from the ingested water to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis; this process is controlled by endocrine functions. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of the exposure to synthetic estrogen; ethinylestradiol (EE2), on the osmoregulation process (CaCO3 excretion rate from the intestine) and reproduction in the native fish species of Kuwait. The fish were exposed in a semi-static system to three treatments (control and 5 and 10 ng EE2/l of seawater) for two weeks, and then the terminal sampling was carried out. Blood samples were taken for vitellogenin (Vtg) analysis using Western blotting, dot blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Calcium carbonate samples were analysed for the excretion rate and showed no significant difference in treatments indicating that no effect on osmoregulation was observed. Water samples were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the concentration of EE2 in the exposure tanks, showing a 50% decrease in the nominal concentration after 24 h of exposure. Fish gonads and liver were dissected for histological examination, showing no obvious intersex in control and lowdose exposed group, whereas the high-dose exposed group showed signs of intersex. No Vtg was induced in the plasma and that could be due to many factors such as low concentrations received in the exposure tanks (2.3 and 4.9 ng/l), fish species, and exposure period. The hepatosomatic index showed no significant difference between treatments and the gonadosomatic index showed a significant difference between the control and high-dose group. Interesting results were obtained from IHC, where Vtg was localized in both treatments, although more Vtg was detected in higher-dose exposed fish for both tissues (liver and gonads).","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker to Assess Drinking in High - Risk Drink Drivers 碳水化合物缺乏转铁蛋白(CDT)作为评估高危酒后驾驶人饮酒的生物标志物

Advances in Clinical Toxicology Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/act-16000160

K. Wolff

{"title":"Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin (CDT) as a Biomarker to Assess Drinking in High - Risk Drink Drivers","authors":"K. Wolff","doi":"10.23880/act-16000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000160","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnostic value of biomarkers of alcohol consumption differs dependent upon the population under investigation. In this regard, clarification is needed in the choice of biomarker used to aid the medical assessor support a return to driving after a drink-driving offence. Blood samples were collected (5mL serum and 3.5mL whole blood EDTA) to measure carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT) as a biomarker of alcohol consumption compared to gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Subjects were recruited to reflect the characteristics of a high-risk drink driving community in the United Kingdom. The ICD-10 or the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to diagnose an alcohol use disorder. 358 participants were recruited: 165 seeking treatment for harmful use or alcohol dependence: 142 seeking treatment for liver, diabetes or obesity problems: and 51 social drinkers (controls). %CDT was able to identify drinking indicative of excessive alcohol intake significantly more accurately than other biomarkers (Z=-9.017, p<0.001). The positive predictive value for %CDT (+ve PPV 0.88) demonstrated the best diagnostic power when tested compared to GGT (+ve PPV 0.69), inclusive of confounders. When the whole study population was taken into account the sensitivity and specificity of %CDT for the diagnosis of excessive alcohol use remained unchanged (area under curve 0.91) whereas the diagnostic power of GGT was poorer (area under curve 0.80). %CDT was superior to GGT as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption (continuous drinking) when tested against a population that included diabetic, obese and patients with non-alcoholic liver disease: a data set which bests mimics those seen in the high-risk drink driving population.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115871657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1