{"title":"The fourth order flux observer with in-loop filter for permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless control","authors":"Ziwen Wang, Ciyong Luo, Xiaoshu Jia, Zihao Xing","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12489","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the presence of various non-ideal conditions, such as detection errors, converter non-linearity, noise, and parameter mismatches, the flux model experiences the introduction of DC bias and high-frequency harmonics, which subsequently deteriorate the accuracy of flux estimation. To dispose these issues, an improved non-linear flux observer (FOIFFO) using a second-order generalised integrator as an in-loop filter is proposed for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The observer demonstrates robust performance in eliminating DC bias and having a strong filtering ability for high-order harmonics even without amplitude and phase compensation to accurately estimate the rotational speed and rotor position. The performance of the method is analysed by transfer functions and bode plots, while the discretisation method of the FOIFFO is proposed. Finally, the new sensorless control strategy is verified by synthesising the experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 11","pages":"1421-1434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of end leakage inductance on the performance of toroidal winding double-sided linear induction motors","authors":"Huixian Zhang, Kunlun Zhang, Cheng Luo","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12486","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The end leakage inductance is an important component in the primary leakage inductance of the equivalent circuit. In order to calculate the end leakage inductance of a toroidal winding double-sided linear induction motor (TW-DSLIM) accurately and quickly, the role of ferromagnetic medium is equated by the method of images, the magnetic flux density in the end space is calculated according to the current density of the rectangular coil, end leakage inductance is obtained by calculating the end leakage magnetic energy, the impact of end leakage inductance on the performance of TW-DSLIM is investigated, and finally the TW-DSLIM model is established in finite element analysis to verify the effectiveness of the analytical method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 10","pages":"1382-1391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Torque improvement investigation of a double rotor permanent magnet motor based on effective utilization of magnetic field coupling","authors":"Zixuan Xiang, Yuxi Xie, Xiaoyong Zhu, Yuting Zhou","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12483","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a torque improvement method is presented for a double rotor (DR) permanent magnet motor, where the key is to conduct the study based on effective utilization of magnetic field coupling. To facilitate systematic analysis, the magnetomotive force (MMF) and airgap flux density considering magnetic coupling effect are deduced and analysed. It contributes to building the relationships between the output torque caused by magnetic coupling and magnetic field harmonics. By introducing the coupling sensitivity coefficient, the coupling harmonics in the inner and outer airgap magnetic fields are obtained. Then, two coupling harmonic groups are further determined in terms of phase difference and torque contribution, where one of them is required to be enhanced and the other is needed to be reduced. On the basis of this, a comprehensive coupling factor is defined purposely to realise the design and evaluation of the characteristics of coupling harmonic groups. Some motor performances are analysed in details, including the torque, torque ripple, overload capability, and so on. Finally, a prototype motor is manufactured to verify the feasibility of the presented studies of the DR motor.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 11","pages":"1665-1678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Axial vibration characteristics analysis of transformer windings based on magnetic-structural coupling correction model","authors":"Ping Wang, Fuyun Teng, Jianghai Geng, Yunpeng Liu, Xinyu Wang, Shuguo Gao","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the strong coupling effect between the internal magnetic field and the structural field of the transformer, the magnetic-structural coupling should be considered in axial vibration process of the winding short-circuit impact. A 110 kV transformer is taken as the research object. Firstly, the vibration modal characteristics of the transformer are calculated using the classical axial vibration model, and the spatial distribution of the leakage magnetic flux density of the iron core window is obtained based on the image method, which is used as the basis for calculating the excitation electromagnetic force. With the consideration of the non-linear mechanical characteristic of the pad, the dynamic stiffness equation is analysed and established and the magnetic-structural coupling correction model is constructed. Finally, the winding vibration amplitudes obtained respectively by the classical model, the magnetic-structural coupling model, and the magnetic-structural coupling correction model considering the dynamic stiffness are compared. The results show that, compared with the classical model, the vibration amplitude increment with the magnetic-structural coupling correction model is less. The dynamic stiffness will hinder the vibration intensification. The magnetic-structural coupling correction model can provide a more accurate calculation scheme for the winding vibration characteristic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 10","pages":"1408-1420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and multi-objective optimisation of double-layer non-uniform Halbach external-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor","authors":"Haotian Ma, Pin Lv, Donghui Xu, Ziyang Liu, Lulu Liu, Ning Wang, Zehua Shang","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12487","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to further improve the output torque and stability of the external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor, a double-layer non-uniform Halbach external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (DNH) structure is proposed and optimised. Finite element models of DNH and other structures are established to compare the electromagnetic characteristics of these motors and verify the superiority of the proposed structure. Secondly, the multi-objective whale optimisation algorithm is improved, and the algorithm is tested by test function to verify the improvement effect. Further, the Spearman correlation of the parameters is calculated, and the parameters are layered. The first layer parameters are optimised by the improved multi-objective whale optimisation algorithm, and the second layer parameters are optimised by parameter scanning. Finally, the motor performance of the initial scheme, single layer optimisation scheme, and hierarchical optimisation scheme is compared by simulation. The simulation results show that the hierarchical optimisation method is superior to the single layer optimisation method. By comparing with other schemes, the performance advantages of hierarchical optimisation DNH in terms of average output torque, cogging torque, torque ripple, permanent magnet cost and other parameters are proved, as well as the effectiveness of the optimisation method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 10","pages":"1392-1407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-inertia flywheel energy storage system for electric vehicles","authors":"Abbas Mehraban, Teymoor Ghanbari, Ebrahim Farjah","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12485","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Managing the high-rate-power transients of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in a drive cycle is of great importance from the battery health and drive range aspects. This can be achieved by high power-density storage, such as a high-speed Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS). It is shown that a variable-mass flywheel can effectively utilise the FESS useable capacity in most transients close to optimal. Novel variable capacities FESS is proposed by introducing Dual-Inertia FESS (DIFESS) for EVs. The feasibility of the proposed concept is evaluated by deriving the size of a Single-Inertia FESS (SIFESS) for a battery EV, which runs the well-known Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule. The sizing framework consists of an Energy Management System using the constrained Pontryagin's minimum principle and a proposed sizing algorithm. Then, by splitting the derived SIFESS inertia into two separate inertias, the appropriate engaging control of inertias is determined for some driving cycles including, the Artemis Urban, Braunschweig City, and Worldwide Harmonised Light-duty Vehicles Test Cycle. The dual inertias suitable sizes are derived using a proposed algorithm, which targets maximising the FESS useable capacity. The results show that compared to the SIFESS, the DIFESS can employ the FESS's useable capacity more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 10","pages":"1370-1381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Xiang, Zi-Qiang Zhu, Dawei Liang, Fan Xu, Tianran He
{"title":"Taguchi-based robust design for minimising torque ripple in 6-slot/2-pole modular high-speed permanent magnet motor with manufacturing tolerances","authors":"Dong Xiang, Zi-Qiang Zhu, Dawei Liang, Fan Xu, Tianran He","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Taguchi-based robust design strategy is proposed to minimise the torque ripple of a 6-slot/2-pole modular high-speed permanent magnet motor in mass production, accounting for manufacturing tolerances of split gap (Δ<i>g</i>), misalignment (Δ<i>m</i>), and offset angle (Δ<i>α</i>). Firstly, the effects and interactions of manufacturing tolerances are calculated, indicating that Δ<i>g</i> has the highest effect followed by Δ<i>m</i>, positive Δ<i>g</i> and negative Δ<i>m</i> have a strengthening effect, and Δ<i>α</i> has no effect, and subsequently, the worst-case scenario of manufacturing tolerances with the highest torque ripple is obtained. Afterwards, tooth circumferential positions are optimised for minimising torque ripple without jeopardising average torque, considering the tradeoff between the cases without manufacturing tolerance and with the worst-case scenario of manufacturing tolerances. As will be demonstrated, torque ripples are reduced significantly, that is, they are particularly reduced by 40% in the worst-case scenario. Under hypothetical 100 sets manufacturing tolerances as Gauss distributions, the optimised machines have significantly reduced torque ripples (maximum and average reductions are 33% and 16%, respectively) with more concentrated distribution. The correctness of the methods is verified by experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 11","pages":"1435-1447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihong Zhong, Xiaochun Fang, Fei Lin, Zhongping Yang
{"title":"Multi-parameter identification method of induction motor based on coupling and small signal injection","authors":"Zhihong Zhong, Xiaochun Fang, Fei Lin, Zhongping Yang","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12480","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sensorless induction motor control has been widely applied to the rail transit field. However, achieving a safe stop of a train using electric braking without applying air braking has been an urgent problem to be solved. The current research only considers the stability of the speed identification in the low-speed region and does not consider the impact of inaccurate parameters on the stability, which cannot ensure the stable braking and parking of the train under all working conditions. To address this problem, the coupling relationship between the motor speed and the stator resistance is used and an adaptive rate of them is designed based on the Lyapunov stability design law. In addition, aiming to reduce the torque ripple, a torque ripple elimination link is designed to cancel the torque ripple caused by the small-signal injection. Experiments show that the proposed parallel identification strategy of speed, stator resistance, and rotor resistance can ensure the system operation stability in the low- and zero-speed regions without increasing the torque ripple.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 10","pages":"1317-1331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A non-intrusive method for friction and windage losses estimation in induction motors","authors":"Moslem Geravandi, Hassan Moradi","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12482","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the in-service induction motors (IMs), friction and windage losses (FWL) value should be determined non-intrusively. Hence, in the in-service IMs, instead of measuring FWL, empirical equations are used to estimate FWL value. A novel technique is proposed for estimating the FWL value in low-voltage three-phase IMs based on obtained data from applying the no-load test on 425 simulated IMs in the MATLAB software. The simulated IMs are 380 V, 50 Hz, with different numbers of poles in the power range of 0.37–400 kW. The FWL value for simulated IMs is calculated based on the IEEE 112 standard and by applying the no-load test. Then, based on the dispersion of the obtained data from the no-load test and using non-linear regression, according to the number of IM poles for each number of poles, a third-degree equation for FWL estimation is fitted to the test data. The proposed method to estimate the FWL value only needs the nominal output power listed on the IM nameplate. Also, unlike existing empirical relationships, the proposed approach estimates the FWL value for IMs with high accuracy and non-intrusively. The effectiveness of the suggested technique is confirmed by simulation and practical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 10","pages":"1347-1358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12482","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun-Yao Lee, Truong-An Le, Wei-Lun Chien, Shih-Che Hsu
{"title":"Application of symmetric uncertainty and emperor penguin–grey wolf optimisation for feature selection in motor fault classification","authors":"Chun-Yao Lee, Truong-An Le, Wei-Lun Chien, Shih-Che Hsu","doi":"10.1049/elp2.12459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors present a model for diagnosing motor faults based on machine learning, demonstrating advantages over other algorithms in terms of both improved fitness values and reduced running time. The structure of the model involves three primary phases: feature extraction, feature selection and classification. During the feature extraction phase, crucial features are identified using empirical mode decomposition, fast Fourier transform and multiresolution analysis, resulting in a total of 144 features. The feature selection stage employs a new strategy that combines symmetrical uncertainty in the filter approach with the binary grey wolf optimiser and emperor penguin optimiser in the wrapper approach. Finally, a support vector machine is used for classification to generate fitness values. To validate the model's effectiveness and accuracy, motor fault current signal datasets, case Western Reserve University (CWRU) benchmark datasets and mechanical failure prevention technology benchmark datasets are utilised. In the motor fault current signal dataset, the highest average accuracy achieved is 99.95%, with a minimum average running time of 88.02 s obtained under ∞dB conditions. Regarding benchmark datasets and mechanical failures at CWRU, using the prevention technology benchmark dataset resulted in classification accuracies of 99.54% and 99.52%, respectively. Comparative analysis with traditional algorithms reveals that symmetric uncertainty and emperor penguin–grey wolf optimisation model outperforms traditional models in terms of performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"18 10","pages":"1107-1121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.12459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}