Biological Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The plastisphere as a nexus for antimicrobial resistance: micro(nano)plastics in pathogen colonization, gene transfer, and global health risks.","authors":"Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi, Syeda Mutyyeba Batool, Paolo Pastorino, Damià Barcelò, Hans-Peter Grossart, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Zulqarnain Haider Khan, Muhammad Azeem, Gang Li","doi":"10.1002/brv.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have emerged as pervasive vectors of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with the plastisphere being a microbial niche on plastic surfaces acting as a nexus for pathogen colonization, gene transfer, and global health risks. These particles adsorb antibiotics, transport pathogens, and serve as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), fostering pathogen-ARG coevolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) through biofilm-mediated mechanisms. Despite their recognized role in AMR dissemination, critical gaps persist in understanding how environmental stressors (e.g. salinity, pH) modulate plastisphere dynamics and socioeconomic disparities in exposure. This review synthesizes evidence positioning MPs/NPs as triple threats: microbial habitats, ARG reservoirs, and HGT conduits. We also discuss synergistic interactions of plastisphere biofilms with antibiotics to amplify selective pressures, enabling resistance dissemination across ecosystems and food chains, thereby escalating global health risks. Current research lacks mechanistic insights into real-world plastisphere interactions and longitudinal data linking MPs/NPs to clinical AMR outcomes. We propose actionable One Health strategies including artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced surveillance, circular economy frameworks, and pathogen-resistant biodegradable polymers to disrupt the plastisphere-driven AMR nexus. Our synthesis underscores the urgency of integrating environmental science, epidemiology, and policy to mitigate risks to ecological and human resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"2007-2032"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancestral iconicity: the dance language of bees revisited.","authors":"Philippe Schlenker, Jonathan Lamberton, Nur Lan, Jason Lamberton, Carlo Geraci, Ambre Salis, Lucie Ravaux, Christoph Grüter, Robin J Ryder, Emmanuel Chemla","doi":"10.1002/brv.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The waggle dance of bees has given rise to some of the most striking and detailed studies of animal communication. But because of its gradient character, the waggle dance has widely been taken to have properties that are wholly distinct from those of human language. We argue that this is mistaken, and that the waggle dance represents the oldest instantiation of an iconic system also found in human language, notably in sign language. The waggle dance helps bees locate a food source through four properties: (1) food distance is conveyed through the duration of the waggling phase; and (2) food direction is conveyed through the orientation of the waggle run. In addition, (3) while in bees that dance horizontally, the waggle run points towards the food source, in bees that dance vertically the information involves transposition: the angle of the dance relative to 'upwards' is interpreted as the angle of the food direction relative to the sun. Finally, (4) the number of waggle runs increases with food quality. We show that properties 1 and 2 are instantiated in sign language classifier predicates, highly iconic constructions that produce visual animations of the orientation and movement of an entity. Furthermore, classifier movement (property 3) can be interpreted either directly or with 'viewpoint shift', a more flexible version of transposition. Property 4 seems to be instantiated more generally in the pragmatics of human and animal communication, as repetition can convey intensification and/or excitement (e.g. Go, go, go!). We further show experimentally that properties 1-3 are instantiated in some gestures understood by non-signers. Thus the waggle dance is a primitive form of a semantic system also found (through convergent evolution) in human language. It is remarkably ancient, at least 20 million years old according to phylogenetic reconstructions. While the horizontal dance (without transposition) is usually thought to be ancestral, a closer look at extant phylogenies suggests that the vertical dance (with transposition) might be more primitive, and furthermore that pre-adaptations guarantee that transposition might have been available from the start.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"2033-2052"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beaked whale bioacoustics: knowledge gaps, vulnerability, and conservation imperatives in the Anthropocene.","authors":"Lijun Dong, Songhai Li","doi":"10.1002/brv.70204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine mammals provide important ecosystem services but are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic noise. Beaked whales (Ziphiidae), among the deepest-diving and least understood marine mammals, remain particularly enigmatic due to their elusive behaviour and limited surface time. Although scientific research efforts have been organized around beaked whales since the 1970s, knowledge of their bioacoustics and responses to anthropogenic sound remains incomplete. Here, we synthesize over two decades of bioacoustic studies to reveal critical gaps in understanding their vulnerability to anthropogenic noise and propose urgent conservation measures in the Anthropocene. Beaked whales produce species-specific frequency-modulated echolocation clicks, with inverse scaling of biosonar frequency relative to body mass, showing evolutionary convergence in biosonar traits. Their specialized auditory anatomy, including unique acoustic pathways and waveguides, supports sensitivity to high-frequency sound, with peak hearing sensitivity between 22 and 64 kHz matching their echolocation spectra. Anthropogenic noise, especially naval sonar, can cause severe behavioural disruption, including foraging cessation, avoidance, abnormal diving, and potentially mass strandings linked to decompression sickness. Species-specific sensitivity thresholds indicate that current noise criteria may not adequately protect beaked whales. Urgent evidence-based conservation measures include expanding global acoustic monitoring, refining hearing assessments, quantifying population-level noise impacts, implementing stricter sonar regulations, and establishing acoustic refugia to safeguard these vulnerable cetaceans in increasingly industrialized oceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148596966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrion ecology: concepts, interdisciplinary synthesis, and perspectives.","authors":"Marcos Moleón, José A Sánchez-Zapata, Travis L DeVault, Wayne M Getz, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, Daniel Redondo-Gómez, Lara Naves-Alegre, Solange A Batista-Nunes, Esther Sebastián-González, Juan M Pérez-García, Kelly A Waters, Thijs van Overveld, Craig Smith, Nuria Selva, Thomas A Schlacher, Graeme Ruxton, Jesús Rodríguez, Martina-M Quaggiotto, Paula L Perrig, Norman Owen-Smith, Thomas M Newsome, Isabel Navas, Yoshihiro Nakashima, Ana Mateos, Carlos Martínez-Carrasco, Daniel Martín-Vega, Berta Martín-López, Antoni Margalida, Sergio A Lambertucci, Adam Kane, Kevin Healy, Akane Hashizume, Antonio J García-Fernández, José A Donázar, M Eric Benbow, James C Beasley, Philip S Barton, Kathleen A Alexander, Eneko Arrondo","doi":"10.1002/brv.70203","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carrion is a ubiquitous resource in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, yet it has long been overlooked in ecological research. Over the past two decades, studies on carrion and the many organisms that exploit it have flourished, revealing not only wide-ranging ecological functions but also significance far beyond ecology. This growing body of knowledge underscores the need for the formal recognition and consolidation of carrion ecology as a distinct ecological discipline. In this review, we begin by outlining the ecological features that make carrion a unique resource, provide practical definitions of scavenger and scavenging to reduce persistent ambiguities, describe carcass decomposition by linking stages with insect succession, and position carrion within a broader scientific context. Building on this foundation, we then pursue three main goals. First, we show how incorporating carrion ecology enriches ecological concepts and paradigms across levels of biological organisation, from individuals to ecosystems. Second, we emphasise how expanding knowledge of carrion ecology informs many disciplines beyond ecology. Third, we present a conceptual framework that integrates the diverse ecological functions of carrion across eco-evolutionary timescales and addresses the structured and dynamic connections among the multiple disciplines concerned with carrion. By underscoring the ecological and interdisciplinary relevance of this resource, our framework not only clarifies the components and flows of the carrion system but also highlights opportunities for novel cross-disciplinary collaborations. As carrion ecology continues to mature as a scientific field, we expect that this review and synthesis will consolidate current knowledge, stimulate innovative research across disciplines, and firmly position carrion ecology within the broader ecological and scientific landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of appropriate social group size and composition on animal welfare.","authors":"Chanakarn Wongsaengchan, Manon K Schweinfurth","doi":"10.1002/brv.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brv.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Billions of animals worldwide live in captivity across diverse settings, with the vast majority being inherently social species whose welfare fundamentally depends on appropriate social interactions with conspecifics. This review examines the critical role of social environments in captive animal welfare across laboratory, zoo, farm, and companion animal contexts. We first demonstrate how inappropriate group sizes and compositions negatively impacts animal welfare through multiple pathways: impaired physical health and cognitive development, compromised emotional states and altered behavioural expression. Next, we analyse whether current legislative frameworks account sufficiently for social needs. Although regulations acknowledge the danger of overcrowding and the importance of a partner, they predominantly emphasise density requirements without adequately addressing species-specific social structures. Finally, to address these shortcomings, we propose that observations of natural groups are needed to inform a wide variety of sociality characteristics. This should be guided by an established sociality framework to provide a benchmark for social needs in captivity. These should then be refined by preference tests and integrated in flexible management practices. Much progress has been made to improve the physical environment of captive animals yet advances in addressing their social environment have not kept pace. Bridging this gap will be essential if we want to ensure animals in human care can experience lives that meet their needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the timing of eukaryotic origin.","authors":"Ning Song, Ke Pang, Xiaoyuan Feng, Meng Li","doi":"10.1002/brv.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brv.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of eukaryotes marks a monumental juncture in the 4.6-billion-year evolutionary odyssey of our planet. Despite decades of research, the origin of eukaryotic life remains unresolved, with many of its nuances still veiled in the mists of time. While the progenitors of modern eukaryotes have roots that extend deep into the ancient past, the age of the last common ancestor to all modern eukaryotes - whether this was ancient or relatively recent - continues to spark debates. This review does not seek to settle this controversy but instead synthesizes competing perspectives from paleontology, lipid biology, molecular dating, phylogenetics, and geochemistry, emphasizing the necessity for critical evaluation of conflicting evidence across disciplines. We aim to offer a critically informed, cross-disciplinary synthesis for one of the most significant evolutionary transitions in Earth's history.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How developmental stressors affect mitochondrial respiratory function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ondi L Crino, Christopher R Friesen, Geoffrey E Hill, Dalton C Leibold, Pablo Recio, Karine Salin, Kristoffer H Wild, Daniel W A Noble","doi":"10.1002/brv.70199","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environmental conditions organisms experience during early development can have powerful and sustained effects on morphology, physiology, behaviour, and performance. Such developmental effects can influence reproductive success, survival, and life-history strategies and can be transmitted across generations (i.e. trans and intergenerational effects). In this way, developmental effects can be powerful drivers of evolutionary change. Given the developmental environment affects a range of phenotypic traits, it has been proposed that physiological responses to developmental conditions are modulated through cellular mechanisms that are shared across cell and tissue types, such as mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial respiratory function is highly sensitive to environmental conditions and exposure to adverse conditions during development can have sustained effects on different aspects of aerobic respiration in mitochondria. However, it is currently unknown if these effects are widespread across taxonomic groups and which components of mitochondrial respiratory function are most likely to be affected by the environment during development. We compiled data from 86 studies to examine the effects of developmental stressors (nutritional imbalance, glucocorticoid hormone exposure, parental care deprivation, and psychological disturbance) on mitochondrial respiratory function using meta-analysis. We sought to uncover whether there are general effects of developmental stressors on different aspects of mitochondrial respiratory function (antioxidants, metabolic capacity, oxidative damage, oxidative stress, and aerobic respiration). We tested how the type of developmental stressor, together with timing of exposure (prenatal versus postnatal), and sex and taxon of the test subjects influenced the magnitude, direction, and duration of effects on mitochondrial respiratory function. Finally, we tested which aspects of mitochondrial respiratory function were most impacted by developmental stressors. We found that exposure to glucocorticoids, parental care deprivation, and psychological disturbances during development generally decreased mitochondrial respiratory function. Generally, these developmental stressors increased the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage and reduced aerobic respiration, metabolic capacity, and antioxidant levels. Nutritional imbalances during development (including both restricted and excessive nutrition) had a slight negative effect on mitochondrial respiratory function, but this effect may be influenced by publication bias. Overall, our results show that exposure to stressors during development negatively affects mitochondrial respiratory function, suggesting that changes in cellular metabolism may link developmental stressors to variation in whole animal traits and individual fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's cognition, with style: rethinking the biology of intelligence.","authors":"Russell Meyer","doi":"10.1002/brv.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brv.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intelligence has been attributed to a growing number of non-primate species, including birds, cephalopods, and jumping spiders. This review outlines key findings in animal intelligence, finding that there is significant support for the presence of a wide variety of intelligent capacities in these groups. Yet, how intelligence can be achieved with relatively small, non-mammalian brains remains an open question, and neuroscientific efforts have not established the relationship between brains and intelligence. Core to these research programs is the assumption that intelligence sits higher on a scale of complexity than other kinds of cognition, requiring greater neural resources. This review shows that, despite its ubiquity, there is little evidence available for this assumption, and that it does not align well with the goals of contemporary research on animal intelligence. I argue that, like other biological functions, cross-species comparisons of cognition are not usefully framed as a question of as better or worse, simpler or more complex. Cognitive differences between species are the result of differing cognitive styles, rather than gradations on a universal scale of cognition. Intelligence is the human cognitive style, and intelligent animals are those whose cognitive style bears a family resemblance to ours. This approach embraces the anthropocentrism of the concept of intelligence, while rejecting the idea that intelligence is a superior capacity. With this alternative intelligence concept in mind, investigations into animal intelligence and its neural basis could gain traction by shifting away from the search for greater absolute neural capacity in animals, instead approaching these smaller-brained species as models that reveal what is not required for intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat stress in spermatogenesis: a redox-dependent decision network linking ROS, autophagy, and regulated cell death.","authors":"Ribrio Ivan Tavares Pereira Batista","doi":"10.1002/brv.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brv.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat stress (HS) is an increasing threat to male reproductive health, disrupting spermatogenesis through complex and interdependent cellular responses within the seminiferous epithelium. Although excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a hallmark of HS, ROS also act as central regulators of cell fate decisions beyond their role in oxidative damage. Here, we propose a unified framework in which spermatogenic outcomes under HS are governed by a redox-dependent decision network, whereby ROS dynamics determine the balance between adaptive responses and regulated cell death (RCD). At moderate levels, ROS activate cytoprotective mechanisms, including antioxidant defences and autophagy, thereby promoting proteostasis and preserving cellular homeostasis. In contrast, excessive or sustained ROS accumulation induces lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired autophagic flux, driving the transition toward interconnected RCD pathways, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Autophagy emerges as a central regulatory checkpoint in this network, acting as a molecular rheostat that modulates the shift between adaptation and cell death. Importantly, HS effects are stage-specific across spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia exhibit relative resilience due to efficient redox buffering and autophagic competence, whereas spermatocytes represent a critical vulnerability point, marked by heightened oxidative sensitivity and a strong propensity toward apoptosis. Post-meiotic germ cells are particularly susceptible to disruptions in structural remodelling and membrane integrity, while Sertoli cells act as key regulators of the redox microenvironment and amplifiers of HS-induced damage. Finally, we highlight redox balance modulation as a promising strategy to mitigate HS-induced reproductive damage. However, effective antioxidant interventions must be precisely calibrated to preserve physiological redox signalling and autophagic function rather than indiscriminately suppress ROS. Together, this framework provides a mechanistic basis for understanding how HS regulates germ cell fate and identifies potential targets for preserving male fertility under environmental and physiological thermal stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for adaptive explanations of semelparity in animals.","authors":"Diana O Fisher, Roberto Salguero-Gómez","doi":"10.1002/brv.70197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brv.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semelparity, the reproductive strategy of reproducing once, is widespread but uncommon in animals. Classes of models to explain the evolution of semelparity are based either on age structure and mortality schedules - demographic models in which high post-reproductive mortality risk favours high reproductive effort and semelparity results from survival costs of reproduction - or on optimal allocation of reproductive effort. We review and synthesise evolutionary explanations for the life history strategy of semelparity in animals. We find that semelparity has been reported in around 5000 of the one million named metazoan species (around 0.5%), and, including the 930 cephalopod species, explanations for semelparity have been proposed for around 1020 species, including 30 species with semelparity only in males. Phylogenetic regressions that can test the predictions of competing models to explain semelparity have been applied to four groups of animals: dasyurid and didelphid marsupials, salmonid fish, forficulid insects, and the spider families Nephilidae, Araneidae, Theridiidae, and Dolomedidae. These tests support the demographic model in taxa with semelparous females. The major drivers of post-reproductive mortality risk that are associated with the evolution of semelparity in animals are risky and energetically demanding breeding migration, particularly to the deep ocean, and seasonally harsh climates in which periodic food shortage restricts reproductive opportunities. Species with semelparity only in males share a set of reproductive traits that appear contradictory. They cease sperm production at maturity, yet use fatal forms of mate-guarding for paternity protection that suggest intense sperm competition, such as tearing off body parts to plug the female opening (spiders and insects) or catabolising muscle to fuel prolonged, repeated mating effort (mammals). Comparative tests suggest that post-mating sexual selection under sexual conflict is the driver in animals with male-only semelparity, consistent with reproductive effort models that require no environmental factor to raise post-reproductive mortality. We propose a new explanation for the loss of sperm production ability at maturity in species with male-only semelparity: that this is an adaptation to intense sperm competition associated with extreme reproductive effort in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":133,"journal":{"name":"Biological Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}