Immunological Investigations最新文献

{"title":"The Mechanism of Baicalin in the Treatment of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia by Regulating NLRP3/Caspase-1 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Dan Song, Wenfeng Wei, Jie Zhang, Lu Zhang, Weiming Wang, Jinhai Huo","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2450244","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2450244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the mechanism of baicalin (BIA) attenuating the inflammatory response and lung injury in mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MPP mouse models were established and then treated with BIA, azithromycin, or NLRP3 inflammasome activator. Lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio were weighed. Serum levels of MP-IgM, C-reactive protein (CRP) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein were detected by kits, NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway-related protein levels by Western blot, and IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α levels by ELISA. HE staining was performed to detect lung injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MPP mice showed elevated mouse lung W/D ratio, upregulated serum MP-IgM and CRP levels and BALF protein, and enhanced IL-6 and TNF-α levels, which were reversed by BIA or azithromycin treatment, suggesting that BIA attenuated pulmonary inflammatory response in MPP mice. The lung tissue of MPP mice showed upregulated NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1,Caspase-1, GSDMD-N and GSDMD levels and raised IL-1β and IL-18 levels, and changes were annulled by BIA or azithromycin treatment, suggesting that BIA inhibited the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway activation. NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway activation partially abrogated the alleviative effect of BIA on the pulmonary inflammatory response of MPP mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BIA mitigates inflammatory response and lung injury in MPP mice by inhibiting NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"560-572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Pterocarpanquinone LQB-118 in Murine Peritoneal Macrophages.","authors":"Éssia de Almeida Lima, Luiz Henrique Agra Cavalcante-Silva, Deyse Cristina Madruga Carvalho, Mariana Mendonça Soares, Anna Beatriz Araujo Medeiros, Chaquip Daher Netto, Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Costa, Sandra Rodrigues-Mascarenhas","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2449949","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2449949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phagocytosis is an important function of macrophages. However, when it's dysregulated, it could compromise homeostasis. Thus, this study aimed to assess the inhibitory activity of pterocarpanquinone LQB 118 on murine macrophage phagocytosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice to evaluate the impact of LQB 118 (5 μM) on the modulation of phagocytic activity and possible action mechanism related: IL-12 (by ELISA), NO (by Griess reaction),ROS production (by flow cytometry), and intracellular signaling proteins (iNOS, P-Akt, P-mTOR, NF-κB, and P-NF-κB) (by flow cytometry).The macrophages were stimulated with zymosan to assess both phagocytic activity and flow cytometry assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment with LQB 118 resulted in a reduction in the phagocytosis of zymosan particles by macrophages. This effect could potentially be attributed to LQB's inhibition of IL-12 production and mTOR/NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, LQB 118 decreased the levels of ROS and NO without interfering with iNOS and Akt activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings show the anti-phagocytic activity of LQB 118 on macrophage, highlighting the potential of this compound as a candidate for modulating macrophage-driven inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"494-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Monoclonal Autoantibody and Its Target Protein Derived from the Peripheral Blood of SLE Patients in Serological Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of SLE.","authors":"Keting Jin, Yalun Chen, Yuyang Ye, Qiang Ke, Jinhui Hong, Kaibo Zhang, Leping Wang, Jialu Ye, Jiawen Dong, Yongchao Xu, Jiali Shan, Wenshan Zhao, Yi Zhang, Jing Wu","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2449961","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2449961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder with limited reliable diagnostic biomarkers. This study evaluates the utility of DEAD-box helicase 5 (DDX5) as a diagnostic and differential marker for SLE and assesses the performance of a capture bead-based flow cytometry (CBFCM) method for detecting serum proteins.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Serum samples were collected from 52 patients with SLE, 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 49 patients with lung cancer (LC), and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Levels of DDX5, anti-DDX5, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Sm were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CBFCM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum DDX5 levels were significantly elevated in patients with SLE compared to patients with RA and HCs, correlating with the SLE activity. DDX5 demonstrated strong discriminatory power between SLE and RA. Combining DDX5, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Sm as biomarkers yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.976 for SLE diagnosis. Decision curve analysis indicated a high clinical benefit from the combined biomarkers. The sensitivity and specificity of DDX5 were 66.11% and 88.89% for ELISA, and 72% and 91.3% for CBFCM.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>DDX5 shows promise as a novel serological biomarker for SLE diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Additionally, CBFCM outperforms ELISA in detecting soluble serum proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"506-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy of Digestive System Tumors.","authors":"Min Cheng, Jie Liu, Yue Liang, Jiamei Xu, Lin Ma, Jing Liang","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2447780","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2447780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells possess unique abilities to migrate, establish themselves in tissues, and monitor peripheral tissues without circulating. They are crucial in providing long-lasting and local immune protection against surface infections. TRMs demonstrate distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics compared to central memory T (Tcm) cells and effector memory T (Tem) cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed a large number of literature to explore the physiological and functional roles of tissue-resident memory T cells, as well as the link between TRM cells and the development and prognosis of digestive tract tumors. We also investigated the association between TRM cells, intestinal flora, and metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent studies have implicated TRMs in the immune response against tumors, making them a potential target for cancer therapy. However, research specifically focused on gastrointestinal tumors is limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review aims to compile and assess the most recent data on the role of TRM cells in gastrointestinal tumor immunity. Additionally, it explores recent advancements in immunotherapy and investigates how TRMs may influence intestinal flora and metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"435-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-37 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response Through the TGF-β/Smad3 Pathway.","authors":"Yufang Guo, Feifei Deng, Yali Jiang, Guodong Cao, Yixin Zhang, Gaowu Liu, Mayinur Alimujiang, Mairhaba Ayati, Yufeng Chen, Lili Chen, Su Lv, Xueqin Dou","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2495958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2025.2495958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Sepsis is caused by an uncontrolled inflammatory response and immune dysfunction, with lung injury being the most common complication and one of the leading causes of death in clinically ill patients. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a vital role in various pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, infection, and immunity.<b>Methods:</b> The study involved both clinical and animal experiments (establishing an animal model of sepsis-induced lung injury). Firstly, 50 patients with sepsis-induced lung injury and 50 healthy controls were included. In addition, a more in-depth study was conducted using animal models.<b>Results:</b> IL-37, IL-6, PCT, and CRP levels were significantly higher in the sepsis-induced lung injury group. Correlation analysis revealed that IL-37 significantly correlated with IL-6, PCT, and CRP levels. In animal experiments, IL-37 significantly attenuated CLP-induced pulmonary edema and cellular injury while reducing the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as sepsis-related inflammatory markers PCT and CRP. Moreover, IL-37 significantly downregulated the expression levels of genes and proteins of apoptosis-related molecules Caspase-3 and Bax and pathway molecules TGF-β and Smad3. <b>Discussion:</b> The TGF-β/Smad3 pathway is involved in the process of IL-37 inhibiting inflammatory response and ameliorating sepsis-induced lung injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power of Antibodies: Advancing Biomarker-Based Disease Detection and Surveillance.","authors":"Woei Kean Ng, Gunasegran Thanusha, Pei Pei Chong, Candy Chuah","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2492246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2025.2492246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibodies have long served as fundamental tools in disease diagnosis and surveillance. Their utility as biomarkers has expanded beyond infectious diseases to encompass a wide range of health conditions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to explore recent advancements in antibody biomarker discovery and their applications in diagnosing and monitoring diverse health conditions. It also examines the role of antibody surveillance in public health and epidemiological studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive analysis of recent literature was conducted, focusing on studies that identify and characterize disease-specific antibodies. Particular attention was given to their relevance in autoimmune diseases, infections, cancers, and neurological disorders.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>The review highlights disease-specific antibody biomarkers and their clinical significance. It also discusses the utility and challenges of antibody-based surveillance in assessing disease prevalence, tracking immunity trends, and supporting One Health strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Recent advancements in antibody biomarker discovery demonstrate significant potential in improving early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and population-level health management. Antibody surveillance continues to play a pivotal role in guiding public health responses and understanding disease dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage Polarization in Lung Diseases: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Jia Wang, Huajie Niu, Junwei Kang, Haiping Liu, Xiaoyang Dong","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2025.2490898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2025.2490898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages are pivotal immune cells involved in maintaining immune homeostasis and defending against pathogens. They exhibit significant plasticity and heterogeneity, enabling polarization into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes in response to distinct microenvironmental cues. The process of macrophage polarization is tightly regulated by complex signaling pathways and transcriptional networks. This review explores the factors influencing macrophage polarization, the associated signaling pathways, and their roles in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, including fibrosis, cancer, and chronic inflammatory conditions. By summarizing recent advances, we aim to provide insights into the immunoregulatory functions of macrophages and their therapeutic potential. Based on our review, it is believed that targeting macrophage polarization emerges as a promising approach for developing effective treatments for lung diseases, balancing inflammation and repair while mitigating disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NK Cell Exosomes Alleviate PD-L1 Expression and Facilitate Tumor Immunity by Repressing PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling.","authors":"Hang Xie, Yujie Wu, Jingyao Huang, Quan Shen, Xiaoyan Li, Lili Wang, Junqing Lin, Zhen Chi, Kun Ke, Xin Lin, Rong Chen, Rihua Liao, Yong Li, Ning Huang","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2445608","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2445608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver cancer (LC) is a deadly malignancy with limited therapeutic options in recent years. Natural killer cell-derived exosomes (NK-exo), as an important bridge of information transmission between cells, also have a certain killing effect on tumor cells. On this basis, this study investigated the specific regulatory mechanism of NK-exo on LC cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NK-exo was collected by differential centrifugation. The diameter and size distribution were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. Western Blot (WB) assay detected the expression levels of exosome marker protein, PD-L1, and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal-related proteins. The effect of NK-exo treatment on LC cell viability was measured by the CCK-8. With the use of CFDA·SE, we assessed the proliferation ability of CD8⁺T cells in direct co-culture with LC cells. The content of cytokines secreted by CD8⁺T cells in each treatment group was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. We employed flow cytometry to analyze the expression of PD-L1 protein on the surface of LC cells and CD8 level in mice tumor tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CCK-8 assay demonstrated that NK-exo repressed the cell viability of LC cells. WB uncovered that the protein expressions of PD-L1, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in NK-exo treated LC cells were decreased, which was returned to the control level after the addition of PI3K agonist. When NK-exo-treated LC cells were directly co-cultivated with CD8⁺T cells, the proliferation ability and cytokine secretion content of T cells were considerably elevated, and the expression of PD-L1 on LC cell surface was considerably reduced. However, these effects were restored to control levels by PI3K agonists.The in vivo experiments also confirmed that NK-exo could effectively inhibit the progression of LC, and the PI3K agonist could restore this effect to the level of the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provided the first evidence that exosomes derived from NK cells inhibited the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in LC cells, and reduced PD-L1 expression, thereby promoting tumor immunity. In comparison to traditional immune checkpoint inhibitors, NK-exo possessed unique mechanisms of action and potential advantages. NK-exo holds the promise of becoming an innovative immunotherapy for the treatment of LC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"382-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Exosomes in Central Immune Tolerance and Myasthenia Gravis.","authors":"Hanlu Zhang, Siyuan Luan, Fuqiang Wang, Lin Yang, Sicheng Chen, Zhiyang Li, Xuyang Wang, Wen-Ping Wang, Long-Qi Chen, Yun Wang","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2440772","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2440772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune homeostasis plays a crucial role in immunology andis dependent on both central and peripheral tolerance. Centraltolerance and peripheral tolerance occur in the thymus and thesecondary lymphoid tissues, respectively. Tolerance breakdown andimmune regulation defects can lead to autoimmune disorders. In thisreview article, we aimed to describe the role of exosomes inregulating central tolerance and provide a summary of their effectson the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential inmyasthenia gravis (MG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles for this review wereidentified using the PubMed database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As the primarylymphoid organ, the thymus is responsible for building an immunecompetent, yet self-tolerant of T-cell population. Thymic statesinclude thymoma, thymic hyperplasia, and thymic atrophy, which canexert a significant influence on the central immune tolerance andrepresent specific characteristics of MG. Previous studies have foundthat exosomes derived from human thymic epithelial cells carryantigen-presenting molecules and a wide range of tissue restrictedantigens, which may indicate a vital role of thymic exosomes in MG.Besides, exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs may also play a critical role inthe pathophysiology of MG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review provides thetherapeutic and diagnostic potential of exosomes in MG patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"412-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Differences Influence Depressive-Like Behaviour via Alterations in Microglial Expression of GIF-1, TREM2, and IL-1β in an Acute Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine Neuroinflammation Model.","authors":"Rasha Alonaizan, Wafa K Alotaibi, Asma Alsulami, Fadwa M Alkhulaifi, Suliman Alomar","doi":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2440006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08820139.2024.2440006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have caused serious health issues worldwide. A growing body of evidence suggests a correlation between neuroinflammation and abnormal microglial activity with ND symptoms. Microglia survey play crucial roles in CNS during health and the injury. It is proposed that sex affects microglial roles during inflammation, resulting in mouse behavioural changes and expression alterations in key markers related to microglia functions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female C57BL/6 mice were injected with a single dose of LPS (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. After 48 h, an open field test was conducted, followed by brain tissues collection for measuring the expression of IGF-1, IL-1β and TREM2 and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for NLRP3 level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Males displayed greater depressive-like behaviour in the OFT, with lower levels of IGF-1, IL-1β, and NLRP3 and high TREM2 expression. Female mice did not exhibit this behaviour, in contrast to male mice, they exhibited increased IL-1β and NLRP3 expression.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study revealed that LPS-induced sex-specific changes in genes involved in neuronal cell survival caused behavioural alterations in male mice. Moreover, females had observed inflammatory responses that had no impact on behavioural alterations. Overall, both sexes exhibited sex-specific microglial activation states.</p>","PeriodicalId":13387,"journal":{"name":"Immunological Investigations","volume":" ","pages":"317-333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}