Biological Reviews最新文献

{"title":"How life became colourful: colour vision, aposematism, sexual selection, flowers, and fruits","authors":"John J. Wiens,&nbsp;Zachary Emberts","doi":"10.1111/brv.13141","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plants and animals are often adorned with potentially conspicuous colours (e.g. red, yellow, orange, blue, purple). These include the dazzling colours of fruits and flowers, the brilliant warning colours of frogs, snakes, and invertebrates, and the spectacular sexually selected colours of insects, fish, birds, and lizards. Such signals are often thought to utilize pre-existing sensitivities in the receiver's visual systems. This raises the question: what was the initial function of conspicuous colouration and colour vision? Here, we review the origins of colour vision, fruit, flowers, and aposematic and sexually selected colouration. We find that aposematic colouration is widely distributed across animals but relatively young, evolving only in the last ~150 million years (Myr). Sexually selected colouration in animals appears confined to arthropods and chordates, and is also relatively young (generally &lt;100 Myr). Colourful flowers likely evolved ~200 million years ago (Mya), whereas colourful fruits/seeds likely evolved ~300 Mya. Colour vision (<i>sensu lato</i>) appears to be substantially older, and likely originated ~400–500 Mya in both arthropods and chordates. Thus, colour vision may have evolved long before extant lineages with fruit, flowers, aposematism, and sexual colour signals. We also find that there appears to have been an explosion of colour within the last ~100 Myr, including &gt;200 origins of aposematic colouration across nine animal phyla and &gt;100 origins of sexually selected colouration among arthropods and chordates.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"308-326"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the multifaceted molecular functions and diverse disease implications of lactylation","authors":"Fengyang Jing,&nbsp;Jianyun Zhang,&nbsp;Heyu Zhang,&nbsp;Tiejun Li","doi":"10.1111/brv.13135","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, a significant breakthrough has emerged in biology, the identification of lactylation, a novel post-translational process. This intriguing modification is not limited to a specific class of proteins but occurs across a diverse range, including histones, signalling molecules, enzymes, and substrates. It can exert a broad regulatory role in various diseases, ranging from developmental anomalies and neurodegenerative disorders to inflammation and cancer. Thus, it presents exciting opportunities for exploring innovative treatment approaches. As a result, there has been a recent surge of research interest, leading to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory functions underlying lactylation within physiological and pathological processes. Here, we review the detection and molecular mechanisms of lactylation, from biological functions to disease effects, providing a systematic overview of the mechanisms and functions of this post-translational modification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"172-189"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of invertebrates on wood decomposition across the world","authors":"Denis M. Njoroge,&nbsp;Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa,&nbsp;Douglas Schaefer,&nbsp;Juan Zuo,&nbsp;Michael D. Ulyshen,&nbsp;Sebastian Seibold,&nbsp;Amy E. Zanne,&nbsp;Brad Oberle,&nbsp;Rhett D. Harrison,&nbsp;Shengjie Liu,&nbsp;Xiaobo Li,&nbsp;Tone Birkemoe,&nbsp;Melanie K. Taylor,&nbsp;Philip J. Burton,&nbsp;David B. Lindenmayer,&nbsp;Jari Kouki,&nbsp;Yagya Adhikari,&nbsp;Johannes H. C. Cornelissen","doi":"10.1111/brv.13134","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Invertebrates and microorganisms are important but climate-dependent agents of wood decomposition globally. In this meta-analysis, we investigated what drives the invertebrate effect on wood decomposition worldwide. Globally, we found wood decomposition rates were on average approximately 40% higher when invertebrates were present compared to when they were excluded. This effect was most pronounced in the tropics, owing mainly to the activities of termites. The invertebrate effect was stronger for woody debris without bark as well as for that of larger diameter, possibly reflecting bark- and diameter-mediated differences in fungal colonisation or activity rates relative to those of invertebrates. Our meta-analysis shows similar overall invertebrate effect sizes on decomposition of woody debris derived from angiosperms and gymnosperms globally. Our results suggest the existence of critical interactions between microorganism colonisation and the invertebrate contribution to wood decomposition. To improve biogeochemical models, a better quantification of invertebrate contributions to wood decomposition is needed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"158-171"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewilded horses in European nature conservation – a genetics, ethics, and welfare perspective","authors":"Lilla Lovász,&nbsp;Carolin Sommer-Trembo,&nbsp;Julia M.I. Barth,&nbsp;John D. Scasta,&nbsp;Ralitsa Grancharova-Hill,&nbsp;Rhys T. Lemoine,&nbsp;Viola Kerekes,&nbsp;Léa Merckling,&nbsp;Amos Bouskila,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning,&nbsp;Antoine Fages","doi":"10.1111/brv.13146","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent decades, the integration of horses (<i>Equus ferus</i>) in European rewilding initiatives has gained widespread popularity due to their potential for regulating vegetation and restoring natural ecosystems. However, employing horses in conservation efforts presents important challenges, which we here explore and discuss. These challenges encompass the lack of consensus on key terms inherent to conservation and rewilding, the entrenched culture and strong emotions associated with horses, low genetic diversity and high susceptibility to hereditary diseases in animals under human selection, as well as insufficient consideration for the social behaviour of horses in wild-living populations. In addition, management of wild-living horses involves intricate welfare, ethics and legislative dimensions. Anthropocentric population-control initiatives may be detrimental to horse group structures since they tend to prioritise individual welfare over the health of populations and ecosystems. To overcome these challenges, we provide comprehensive recommendations. These involve a systematic acquisition of genetic information, a focus on genetic diversity rather than breed purity and minimal veterinary intervention in wild-living populations. Further, we advise allowing for natural top-down and bottom-up control – or, if impossible, simulating this by culling or non-lethal removal of horses – instead of using fertility control for population management. We advocate for intensified collaboration between conservation biologists and practitioners and enhanced communication with the general public. Decision-making should be informed by a thorough understanding of the genetic makeup, common health issues and dynamics, and social behaviour in wild-living horse populations. Such a holistic approach is essential to reconcile human emotions associated with horses with the implementation of conservation practices that are not only effective but also sustainable for the long-term viability of functional, biodiverse ecosystems, while rehabilitating the horse as a widespread wild-living species in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"407-427"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the function and origin of the avian renal portal shunt and its potential significance throughout evolution","authors":"Kobe Buyse,&nbsp;Koen Stein,&nbsp;Ward De Spiegelaere,&nbsp;Pieter Cornillie,&nbsp;Marcus Clauss,&nbsp;Geert P.J. Janssens","doi":"10.1111/brv.13144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All birds possess a unique venous architecture surrounding the kidneys known as the renal portal system. In veterinary medicine, this system is well known for causing a first-pass effect when medication is administered parenterally <i>via</i> the leg veins, that is venous blood from the leg is filtered before entering general circulation, thus possibly compromising adequate dosage. Additionally, bilateral valves are present in these veins, and it has been hypothesized that they play a crucial role in regulating flow through the kidneys to protect them against increases in blood pressure. While this hypothesis has been acknowledged, it has not been thoroughly explored. We propose that the function of the renal portal valve extends beyond its significance for kidney function, potentially impacting general hemodynamics. Examining anatomical similarities with extant non-avian reptiles, which lack the renal portal shunt with valve, could reveal additional functionalities of this system in birds. Given the endothermic metabolism and the energetically expensive locomotor activity of birds, the resistance of the hepatic and renal portal system might constrain the blood flow from splanchnic to non-splanchnic blood vessels necessary for (sustained) peak performance. Therefore, diverting blood from the renal portal system using the renal portal valve as a regulatory structure might represent a key adaptation to facilitate sustained peak performance. In addition, we hypothesize that this shunt and valve represents a very early adaptation in amniotes, possibly lost in extant non-avian reptiles but enhanced in birds, with a pivotal role in maintaining hemodynamic homeostasis to support the high metabolic rates characteristic of birds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving global change: a review of the impacts of drought and dewatering on freshwater mussels","authors":"Kiara C. Cushway,&nbsp;Juergen Geist,&nbsp;Astrid N. Schwalb","doi":"10.1111/brv.13142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves caused by climate change poses a major threat to biodiversity. In aquatic systems, sedentary species such as freshwater mussels are generally considered more vulnerable to changes in habitat conditions than mobile species such as fish. As mussels provide important ecosystem services, understanding the impacts of drought on freshwater mussels is of particular importance for the management of overall functioning of aquatic ecosystems. We used a comprehensive literature search to provide a systematic overview of direct and indirect effects of drought on freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) and an evaluation of mitigation strategies. We found that drought studies were concentrated mostly in the USA, with a focus on the Unionidae family. Topics ranged from the physiological effects of high temperatures, emersion, and hypoxia/anoxia to behavioural and reproductive consequences of drought and the implications for biotic interactions and ecosystem services. Studies spanned all levels of biological organization, from individual responses to population- and community-level impacts and ecosystem-wide effects. We identified several knowledge gaps, including a paucity of trait-based evaluation of drought consequences, limited understanding of thermal and desiccation tolerance at the species level, and the synergistic effects of multiple drought stressors on mussels. Although we found many studies provided suggestions concerning management of populations, habitat conditions, and anthropogenic water use, a systematic approach and testing of recommended mitigation strategies is largely lacking, creating challenges for managers aiming to conserve freshwater mussel communities and populations in light of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"275-307"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-verbal effecting – animal research sheds light on human emotion communication","authors":"Annett Schirmer,&nbsp;Ilona Croy,&nbsp;Katja Liebal,&nbsp;Stefan R. Schweinberger","doi":"10.1111/brv.13140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cracking the non-verbal “code” of human emotions has been a chief interest of generations of scientists. Yet, despite much effort, a dictionary that clearly maps non-verbal behaviours onto <i>meaning</i> remains elusive. We suggest this is due to an over-reliance on language-related concepts and an under-appreciation of the evolutionary context in which a given non-verbal behaviour emerged. Indeed, work in other species emphasizes non-verbal <i>effects</i> (e.g. affiliation) rather than meaning (e.g. happiness) and differentiates between signals, for which communication benefits both sender and receiver, and cues, for which communication does not benefit senders. Against this backdrop, we develop a “non-verbal effecting” perspective for human research. This perspective extends the typical focus on facial expressions to a broadcasting of multisensory signals and cues that emerge from both social and non-social emotions. Moreover, it emphasizes the consequences or effects that signals and cues have for individuals and their social interactions. We believe that re-directing our attention from verbal emotion labels to non-verbal effects is a necessary step to comprehend scientifically how humans share what they feel.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"245-257"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global assessment of large terrestrial carnivore kill rates","authors":"Luke D. Emerson,&nbsp;Heiko U. Wittmer,&nbsp;L. Mark Elbroch,&nbsp;Kristal Kostoglou,&nbsp;Kimberley J. Bannister,&nbsp;Jared J. Psaila,&nbsp;Desley Whisson,&nbsp;Euan G. Ritchie","doi":"10.1111/brv.13143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13143","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Through killing and instilling fear in their prey, large terrestrial carnivores shape the structure and function of ecosystems globally. Most large carnivore species have experienced severe range and population declines due to human activities, and many are now threatened with extinction. Consequently, the impacts of these predators on food webs have been diminished or lost completely from many ecosystems. Kill rates provide a fundamental metric for understanding large carnivore ecology and assessing and comparing predation within and across ecological communities. Our systematic review of large terrestrial mammalian carnivore kill rates reveals significant positive geographic (North America, Europe, and Africa) and taxonomic (grey wolf &lt;i&gt;Canis lupus&lt;/i&gt;, puma &lt;i&gt;Puma concolor&lt;/i&gt;, lion &lt;i&gt;Panthera leo&lt;/i&gt;, and Eurasian lynx &lt;i&gt;Lynx lynx&lt;/i&gt;) bias, with most studies apparently motivated by human–carnivore conflict over access to ungulate prey and wildlife management objectives. Our current understanding of the behaviour and functional roles of many large carnivore species and populations thus remains limited. By synthesising and comparing kill rates, we show that solitary carnivores (e.g. brown bears &lt;i&gt;Ursus arctos&lt;/i&gt; and most felids) exhibit higher &lt;i&gt;per capita&lt;/i&gt; kill rates than social carnivores. However, ungulate predation by bears is typically limited to predation of neonates during a short period. Lower &lt;i&gt;per capita&lt;/i&gt; kill rates by social carnivores suggests group living significantly reduces energetic demands, or, alternatively, that group-living carnivores defend and consume a greater proportion of large prey carcasses, or may acquire more food through other means (e.g. scavenging, kleptoparasitism) than solitary hunters. Kill and consumption rates for Canidae – measured as kilograms of prey per kilogram of carnivore per day – are positively correlated with body mass, consistent with increasing energy costs associated with a cursorial hunting strategy. By contrast, ambush predators such as felids show an opposite trend, and thus the potential energetic advantage of an ambush hunting strategy for carnivores as body mass increases. Additionally, ungulate kill rates remain relatively constant across solitary felid body sizes, indicative of energetic constraints and optimal foraging. Kill rate estimates also reveal potential insights into trophic structuring within carnivore guilds, with subordinate carnivores often killing more than their larger counterparts, which may be indicative of having to cope with food losses to scavengers and dominant competitors. Subordinate carnivores may thus serve an important role in provisioning food to other trophic levels within their respective ecosystems. Importantly, kill rates also clarify misconceptions around the predatory behaviour of carnivores (e.g. spotted hyaenas &lt;i&gt;Crocuta crocuta&lt;/i&gt; and wolverines &lt;i&gt;Gulo gulo&lt;/i&gt; are often considered scavengers rather than the capable hunters that t","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"327-350"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.13143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological interactions in glacier environments: a review of studies on a model Alpine glacier","authors":"Arianna Crosta,&nbsp;Barbara Valle,&nbsp;Marco Caccianiga,&nbsp;Mauro Gobbi,&nbsp;Francesco Gentile Ficetola,&nbsp;Francesca Pittino,&nbsp;Andrea Franzetti,&nbsp;Roberto Sergio Azzoni,&nbsp;Valeria Lencioni,&nbsp;Antonella Senese,&nbsp;Luca Corlatti,&nbsp;Jakub Buda,&nbsp;Ewa Poniecka,&nbsp;Tereza Novotná Jaroměřská,&nbsp;Krzysztof Zawierucha,&nbsp;Roberto Ambrosini","doi":"10.1111/brv.13138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glaciers host a variety of cold-adapted taxa, many of which have not yet been described. Interactions among glacier organisms are even less clear. Understanding ecological interactions is crucial to unravelling the functioning of glacier ecosystems, particularly in light of current glacier retreat. Through a review of the existing literature, we aim to provide a first overview of the biodiversity, primary production, trophic networks, and matter flow of a glacier ecosystem. We use the Forni Glacier (Central Italian Alps) – one of the best studied alpine glaciers in the world – as a model system for our literature review and integrate additional original data. We reveal the importance of allochthonous organic matter inputs, of Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic green algae in primary production, and the key role of springtails (<i>Vertagopus glacialis</i>) on the glacier surface in sustaining populations of two apex terrestrial predators: <i>Nebria castanea</i> (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and <i>Pardosa saturatior</i> (Araneae: Lycosidae). The cryophilic tardigrade <i>Cryobiotus klebelsbergi</i> is the apex consumer in cryoconite holes. This short food web highlights the fragility of nodes represented by invertebrates, contrasting with structured microbial communities in all glacier habitats. Although further research is necessary to quantify the ecological interactions of glacier organisms, this review summarises and integrates existing knowledge about the ecological processes on alpine glaciers and supports the importance of glacier-adapted organisms in providing ecosystem services.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"227-244"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptic species conservation: a review","authors":"Daniel Hending","doi":"10.1111/brv.13139","DOIUrl":"10.1111/brv.13139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cryptic species are groups of two or more taxa that were previously classified as single nominal species. Being almost morphologically indistinguishable, cryptic species have historically been hard to detect. Only through modern morphometric, genetic, and molecular analyses has the hidden biodiversity of cryptic species complexes been revealed. Cryptic diversity is now widely acknowledged, but unlike more recognisable, charismatic species, scientists face additional challenges when studying cryptic taxa and protecting their wild populations. Demographical and ecological data are vital to facilitate and inform successful conservation actions, particularly at the individual species level, yet this information is lacking for many cryptic species due to their recent taxonomic description and lack of research attention. The first part of this article summarises cryptic speciation and diversity, and explores the numerous barriers and considerations that conservation biologists must navigate to detect, study and manage cryptic species populations effectively. The second part of the article seeks to address how we can overcome the challenges associated with efficiently and non-invasively detecting cryptic species <i>in-situ</i>, and filling vital knowledge gaps that are currently inhibiting applied conservation. The final section discusses future directions, and suggests that large-scale, holistic, and collaborative approaches that build upon successful existing applications will be vital for cryptic species conservation. This article also acknowledges that sufficient data to implement effective species-specific conservation will be difficult to attain for many cryptic animals, and protected area networks will be vital for their conservation in the short term.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":"100 1","pages":"258-274"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}