Advances in Clinical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Is Genotoxicity of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists Due to Oxidative Stress Via Agonistic Pathways?","authors":"Y. Sasaki","doi":"10.23880/act-16000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000225","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the relationship between genotoxicity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonistic effects, we conducted two kinds of comet assays (cellular and acellular), a micronucleus (MN) test, and a TK mutation assay with and without PPAR antagonists using human lymphoblastoid cells. PPARα agonist clofibrate (CLF) and PPARγ agonists indomethacin (IND) and pioglitazone (PGZ) showed positive responses in the cellular comet assay, TK mutation assay, and detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), but not in the acellular comet assay and MN test. PPARα antagonist (GW6471) suppressed the induction of ROS, DNA damage, and TK mutation by CLF. PPARγ antagonist (BADGE) suppressed the induction of ROS, DNA damage, and TK mutation by IND and PGZ. Therefore, CLF and two PPARγ agonists (PGZ and IND) show genotoxicity by oxidative stress via PPARα and PPARγ agonistic pathways, respectively. Considering that some unrepaired DNA lesions induced by them persist to form gene mutations but not chromosome aberrations, there is a possibility that their genotoxic potential is due to mutagenic but not clastogenic potential by the production of ROS via agonistic pathway","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131040248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the Health of Wildlife and their Ecosystems in the Arctic: Hg Toxicology and Stable Isotope","authors":"Bonita H Dainowski","doi":"10.23880/act-16000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000233","url":null,"abstract":"A major survival issue affecting wildlife ecosystems globally is climate change. Climate change fluctuations impact not only atmospheric weather, but also river watersheds and oceans, the health of animal populations, and the health of ecosystems as a whole. Arctic wildlife sentinels can be used as a proxy to monitor both ecosystem health and the health of Arctic subsistence users. In addition to a changing climate, the Arctic is a region of increased activity by the international mining industry. This One Health based literature approach integrates principles of environmental science, forensics, anthropology, physiology and geology, which will focus on toxicology (Hg) and feeding ecology (stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N) of key terrestrial and marine mammal sentinel species. In the context of climate change, a forensic approach suggests a paleohealth (mercury) and paleodietary (isotopes) indicators in various animal tissues from museum samples as a baseline for future assessments of the impact of metals in food webs.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132766358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Mitochondria in Ozone Therapy","authors":"Francisco Peixoto","doi":"10.23880/act-16000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000247","url":null,"abstract":"Inhaled ozone can react with the biomolecules present in the epithelial lining fluid, causing the depletion of antioxidants. It can react with the surfactant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) present at the air-ELF interface to form several reactive oxygen species (ROS). High ozone exposure resulted in sustained ventricular tachycardia in male and female rats. Ozone can induce oxidative stress, alter some inflammatory factors in tissue, and induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. It is not surprising that the mitochondria could be putatively affected by ozone as this organelle is highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Exposure of blood to a few micrograms of ozone was shown to cause a decrease in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, as it caused a decline in ATP levels and an increase in the NADH/NAD+ ratio. It was also found that cytochrome-c-oxidase was almost wholly inhibited under these conditions. However, in a specific range of concentrations, ozone can induce a beneficial modulation in the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant systems. Some of the biological responses induced by ozone may be potentially suitable to become an active part of the various mechanisms of metabolic regulation, with positive effects on several pathologies. The therapeutic efficacy of ozone therapy may result from controlled and moderate oxidative stress produced by ozone’s reactions with various biological components. Although there is not enough data, there are indications that ozone may induce good responses in mitochondria.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133765753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of the Combination of a Systemic Enzyme Complex and Probiotics administration to Combat COVID-19: A Randomized Open Label Prospective Analysis","authors":"N. Shah","doi":"10.23880/act-16000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enzymes have been used for therapeutic applications for decades owing to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Probiotics are well known to reduce the incidence and severity of several health-related conditions. To our knowledge, no clinical trial has evaluated the effects of a combination of systemic enzyme and probiotic supplementation in Covid-19 patients infected with the SARSCoV-2 virus. Objective: We investigated the safety and efficacy of the health supplements ImmunoSEB (systemic enzyme complex) and ProbioSEB CSC3 (probiotic complex) as supplemental therapy in confirmed mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. Methods: A randomized, open label, 2-arm, prospective study in patients with an RT-PCR confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with a mild to moderate condition was conducted. The control arm (n=30) received standard of care (SOC) treatment and the test arm (n=30) received the oral supplements ImmunoSEB (500 mg/cap.) + ProbioSEB CSC3 (5 billion CFUs /cap.) for 14 days in addition to SOC. The efficacy and safety of the experimental regimen was compared with the control arm at various timepoints from days 1 to 21. Results: A significantly higher proportion of patients in the test arm showed clinical improvement on day 10 vs the controls (93.33% vs 60%; p<0.05). No adverse events were reported in the test arm at any time during the study suggesting the safety of supplementation with ImmunoSEB + ProbioSEB CSC3. Patients in the test arm also had a shorter duration of hospitalization, quicker recovery and faster reduction in CRP levels as compared to the control arm. Conclusions: The present study concludes that supplemental therapy with ImmunoSEB + ProbioSEB CSC3 accelerates clinical improvement in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. While there is no vaccine or specific drug to completely cure SARS CoV-2 infection, the proposed supplemental therapy could be a potential tool to aid in the recovery of COVID-19 of patients.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124573898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easiest and Accurate Confirmation of Early Pregnancy during Autopsy","authors":"Neelam Shrivastava, D. K. Satpathi, R. Khare","doi":"10.23880/act-16000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000215","url":null,"abstract":"One of the causes for suicide in young and unmarried females is relationship without wed-log which turns into pregnancy. Due to failure of relationship or to hide the condition and guilt, they commit suicide. Sometimes during autopsy, misdiagnosis of pregnancy in absence of pregnancy causes embarrassing and controversial scenarios to families. However, on the other side, often pregnancy findings are not detected in early pregnancy which leads escape of accused from punishment. Therefore, an accurate test of pregnancy is essential. In prevailing practice, size of uterus and corpusluteum are increased during pregnancy, which leads to definitive diagnosis. Nonetheless in early pregnancy, size of uterus and corpusluteum doesn’t increase considerably and findings are usually untraced. The proposed method is easy and confirmatory test for the same. It is done by examining either urine or blood serum for hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) of deceased by a hCG strip. Test result shows positive if deceased aborted pregnancy within 15 days of death.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114457967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial Effects of Achillea Millefolium and Aesculum Hippocastanum Extracts on Glutamate Excitotoxicity in the Primary Cultured Neurons","authors":"Okkay U","doi":"10.23880/act-16000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123447065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Drinking Purposes in the Seiyun Area, Hadramout, Yemen","authors":"Nada Mol","doi":"10.23880/act-16000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000218","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluates the groundwater quality for drinking purposes and determines physicochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Seiyun in Hadramout. In order to investigate the water quality, sampling was done, the chemical parameters were analyzed, and water quality index was determined. The analyzed physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, chloride, nitrate, and fluoride are used to characterize the groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking uses Results showed the pH range of 7.5-7.78, TDS 624-450 mg/L, CaCO3 364-305 mg/L calcium 98-66.8 mg/L, magnesium 25- 43.7 mg/L, bicarbonate 415 -317 mg/L, chloride 124-190 mg/L, iron 0.03- 0.99 mg/L, Nitrate 3.4-9.3mg/L, sulphate 170-105 mg/L. Most of the physicochemical parameters of the samples were within acceptable limits for human consumption purposes recommended by the WHO standard.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anemia Risk in Relation to Occupational and Environmental Lead Exposure among Inhabitants of Enyigba Lead-Zinc Mining Community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"Fred C Otuu","doi":"10.23880/act-16000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Environmental and occupational exposure to lead contamination is associated with numerous adverse health effects. This study brought forth the case of anemia risk in relation to occupational and environmental lead exposure among inhabitants of Enyigba lead-zinc mining community, in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: Blood samples (4mls) were collected from 150 consented participants, by venopuncture and preserved in plain vacutaner bottles. Blood-lead concentration was determined using FS 240AA atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Agilent Technology, USA) according to the method of American Public Health Association. The iron status (total iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, ferritin, total iron binding capacity, transferin) and hematological indices (hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) were determined according to standard methods. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire designed to reflect basic demographic features was administered to the subjects. Correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationships between blood lead concentrations and hematological indices, iron status and related confounders. Results: The mean blood lead concentrations (BPbC) of the participants were: occupationally–exposed, 42.30 ±10.90 µg/dl; environmentally-exposed, 28.66 ± 9.12µg/dl; Controls, 4.76 ±2.16 µg/dl. There were significant differences (p < 0.05 for each) between the blood lead concentrations of the exposed participants and the control. The mean blood iron concentrations (BFeC) of the participants were: occupationally exposed 29.54 ± 4.23 µg/dl; Environmentally-exposed, 41.97 ± 7.44µg/dl; Controls, 55.00 (23.19±23.19 µg/dl. There were significant differences (p < 0.05 for each) between the blood iron concentrations of the exposed participants and the control. There were significant negative correlations between blood lead concentration (BPbC) and each of the hematological indices: RBC (r = -0.165, p<0.05), Hb (r = -0.506, p<0.001), Hct (r = -0.478, p<0.001), MCV (r = -0.408, p<0.001), MCH (r = -0.397, p<0.001) as well as MCHC (r= -0.385, p<0.001). Conclusion: There was anemia risk in relation to occupational and environmental lead exposure among the inhabitants of the Enyigba lead-zinc mining community.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"9 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128256559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Investigations and Antioxidant Properties of Iris Kashmiriana Leaves Family-Iridaceae","authors":"Saima Ali","doi":"10.23880/act-16000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000188","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidants are nature’s way of protecting the body and cells from damaging free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that are generated by sun exposure, straks and a part of natural aging process, and prevent the process of oxidation. Our present experiment was to study some phytochemicals and identify the chloroform extract of Iris kashmiriana leaves. The antioxidant property was carried out by different methods like hydrogen peroxide method, scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Our experiment of chloroform extract method is more effective than other two methods. This study shows chloroform extract method of iris kashmirina leaves and is natural antioxidant and be very helpful in stopping the phenomenon of much oxidative tress.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127308832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency, Outcome and Socio-Demographic Factors of Common Unintentional Childhood Poisoning, from a Tertiary Health-Care Teaching Hospital of a Low-Income Setting","authors":"Abid Ali Jamali","doi":"10.23880/act-16000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/act-16000228","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poisoning ranked 2nd among commonest injury and 3rd most common pediatric ED visits. National health survey of Pakistan estimated 4.3% unintentional poising among children <5 years of age. Most studies focus on types of poisoning; only a few highlighted the factors associated with ingestion. We try to document factors behind common pediatric household unintentional poisoning from the largest tertiary care teaching hospital of the country. Methods: Descriptive case series study, with a questionnaire-based non-probability consecutive sampling, conducted at the ED of National Institute of Child Health (NICH), Karachi during 2017-2018. The sample size was 253. Inclusion criteria were children of either gender aged 12 or below with a clear history of unintentional ingestion of poison. Results: We found male predominance (52%) and the common age was below 5 years. Most children were exposed to poison either during the afternoon or by early evening (79.05%), and mother/caregiver was not present around the child in 68% of cases. In 79% of cases mothers either had tenth grade or below education. A joint family system was present in 84 % of cases. Poor family class was found in 49% of cases. The most commonly ingested poisons were drugs (33.78%). The majority of the children were admitted (60.09%). Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors have a significant effect on childhood poisoning and by addressing them we can decrease unintentional poisoning cases in children.","PeriodicalId":134434,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Clinical Toxicology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130122295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}