Iet Electric Power Applications最新文献

{"title":"Auxiliary Tooth Design for Partitioned-Primary Synergistic Modulation Permanent Magnet Linear Motor","authors":"Zhengmeng Liu,&nbsp;Deru Jiang,&nbsp;Wanfu Lin,&nbsp;Guohai Liu,&nbsp;Qian Chen","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70246","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To further improve the force performance of the Partitioned-Primary Synergistic Modulation Permanent Magnet Linear Motor (PP-SMPMLM) and address its assembly–space limitation originating from the unique three-segment topology, this paper optimises the design of auxiliary tooth to mitigate the adverse impact of side-end effects on detent force and reduce thrust ripple. Based on finite-element analysis, secondary stepped auxiliary tooth are arranged at both ends of the armature primary of the PP-SMPMLM. The harmonic characteristics of detent force (consisting of cogging force and end force components) before and after adopting the auxiliary tooth are analysed, and the stresses exerted on the armature primary by an unbalanced magnetic pull under different assembly schemes are also investigated. The results show that the proposed secondary stepped auxiliary tooth can effectively suppress detent force and reduce thrust ripple, while slightly improving the average thrust and enlarging the available assembly space of the motor. Prototypes are manufactured and tested, and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed secondary stepped auxiliary tooth scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonic Characteristics and Rotor Eddy Current Loss Analysis in High-Speed Permanent Magnet Machine","authors":"Linwei Hu,&nbsp;Yaoxing Chen,&nbsp;Zhongxin Gu,&nbsp;Yanping Huang","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the harmonic fields and the eddy current effect on a high-speed surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous rotor. Through dual-three phase winding configuration, single MMF harmonic, the slot harmonic that runs relative to the rotor has been successfully observed and studied. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been applied and single air gap flux density harmonic has been clearly observed and verified. Analytical solution based on the rotor rotating coordinate has been carried out whose results have been compared with that of FEA. The fields due to MMF slot harmonic in the rotor has been analysed alongside how the eddy current reaction field acts on the rotor surface, and the field attenuation and energy conversion characteristics have been concluded.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Improvement of Spoke Array Permanent Magnet Vernier Motor for Small Electric Vehicles Application","authors":"Seyed Mojtaba Mostafavi,&nbsp;Hamid Yaghobi,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Izadfar","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) offers several advantages, including higher torque density, lower cogging torque, a simpler and more robust structure and improved efficiency compared to other permanent magnet-based topologies. This machine is a suitable candidate for use in small electric vehicles such as e-bikes, scooters and motorcycles. This paper evaluates various configurations of permanent magnet vernier motors designed for a 450 W electric scooter. The proposed configuration employs an outer-rotor spoke-type arrangement, in which the central magnets are angularly shifted relative to the side magnets. The shifted spoke configuration is modelled using a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) and subsequently optimised through sensitivity analysis of its parameters. Finally, a prototype of the proposed structure is developed, and its performance is compared with finite element method (FEM) and analytical modelling results. The proposed array demonstrates higher power factor, increased torque density and reduced cogging torque compared to the conventional design. Furthermore, the mechanical robustness of the rotor is enhanced owing to the inclusion of an iron bridge structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method to Determine PWM-Induced High-Frequency Harmonic Losses in a Converter-Fed Induction Motor by Experimental Tests","authors":"Matias Tiihonen,&nbsp;Shoaib Ahmed,&nbsp;Hannu Kärkkäinen,&nbsp;Markku Niemelä,&nbsp;Lassi Aarniovuori,&nbsp;Janne Nerg,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Aldo Boglietti,&nbsp;Radu Bojoi","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The additional high-frequency losses present in converter-fed machines can constitute a significant portion of the overall motor system losses. Until now, no universally accepted method has existed to quantify and analyse these losses. This paper presents a universal method for determining the additional losses caused by pulse width modulation (PWM), which is validated using an induction motor. The proposed approach for segregating high-frequency harmonic losses assumes that these losses are equivalent to the total harmonic power observed at the motor terminals. The method requires no special arrangements or instrumentation; however, its accuracy naturally depends on the quality of the measurement instruments used. Moreover, this approach adds value to the evaluation of results obtained through the commonly used input–output method for efficiency determination. The ability to explicitly determine high-frequency harmonic losses in converter-fed machines opens new opportunities for innovation in motor control systems, modulation strategies and methods for minimising losses in such systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) Validation of a PV-Fed Wound Rotor Induction Motor Pumping System With Perturb-and-Observe MPPT and Rotor Resistance Performance Evaluation","authors":"Tha'er O. Sweidan,&nbsp;Feras Alasali,&nbsp;Mohammed I. Abuashour,&nbsp;Nagy Osman,&nbsp;Haris M. Khalid,&nbsp;William Holderbaum","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines the use of standalone photovoltaic (PV) generators to supply a three-phase wound rotor induction motor (WRIM) for remote water pumping applications. The nature of PV and the variation of mechanical load demand require robust motor-drive operation and effective maximum power extraction from the PV source. In this study, the dynamic and steady-state performance of a PV-powered WRIM driving a centrifugal pump is studied under varying solar irradiance levels, load torque disturbances and different rotor resistance values. To maximise the energy harvested from the PV generator, a perturb-and-observe maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is employed. The influence of rotor resistance variation on motor speed, rotor frequency, current demand, power factor and torque-speed characteristics is systematically evaluated under different operating scenarios. The motor dynamic response is analysed under step changes in load torque and solar irradiance, whereas steady-state performance is tested for different rotor resistance settings. The proposed system is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink and validated using a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Simulation and real-time results demonstrate that the perturb-and-observe MPPT algorithm successfully maintains effective maximum power extraction, whereas rotor resistance variation significantly influences motor slip, operating speed and low-speed torque capability. The combined MATLAB and RTDS results confirm stable and reliable operation of the proposed PV-powered pumping system under both source-side and load-side disturbances. The findings show the suitability of the proposed PV-fed WRIM pumping system for standalone water pumping applications in remote areas and provide highlights into the influence of rotor resistance on system performance under variable operating conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trapped Field Superconducting Electrical Machine Based on Wide 2G HTS Tapes and Its Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Ricardo Rezende Schoenacher,&nbsp;Fernando Jorge Monteiro Dias,&nbsp;Gabriel dos Santos,&nbsp;Flávio Goulart dos Reis Martins,&nbsp;Gabriel Borges Carreiro Carvalho,&nbsp;Frederic Trillaud,&nbsp;Bárbara Maria Oliveira Santos,&nbsp;Guilherme Gonçalves Sotelo","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of superconducting machines has gained attention in applications requiring high power density, such as wind turbine generators and electric aircraft propulsion. The ability of superconducting materials to sustain high current densities enables the design of more compact and lightweight electric machines, improving their power-to-mass ratio. Trapped field superconducting machine prototypes have been constructed and tested to investigate this technology. The machine rotors were built by stacking second-generation (2G) high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes wound in the azimuthal direction over a solid ferromagnetic rotor core. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of this topology. In the present paper, finite element method (FEM) simulations were performed to further investigate the trapped field machine. The <b>J–A</b> formulation and the <b>E–J</b> power law were applied to represent all nonlinearities present in the ferromagnetic and superconducting materials in an effort to understand the electromagnetic behaviour of such machines. The study began by analysing how the highest possible trapped field may be achieved during the magnetisation process based on pulsed currents. The persistent current density was investigated in the 2G HTS tape stack to trap the magnetic field. Finally, the machine's performance as a generator was evaluated, and the simulated results were compared with experimental data to check the model's basic assumptions and its limitations. The findings provide valuable insights into the magnetisation behaviour of superconducting rotors and the induced voltage characteristics, contributing to the advancement of superconducting stacked rotors for high-power-density applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Multi-Harmonic Enhancement for a PM Flux-Modulated Motor Utilising Air-Gap Region Function","authors":"Jiawei Ren,&nbsp;Xiaoyong Zhu,&nbsp;Li Quan,&nbsp;Zixuan Xiang","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a method of motor design based on air-gap region function is proposed. By this design method, air-gap harmonics are enhanced to greatly improve the torque and loss performance. Flux-modulated permanent magnet (FMPM) motor has rich harmonics in the air gap. In this paper, the 12-slot/34-pole FMPM motor designed by air-gap region function is proposed. First, the process of motor design based on air-gap region function is presented. According to the harmonic characteristics, the function of air-gap region is edited by the design of magnetomotive force (MMF), permeance and flux density. As a result, the change of air-gap region functions influences air-gap harmonic order and amplitude. Then, according to the air-gap region function, the topology of the key components of the motor is generated. Compared with initial topology, the proposed FMPM motor has great performance on torque and loss. Finally, through finite element analysis and prototype experiment, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed design method and FMPM motor are verified.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Heuristic Direct Torque Control for High-Phase Electronic Pole-Changing Induction Machines: Hardware-in-the-Loop and Experimental Evaluation","authors":"S. Mehdi Seyedi,&nbsp;Hamid A. Toliyat","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-phase electronic pole-changing induction machines (ePCIMs) offer inherent redundancy and extended torque-speed capability, making them suitable for high-power traction applications such as electric buses and heavy-duty electric vehicles. However, pole-changing transitions produce severe transient currents that degrade dynamic performance and reduce system reliability. This paper proposes an adaptive heuristic direct torque control (DTC) strategy to regulate transient behaviour during pole-changing operations. The proposed method employs a state-dependent adaptive framework that dynamically adjusts control actions according to operating conditions. Consequently, transient current overshoot is significantly reduced without compromising the fast torque response of DTC. To enable cost-effective and flexible evaluation of pole-changing dynamics prior to full-scale prototyping, a real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform is developed. The proposed strategy is subsequently verified through both HIL emulation and experimental testing on a nine-phase prototype. Results demonstrate that the proposed controller reduces transient current peaks dramatically compared with instantaneous pole-changing whilst maintaining comparable transition times. Furthermore, compared with gradual pole-changing method, the proposed approach significantly shortens the transition duration whilst preserving stable dynamic performance. The close agreement between HIL and experimental results confirms the robustness and practical feasibility of the proposed method for reliable mode-transition control in advanced ePCIM traction drives.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open-Circuit Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Model for Single-Side Double-Row Stator Axial Flux Wound Field Machine","authors":"Ziyu Cang,&nbsp;Wentao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhongze Wu,&nbsp;Wei Hua","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The single-side double-row stator axial flux wound field (SSDRS-AFWF) machine takes advantage of the inner space in the radial direction, which features a higher torque density. Although the finite element analysis (FEA) method could accurately predict the performance of the machine, it is time-consuming due to the high calculation load of the 3D FEA, which is challenging for machine optimisation. In this paper, a 3D open-circuit magnetic equivalent circuit model is proposed for rapid performance analysis of the SSDRS-AFWF machine. This model utilises different discretisation levels for the machine components according to the local magnetic saturation condition, and the double-cross structure is introduced in the air gap to improve the modelling accuracy. The auto connection method is given in the proposed magnetic circuit model to consider the rotor rotation. The accuracy of the open-circuit MEC model is verified by the comparison of FEA and MEC with the error under &lt; 2.5%. The accuracy of the proposed MEC method is verified under different excitation magnetomotive force and size parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Self-Optimisation Control and Dynamic Behaviour Analysis of Permanent Magnet Contactors","authors":"Jin Peng,&nbsp;Jiyu Peng","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70218","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dynamic performance of the permanent magnet (PM) contactor's making and breaking process directly determines its service life. To overcome the limitations of existing whole-displacement control methods, this paper proposes a multi-objective self-optimisation control strategy based on a backpropagation neural network proportional–integral–derivative (BPNN-PID) algorithm. The strategy dynamically segments the displacement curve, couples the mechanical motion equation with the voltage balance equation and monitors the force and speed of the moving iron core in real time. The BPNN optimises the PID parameters online, suppressing the final speed and contact bounce. Simulation and experimental results validate the strategy. Compared without intelligent control, the proposed method reduces the contact bounce number by 79.0%, the bounce time by 53.3%, the final core speed by 73.5% and the arc length by 90%. These improvements significantly enhance the mechanical and electrical service life of the permanent magnet contactor.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}