Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Musa acuminata Corm (Rhizome) for its Anti-diabetic Potential in Streptozotocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Model","authors":"Yahia Ali Kaabi","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.129","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background Information: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is spiking substantially in both emerging and developed countries and the use of a nutritional approach to diabetes control has recently attracted a lot of attention. The banana (Musa spp.) is ubiquitously favourite in the tropical areas of the world. The wild plant species Musa acuminata, also referred to as the Cavendish banana, is found in tropical and subtropical climates. The health advantages of M. acuminata have drawn a lot of attention in recent years. Every component of the plant has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases. While the anti-diabetic potential of various parts of Musa acuminata has been reported, the corm has not been extensively studied. Objectives: Considering the lack of data on the anti-diabetic potential of M. acuminata corm, we proposed to evaluate the same using a zebra fish model. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in zebrafish by intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (STZ). The fishes were maintained in 2% sucrose solution for 48 hr for induction of diabetes after which they were transferred to the respective treatment tanks containing the corm extract at 10, 20 or 30 µg/mL; on Day 8, they were all euthanized and used for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: Musa acuminata Corm Extract (MACE), at 10, 20 and 30 µg/mL caused significant glucose lowering action in diabetic zebra fish model. This is evident from the enzyme analysis. The histopathological analysis also revealed the enhanced growth of villi and increased number of goblet cells in the intestine of MACE treated group. Conclusion: The role of MACE in preventing diabetic complications like hypercholesteremia and hyperlipidaemia supports its claim that it can be used as an adjuvant or as an alternative to other diabetic medications. The precise mode of action of the antidiabetic potential of MACE identified in this study could not be completely deciphered at this point. Additional research is required to narrow down on the active phytoconstituents responsible for this effect and also the mechanism by which it exerts this effect. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Musa acuminata Corm Extract (MACE), Anti-diabetic, Zebra fish","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"1 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Development and Optimization of Buccal Tablet Containing Extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. for the Treatment of Asthma","authors":"Suruse PB Suruse, Gawali MB Gawali, Kalkotwar RS Kalkotwar, Bhabad RB Bhabad, Bagdane SB Bagdane, Barde LG Barde","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.121","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objectives: The aim of the study was to design, develop, and optimize the buccal tablets containing extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. for the treatment of asthma. Materials and Methods: Buccal tablets were made using the direct compression method, and screening tests with various polymers were run to see how they affected the properties of the tablets. The utilisation of response surface methods, two polymer types, carbopol® and HPMC, were chosen for additional optimization research. Strength of mucoadhesion and % two significant responses that the drug permeated after 8 hr from the buccal mucosa were chosen. By using a swelling index analysis, the profiles and kinetics of in vitro drug release were examined. Results: The Terminalia chebula Retz. content in buccal tablets was determined to be 99.14±0.44%, and a DSC analysis showed that there was no chemical interaction between the ingredients of the tablet (8 g carbopol 934 and 20 g HPMC K15 made up the optimal formulation). After 8 hr of in vitro dissolving studies, a cumulative Terminalia chebula Retz. release of 90% was reached, which was confirmed by swelling analysis. Conclusion: The findings suggested that Terminalia chebula Retz's. optimised buccal tablets would be a promising and different delivery method for the treatment of asthma. Keywords: Terminalia chebula Retz., Buccal tablet, HPMC K15, Optimization, Carbopol, DoE","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Ruscogenin against Cognitive Impairment on Pentylenetetrazole-induced Epileptic Seizures in Rats","authors":"Qiaoli Ma, Hesham S Almoallim, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Thamaraiselvan Rengarajan","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.128","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Epilepsy, which affects about 1% of the world's population, is the third most common neurological disease after stroke and Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures due to abnormal neuronal excitability and hypersynchrony. Objectives: The current work was aimed at discovering the neuroprotective properties of ruscogenin against Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in rats. Materials and Methods: The epileptic episode was induced in the rats by injecting 45 mg/kg of PTZ. Rats were pretreated with 10 mg/ kg of ruscogenin 30 min before the PTZ challenge. The seizure severity and latency were assessed in the control and experimental rats. The status of oxidative markers, inflammatory cytokines, and neurotransmitters was examined using the corresponding assay kits. The histopathological analysis was done on the brain tissues of the experimental rats. The viability of control and treated neural SHSY-5Y cells was assessed with the MTT assay. Results: The ruscogenin treatment effectively reduced the seizure severity and augmented the latency in the epilepsy rats. The levels of Nitric Oxide (NO) and NO syntheses were effectively reduced in the brain tissues of epilepsy rats by the ruscogenin treatment. Ruscogenin decreased the oxidative index and increased the antioxidant index in the brain tissues of epilepsy rats. The levels of neurotransmitters were increased, and inflammatory cytokines were decreased in the epileptic rats by the ruscogenin. The results of histopathological analysis demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of ruscogenin. The viability of PTZ-challenged neural SHSY-5Y cells was increased by the ruscogenin treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current results revealed that pretreatment with ruscogenin decreased the PTZ-induced epilepsy in rats by exerting its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it may be concluded that ruscogenin may be a possible therapeutic option to treat epilepsy. Keywords: Seizure, Gammaaminobutyric acid, Nitric oxide synthase, Ruscogenin, SHSY-5Y cells.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Pharmacology Concepts on Medical Representative Sales Outcomes and Corporate Equity","authors":"Sunil S Chiplunkar, Shivakumar HG Shivakumar, Meghana Meghana GS, D Vishkanthe Gowda","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.143","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aim: To understand pharmacological concepts, usefulness for Medical Representatives' sales outcomes, and corporate brand equity outcomes. Background: Teams of medical representatives are deployed by pharmaceutical companies for drug promotion. Pharmaceutical selling is a significant job creator in India – an estimated six lakh plus medical representatives/field personnel are employed in this sector. The Life Sciences Sector Skills Development Council (LSSSDC) has also laid down National Occupational Standards (NOS) for the medical representative job function. The medical representative is a crucial link to the market for pharmaceutical companies involved in drug promotion and making products available. A vital role of the medical representative is to create product presentations by detailing and providing collaterals. In detailing and collateral content, pharmacology talking points are crucial. In this study, we gather feedback through a questionnaire based on a Likert scale from doctors, pharmacists, medical representatives, and field managers (total sample = 1008) regarding the pharmacology talking points. Materials and Methods: The present survey analyzes the influence of pharmacological concepts with doctors, pharmacists, field managers, and medical representatives on sales outcomes. To develop a pharmacological model for product promotion based on the type of product (novel, new and old), niche, and mass me-too brand). Successful pharmaceutical marketing is the key to product and therapy success. Conclusion: This study reiterates the importance of pharmacology in pharmaceutical product promotion and its benefits to the pharmaceutical company for improved corporate image and sales outcomes. Keywords: Pharmacology, Posology, Novel new products, Niche products, Me-too mass products, Drug promotion.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antioxidant and Oxidative Stress Activity of Carthamus tinctorius L. Extract in Lung Cancer A549 Cells","authors":"Tahani Awad Alahmadi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Balasubramani Ravindran, Karunakaran Saravanan","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.134","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: C. tinctorius (safflower) natural food colorant and has been used to control high blood pressure, supress oxidation, cancer immunosuppressive drug, inhibits blood clots, dilate blood vessels, and as neuroprotective agents. Several investigations indicate the relationship between oxidative processes and emergence of cancer. The current investigation data confirms the antiproliferative activity of Safflower against A549 cancer cell line but little is known about their antioxidant mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Nitric Oxide (NO) and Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) levels were measured in order to explore the antioxidant properties of safflower extract. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), reduced Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were measured by UV-spectrophotometric analysis. Further, apoptotic key regulator BAX and SMAC gene expression were also analysed. Results: The dose-dependent antioxidant activity of Safflower extract induced apoptosis in A549 cells. There was significant increase in LPO, NO, LDH, SOD and CAT (*p < 0.0001) activities except GSH. Our data confirmed that safflower treated A549 cells inhibits the oxidation by scavenging free radicals and induced apoptosis by increased gene expression BAX and SMAC. Conclusion: The current findings indicates safflower extract might be potential alternative medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. Keywords: Safflower, Antioxidant, Anti-cancer, Lipid Peroxidase, Nitric Oxide, Polymerase Chain Reaction.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Studies of Moxifloxacin with Anti-diabetic Drugs and Application of RP-HPLC in Analysis","authors":"Sania Bashir, Fatima Qamar, Safila Naveed, Syeda Zainab, Halima Sadia, Aisha Sana, Wajeeha Muzafar","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aim: Simple RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Glimepiride, Glibenclamide and Moxifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparation. Materials and Methods: Mediterranean C18 column with dimensions of 150mm×4.6mm was used with HPLC Shimadzu_ LC-20 AT model, Version 1:62 is used for processing of chromatograms at room temperature (25± 2°C). 1 mL per minute was the flow rate and detector were set at 254nm with mobile Phase consisting of 85:10:5 v/v methanol: water: acetonitrile. Results: The developed method proved to be accurate, simple, effective precise and reproducible. One way ANOVA was also applied for further confirmation of the results. Conclusion: The method is applicable for the routine analysis of drugs in API and in formulation and for studying in vitro interaction studies. Keywords: Moxifloxacin, Glimepiride, Glibenclamide, in vitro interaction studies","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in silico Protective Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Nicotine-treated Human Erythrocytes (Preliminary Studies)","authors":"Ohoud Saeed S Alamri, Uzma Faridi","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objectives: Nicotine is one of the most addictive naturally occurring drugs and is commonly found in tobacco products. Tobacco products are one of the most common causes of lung and oral cancer all over the world. As the main organ in contact with nicotine is the blood, our aim in the present study was to confirm its effect on the blood, We also studied the protective role of ascorbic acid on nicotine toxicity. Materials and Methods: Different blood toxicity study-related experiments such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity in erythrocytes were carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. Results and Conclusion: The results demonstrated that nicotine harms red blood cells in the lysis assay as well as the formation of clots in nicotine-treated samples in the blood clotting analysis. Also, the in silico method proved the validity of the in vitro results. Our research shows that ascorbic acid has protective effects on human blood. It was found that ascorbic acid increases SOD, catalase, and total antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid also reduced the damage caused by nicotine to Red Blood Cells (RBCs) in the lysis assay, and it showed high protection from the formation of clots that formed when treating the samples with nicotine. The results indicate that the antioxidant ascorbic acid can protect against nicotine-induced hemological damage. Keywords: Nicotine, in silico, in vitro, Ascorbic acid, Erythrocytes, Antioxidant","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Composite Design Assisted Formulation Development and Optimization of Gastroretentive Floating Tablets of Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide","authors":"Haranath Chinthaginjala, Hindustan Abdul Ahad, Sainath Kethandapatti Srinivasa, Srihith Roy Yaparla, Snehitha Buddadasari, Junaid Abul Hassan, Sai Sree Pullaganti","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Objectives: The existing study is concerned with the formulation and optimization of dextromethorphan hydrobromide floating tablets via central composite design. Materials and Methods: Direct compression method was employed to prepare the tablets. Drug -excipient studies were executed through FT-IR and DSC analysis. The independent variables selected were the concentrations of Carbopol 934 (X1 ) and HPMC K15M (X2 ). The dependent variables designated were Floating Lag Time (FLT) and Drug Release (DR) at 12 hr. The model was found to be nonlinear and the curvature effect was significant. Hence, the system suggested to central composite design. Results: FT-IR studies demonstrated that there is no considerable interaction amid the drug and the excipients. DSC studies revealed that drug and excipient were compatible as there is no significant alteration in melting point of drug when blended with excipients. The precompression parameters of the formulations showed good flow properties. The evaluation of post compression parameters indicated that all the prepared formulations were within the specified limits. Floating lag time of formulations were marked to be less than 1 min and total floating time exceeding 12 hr. Percentage drug release of all formulations were in the range of 89.7% to 99.4%. The obtained design space/contour plots were used for selecting batches in desirable ranges. Conclusion: The results revealed that experimental design was successfully used to optimize polymer concentrations. It was determined that the central composite design would be used to formulate dextromethorphan gastroretentive floating tablets with fewer trials and higher quality features. Keywords: Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Carbopol, HPMC, Central Composite design, Floating lag time.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotherapeutic Potential of Lactobacillus Probiotic Strains on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm in Dental Caries–Pathogenesis Revisited","authors":"Vaishnavi Vedam, Gokul Shankar Sabesan, Arun Kumar Adhikary, Subramani Parasuraman","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.117","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This review gives an insight on the anticariogenic role of each of the individual strains of Lactobacillus probiotics on Streptococcus mutans bacterium associated with dental caries and also attempts to emphasize the commercially approved oral probiotic products using Lactobacillus strains exclusively, against dental caries. Probiotics in bacteriotherapy have been an emerging strategy in the management of ‘Dental caries’. Probiotics, protect the tooth surfaces from the competing microbial pathogens in the mouth. Lactobacillus species despite its acidogenicity has taken a breakthrough in the intervention of dental caries due to its acid buffering capacity with dairy product administration and as late colonizers for dental caries. This article compiled the pathogenesis of individual Lactobacillus strains of probiotics in a well-illustrated manner on S. mutans and also the list of the commercial products of oral probiotics with exclusive lactobacillus strains on S. mutans and its effect on dentistry. Probiotic formulations and recent strategies with future perspectives are emphasized. Also, the role of individual Lactobacillus strains and the associated commercial products against dental caries have been compiled to give additional knowledge regarding the changing strategic approach towards dental caries from the laboratory and clinician point of view. Restorative treatment strategies for dental caries act against both disease causing microbial species and commensal of the oral cavity resulting in undesirable adverse effects. As there is a need to switch to probiotics as a natural therapeutic approach, this review has sheds light on proposed pathogenesis, commercial products and future perspective that will promote researchers to work on new Lactobacillus probiotic formulations with greater efficacy in overcoming the emerging multispecies generating with time in caries. Keywords: Biofilm, Dental caries, Lactobacillus, Probiotics, Streptococcus mutans.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Hands-on Inquiry Learning in Physical Chemistry Teaching Practice to Improve Teaching Quality","authors":"Xiaojun Deng, Jingfeng Zhao, Qinqin Tian, Haibo Wang","doi":"10.5530/ijper.57.4.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.4.140","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Background: Physical chemistry is an important theoretical basic course that supports the development of medicine and pharmacies. Physical chemistry teaching is usually a process of traditional teaching and passive acceptance. The teaching method is singular, and students lack an interest and the ability of autonomous learning. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the application of a hands-on inquiry learning strategy blending independent learning based on information resources flipped classroom teaching, the student-centered micro class auxiliary teaching mode in physical chemistry courses to improve student learning outcomes and develop active learning ability. Materials and Methods: Eighteen students in the experimental pharmacy major class, grade 2020, were recruited to study in a physical chemistry course that applies hands-on inquiry learning. Formative and summative evaluation were used to evaluate the students' achievements related to active learning goals. After the study was completed, a survey was administered to demongstrate the teaching results. Results: Student hands-on inquiry learning performance was positively correlated with the final scores. The results show that comprehensive scores of students of 2020 grade (experimental group) are significantly better than grade 2019 students (control group); in particular, the theoretical scores of 2020 grade students are better, and the data are significantly different. The questionnaire showed that most students believed that hands-on inquiry learning strategy blending independent learning improved their high-level cognitive skills and enhances their social cohesion and sense of responsibility. Conclusion: The hands-on inquiry teaching strategy developed in this study effectively improved students' performance in formative and summative assessment, and provided a reference basis and informative entry point for the implementation of active learning strategy in higher pharmaceutical education. Keywords: Hands-on inquiry learning, Higher pharmacy education, Active learning, Teaching strategy, Problem-based learning.","PeriodicalId":13407,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}