Ahsan Fayyaz, Faizan Mehmood, Ch. Muhammad Arbab Waheed, Zahid Ullah
{"title":"Novel Winding Design and Analysis of Brushless Wound Rotor Synchronous Machines","authors":"Ahsan Fayyaz, Faizan Mehmood, Ch. Muhammad Arbab Waheed, Zahid Ullah","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synchronous machines are electric machines characterised by a rotating speed proportional to the AC supply and are independent of load. Traditional permanent magnet synchronous machines utilise rare earth minerals for rotor flux generation, posing challenges due to rising costs. In such conditions, wound rotor synchronous machines with electromagnets may offer several economic and operational benefits, particularly for applications requiring a wide range of speeds and better torque density. However, rotor excitation in these machines requires brushes and slip rings, which lead to higher initial and maintenance costs, increased sensitivity to fluctuations, reduced speed regulation, and lower power factor. Existing designs of brushless wound rotor synchronous machines use additional rotor windings, leading to increased complexity and reduced efficiency. Techniques such as third harmonic excitation have been employed to eliminate brushes, but these solutions often suffer from low starting torque and inefficient stator utilisation. To overcome the issues associated with existing brushless wound rotor machines, this article proposes a novel winding scheme that incorporates an additional stator winding to enhance the slot fill factor. Furthermore, the benefits of single and dual inverter-fed designs are analysed, highlighting the reduced cost, size, and simplified circuitry of the single inverter design, along with the improved control and performance offered by the dual inverter design. Finally, an advanced harmonic excitation method is integrated to optimise torque production. A thorough 2D finite element analysis has been conducted to validate the proposed designs and operational principles of the brushless wound rotor synchronous machine, demonstrating its potential for enhanced performance in various electric machine applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Sanwar Hossain, Md. Rabiul Islam, Danny Sutanto, Kashem M. Muttaqi
{"title":"A Modular Multi-Port Hybrid Solid-State Transformer for Large-Scale Renewable Power Applications","authors":"Md. Sanwar Hossain, Md. Rabiul Islam, Danny Sutanto, Kashem M. Muttaqi","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Offshore wind and solar energy have substantial attention for the generation of high-voltage ac (HVAC) and high-voltage dc (HVDC). However, traditional systems face application limitations due to low-frequency transformers and inefficient power converters. This article proposes a four-port solid-state transformer (FPSST) to enhance large-scale energy generation from renewable sources. The FPSST incorporates a modular multilevel converter to collect both medium-voltage ac and dc from wind and solar systems. Following this collection, high-frequency transformer-based dc/dc converters ensure galvanic isolation between ports by enabling a compact, lightweight and efficient design due to the advanced magnetic material. A cascaded H-bridges multilevel inverter produces HVAC with reduced harmonic distortion and precise voltage regulation. Moreover, a series-connected two-quadrant converter generates HVDC, providing a stable dc output through a discretised dc-link capacitor. The performance of the proposed FPSST is thoroughly investigated using the MATLAB/Simulink platform, which offers insight into system behaviour. Prior to experimental validation, an amorphous alloy-based high-frequency transformer is developed in the laboratory, and a 1-kW sealed-down FPSST is constructed. Simulation and experiment results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FPSST. Thanks to its compact, modular design, the four-port SST can be easily scaled, enabling both HVAC and HVDC generation from renewable sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Yiwei, Yao Chenguo, Liu Jiangnan, Dong Shoulong, Liu Yu, Luo Huangtong, Zhao Lisheng
{"title":"Equivalent Circuit Model and Experimental Validation of Transformer Windings Considering Long-Distance Conductor Effects and Frequency-Dependent Parameters","authors":"Feng Yiwei, Yao Chenguo, Liu Jiangnan, Dong Shoulong, Liu Yu, Luo Huangtong, Zhao Lisheng","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impulse frequency response method is often combined with the transformer winding equivalent circuit to jointly analyse the frequency response mechanism of the transformer and the winding state, while winding modelling is the necessary fundamental work. Therefore, this paper proposes a new approach to transformer winding modelling. Firstly, based on the design parameters of the transformer, a finite element model constructed using ANSYS Maxwell simulation software is used to calculate the capacitance, inductance, and resistance parameters of the transformer winding. Secondly, the model not only considers the capacitance effect between distant conductors and the mutual inductance between distant coils but also considers the frequency variation effect of parameters. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model is formulated with the acquired parameters to analyse the frequency response characteristics of the winding. Finally, the equivalent winding model was subjected to various mechanical fault simulations across different operating conditions to investigate the alterations in the frequency spectrum curve under fault conditions. The results show that the simulated IFRA curve closely aligns with the measured IFRA curve, providing indirect evidence of the effective correspondence between the circuit model, which considers various influencing factors, and the actual physical model.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, analysis and prototyping of a PM-assisted synchronous reluctance machine equipped with new-type of fractional-slot winding","authors":"Seyed Mahdiar Taghavi Araghi, Arash Kiyoumarsi, Behzad Mirzaeian Dehkordi","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>PM-assisted synchronous reluctance machines are becoming so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their lower cost due to minor usage of PMs in comparison to IPM and SMPM machines. Besides, they can effectively utilise both the magnetic and reluctance torques, thus, they can play an important role in many industrial applications including electric transportation systems. Up to now, more or less, the conventional distributed-windings are employed in design of the synchronous reluctance machines. However, recent advancements have seen the adoption of fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) due to their shorter end-winding length, simpler structure, and higher slot fill factor. Although FSCWs offer these advantages, they also suffer from higher magnetomotive force (MMF) space harmonics, which can lead to undesirable effects such as localised iron saturation and increased core losses. The main target of the present research was introducing the winding layouts, which have the benefits of both FSCWs and distributed windings to use in PM-assisted synchronous reluctance machine. To solve the problems related to FSCWs, in this research, the stator slot-shifting has been developed and new types of fractional-slot winding topologies, comprising significantly low MMF harmonics and short-end windings length have been proposed. Based on these proposed winding configurations, a prototype machine was built as case study; and analytical results, finite element analysis, and experimental tests were conducted to validate the machine’s characteristics. Although in the proposed machine the winding is converted to overlapped type and is not concentrated anymore, but the obtained results show significant advantages over the conventional design in terms of air-gap flux density, back electromotive force, torque profile, power factor, power losses, efficiency and flux weakening capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143571366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuting Zhao, Wenxiang Zhao, Renxin Xiao, Yunhan Zhou, Yuhua Sun, Jie Li
{"title":"Analysis and Suppression of Nonswitching High-Frequency Band Vibration in Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","authors":"Zhuting Zhao, Wenxiang Zhao, Renxin Xiao, Yunhan Zhou, Yuhua Sun, Jie Li","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditionally, it is well known that the lowest-order and the pole-order (2<i>p</i>th-order) radial forces play a leading role in the vibration response of fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). However, this study reveals that the radial force at the nonswitching high-frequency band is the dominant vibration source. First, the vibration characteristic of the 10-slot/8-pole FSCW PMSM is described. A vibration phenomenon is revealed through the vibration acceleration, which is different from the traditional theory and cognition. The permanent magnet (PM) and armature flux densities are presented in detail. Meanwhile, the radial force at the nonswitching high-frequency band is analysed. Second, the effect of nonswitching high-frequency band vibration is revealed from the perspective of modulation effect, frequency and dynamic displacement. Third, the rotor skewing method is adopted, which effectively suppresses the vibration in the nonswitching high-frequency band. Finally, the 10-slot/8-pole FSCW PMSM is manufactured, and the tests on the prototype machine are implemented for verification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jialu Ding, Zhenyao Xu, Hongfeng Du, Fengge Zhang, Shuo Wang, Yuli Bao
{"title":"Thermal Analysis of Outer Rotor PMSM Based on Flat Heat Pipe Cooling Method","authors":"Jialu Ding, Zhenyao Xu, Hongfeng Du, Fengge Zhang, Shuo Wang, Yuli Bao","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heat pipe is a kind of heat transfer element with very high thermal conductivity, which has a good application prospect in high power density driving motors. However, the complicated heat transfer process involves a variety of mechanisms, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of temperature field modelling. Therefore, the equivalent thermal conductivity model of flat heat pipe (FHP) considering the influence of some factors was established. First, the mathematical model can fully consider the influence of the thickness of shell, the thickness of vapour chamber, the length of endothermic section and exothermic section on the equivalent thermal conductivity of FHP. Second, a test platform is built to test the equivalent thermal conductivity of FHP and the accuracy of established analytical model is verified. Finally, a 30-pole 36-slot high power density outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is designed. Based on the FHP cooling method, FHPs placed in stator yoke are analysed, and the influence of different cooling structures on motor temperature rise is compared. At the same time, the effect of forced air cooling on the temperature rise of the motor is discussed, which provides a valuable reference for the application of FHP in the motor cooling.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elvis Tamakloe, Benjamin Kommey, Jerry John Kponyo, Eric Tutu Tchao, Andrew Selasi Agbemenu, Griffith Selorm Klogo
{"title":"Predictive AI Maintenance of Distribution Oil-Immersed Transformer via Multimodal Data Fusion: A New Dynamic Multiscale Attention CNN-LSTM Anomaly Detection Model for Industrial Energy Management","authors":"Elvis Tamakloe, Benjamin Kommey, Jerry John Kponyo, Eric Tutu Tchao, Andrew Selasi Agbemenu, Griffith Selorm Klogo","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reactive and preventive maintenance strategies have been applied to avert transformer failures and safeguard their operations. However, these approaches have limitations of high operational downtimes, over- and under-maintenance issues, maintenance fatigue and revenue loss. The advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence have positively altered the machine and equipment maintenance landscape. Thus, predictive maintenance (PdM), in contrast to the above-listed maintenance approaches, has laid the foundation for improving transformer maintenance by identifying incipient failures to solve the existing challenges. Recent developments in predictive maintenance of distribution power transformers have made great strides, but to solve the current challenge of accurate fault identification, this study proposed a new model architecture (DMSA CNN-LSTM) using multimodal data fusion to address anomaly detection. A classification accuracy, F1-score, precision and recall of 0.9917, 0.9714, 0.9781 and 0.9647, respectively, were produced on a fused multimodal dataset at a computational time of 619.898 s. The performance was afterwards evaluated against other state-of-the-art benchmark models. The significance of this study lies in providing a scalable data-driven architecture suitable for real-time deployment in providing predictive solutions for transformers at a higher performance efficiency. This approach leverages deep neural networks that provide a comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic approach to mitigate transformer faults and breakdowns.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Direct model predictive torque control for permanent magnet synchronous motor with voltage vector parallel optimisation algorithm","authors":"Shejuan Qiao, Jin Huang, Yuhao Xu, Ke Song","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The multi-vector-based direct model predictive torque control (DMPTC) inherits the high control precise of vector control and the fast dynamic response of model predictive control. However, the cascade optimisation mode is difficult to guarantee the global optimal performance of the voltage vector (VV) combination, and results in invalid VV time duration in some cases as well as high calculation complexity. In this paper, for the predictive control of permanent magnet synchronous motors widely used in electric propulsion aircraft, a parallel optimisation DMPTC method is proposed to ensure that the multi-vectors applied are all optimal in each control cycle. The optimal double vectors are directly chosen locating the sub-region of the sector of reference VV. With only the absolute value of stator VV error term, the time duration is always in the valid range and robust to motor parameters. In addition, a cost function with a single control objective is designed to control the torque and flux cooperatively, eliminating the stator flux weighting factor and reducing the computation burden. The proposed method is compared with the recent predictive torque control strategies. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the dynamic response and steady-state performance while reducing computation burden and complexity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farhad Amiri, Mohsen Eskandari, Mohammad H. Moradi
{"title":"DeepServo: Deep learning-enhanced state feedback for robust servo system control","authors":"Farhad Amiri, Mohsen Eskandari, Mohammad H. Moradi","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Servo controllers are essential components in robotics, manufacturing, and various industrial applications. However, achieving fast and accurate reference tracking in servo systems remains challenging due to modelling uncertainties and external disturbances. In this paper, a hybrid control strategy is proposed that combines a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) state-feedback controller with deep learning to address these challenges. The LQR controller utilises system state measurements to optimise the control input, while the integration of a deep neural network enhances accuracy and dynamic response by adapting to changing system conditions. This approach provides robust control performance, effectively mitigating the impact of uncertainties and disturbances on servo system behaviour. The proposed method was validated using AC servo motors, among the most common servo systems, though the approach is adaptable to other servo-like systems. Comparative evaluations are conducted against existing methods, including SIMC-SMC, 2DOF-IMC-SMC, 2DOF-IMC-PID, and SIMC-PD controllers, focusing on the angular position control of a servo motor. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller outperforms these methods in terms of robustness, precision, and disturbance rejection. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed LQR-deep learning framework to significantly improve servo system performance across a wide range of applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143431679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Bapiri, Abolfazl Vahedi, Hossein Azizi Moghaddam
{"title":"Analytical model for ring winding axial flux permanent magnet motor using Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping","authors":"Mohammad Bapiri, Abolfazl Vahedi, Hossein Azizi Moghaddam","doi":"10.1049/elp2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, there has been a growing interest in new permanent magnet (PM) motor topologies. However, these newly developed PM motors are still in their early design stages and face various challenges. In order to overcome these drawbacks, further development of these motor topologies is necessary. One such new motor topology is the ring winding axial flux permanent magnet (RWAFPM) motor. Enhancing the performance of this motor requires optimising its geometry, which can be a time-consuming process when using the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). It is essential to propose a two-dimensional model that offers faster processing but lower accuracy to address this issue compared to 3D FEM for this motor. Due to the three-dimensional structure of ring-winding axial flux machine|axial flux motors, creating a two-dimensional (2D) model for this motor presents a significant challenge. In this article, while studying the RWAFPM motor, the simplifications to the motor's geometry have been proposed in order to create a 2D model that provides sufficient accuracy as a substitute for 3D FEM. To validate our findings, the Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping technique has been employed to extract the modelling results. Finally, these findings have been compared with the outcomes obtained from the 3D simulation. Validation. Validation of 3D finite element results has been done by experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":13352,"journal":{"name":"Iet Electric Power Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/elp2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}