Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive leucocyte subsets assay in healthy adults using multiparametric flowcytometry.","authors":"Nupur Das, Rahul Katharia, Swati Pabbi, Kusum Gupta, Prashant Mehta, Pravas Mishra, Soni Morya","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_124_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_124_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Comprehensive immune-cell subset characterisation in healthy adults is the prerequisite for enabling accurate diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies and informed therapeutic decision-making in targeted immunotherapies. Herein, we aim to establish biological reference intervals (BRIs) for leukocyte subsets for interpreting immunophenotypic data and identifying deviations in different pathological settings. Methods This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and research centre in northern India over a period of six months using standardised multiparametric flow-cytometric immunophenotyping (FCMI). Peripheral blood from 120 healthy adult donors was analysed by 13-color, 15-parameter flow cytometry (Beckman Coulter Dx Flex). Thirty-seven leucocyte subsets were identified based on expression of surface markers including lymphoid (B, T and their subsets), myeloid (granulocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes and its subsets) and NK cell subsets. Frequencies and absolute counts were compared across gender and age groups by Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P≤0.05). Results Males showed higher median total lymphocytes, absolute T-cells, cytotoxic T and memory T-regs, while females exhibited higher % of T-lymphocytes, helper T cells, and early terminally differentiated effector memory re-activating cells (TEMRA ) fractions. B-cell analysis revealed higher mature, transitional, switched-memory, and circulating plasma-cell counts in males. Naïve B cells remained the predominant subset across adulthood, showing biphasic variation with age, while memory B cells peaked in early adulthood, followed by a decline. Interpretation and conclusions When compared with Euro-Flow data, Indian adults displayed overall concordance with global reference ranges, though with broader variability in T and B subsets. These baseline values will refine immune monitoring, improve diagnostic precision in immunodeficiency disorders and guide therapeutic decisions in immune-modifying therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 3","pages":"461-468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden barriers and ground reality in implementing Supreme Court of India directives to withdraw/withhold life-sustaining medical treatment.","authors":"Amarja Ashok Havaldar","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1266_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1266_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 3","pages":"497-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns in biomedical research funding in India: An analysis of ICMR small and intermediate grants (2023-2025).","authors":"Priyanka Verma, Atul Kumar, Deepika Mishra, Varun Surya","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3609_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3609_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) funds small and intermediate grants to help researchers conduct their own biomedical research. The study examined the ICMR-funded small and intermediate grant projects between 2023 to 2025 to evaluate institutional involvement, thematic concentration, and geographic dispersion. Methods The data were extracted manually from six publicly available ICMR funding lists for small and intermediate grants (2023-2025). Institutes were categorised as: medical and non-medical/technical. We used keywords to code project titles so we could find the main research themes. We also looked at the geographic distribution based on where the grantee institute was located. Results Out of 1,766 project grants, 1,220 (69.1%) of the projects that got funding were from government institutions, while 546 (30.9%) were from private, trust, or NGO institutions. Medical institutions received 1,084 (61.4%) of grants, while non-medical/technical institutions received 682 (38.6%) grants with technical institutions increasingly participating throughout the study period. Subjects receiving maximum funding were oncology, infectious diseases (especially tuberculosis), and non-communicable diseases. About 70% of the funded projects were from institutions in north and south India, combined. Interpretation and conclusions The analysis shows that medical and technical institutions are getting almost similar funding from ICMR between 2023 and 2025. Geographic and institutional concentration remains high in north/south India. These results shed light on recent trends in funding distribution and point out areas where research capacity could be improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 3","pages":"482-488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acinetobacter baumannii resistance trends in an ICU from Saudi Arabia over 12 years.","authors":"Yahya Shabi, Abdullah Algarni, Khalifa Binkhamis, Ali Somily, Ali Al Bshabshe, Abdullah Alshahrani, Tarik Alazraqi, Safia Abdullah Mohammed, Sara Habbash, Abdulah J Alqahtani, Ihab M Abdelrahim, Ebtisam Sa Hassanin, Abdulah Os Bawazeer, Ahmadiyah Siddiq","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_71_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_71_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Acinetobacter baumannii is a major intensive care unit (ICU)-associated pathogen due to associated extensive drug resistance. Regional data from southern Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study aimed to describe overall and temporal resistance patterns of ICU-associated A. baumannii. Methods We conducted a 12-y retrospective study (August 2012- August 2024) at Aseer Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia, analysing Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates from ICU and non-ICU settings. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed using the VITEK® 2 system, with susceptibility interpreted per CLSI M100 guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) and difficult-to-treat resistance phenotypes were defined. Temporal trends were assessed via logistic regression. Results Of 3,935 isolates, 96.6% were A. baumannii. ICU-derived isolates (48.5%) showed significantly higher resistance rates across nearly all antibiotic classes compared to non-ICU isolates (P<0.001). Carbapenem resistance rates remained above 90% throughout the study period, while difficult to treat resistance ranged between 65.2 to 96.1%. Logistic regression revealed significant temporal declines in resistance to cefepime, ceftazidime, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones (P<0.001). Interpretation and conclusions Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from ICU settings in southern Saudi Arabia exhibit persistently high resistance, including carbapenem resistance and difficult-to-treat resistance. We observed significant temporal declines in resistance to selected agents, particularly cefepime, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. These findings highlight the critical role of ICU-focused antimicrobial stewardship, enhanced infection control strategies, and regional molecular surveillance to limit further spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 3","pages":"453-460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular subtyping and POLE mutation spectrum in endometrial carcinoma.","authors":"Megha Uppin, Derin Mary Thomas, Rajshekhar Shantappa, Meher Lakshmi Konatam, Ranganath Ratnagiri, Kaushik Puranum, Khalid Razzak, Shantveer G Uppin","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2714_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2714_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy and an emerging global health concern with limited molecular data from Indian cohorts. Our study investigated the molecular subtypes and POLE gene mutation spectrum in the South Indian cohort. Methods Molecular subtyping was carried out using ProMisE classification, categorising patients into four molecular subgroups. This involved immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins, p53abn, and Sanger sequencing for POLE mutations. POLE variants were further classified, and the pathogenicity was evaluated using in silico tools. Results Histopathology presented endometrioid carcinoma in 84.9% (n= 45) cases in our study. Molecular classification revealed POLE ultra-mutated (3.8%, n=2), MMR-deficient (18.9%, n=10), p53-abnormal (17.0%, n=9), and NSMP (37.7%, n=20) subgroups. POLE gene sequencing identified 11 exonuclease domain variants, including the recurrent endometrial carcinoma hotspot V411L (3.8% ,n=2) and ten non-hotspot variants such as T323I, T457M, T466I, V460M, L306P, P441S, A465V, T290I, E321K, and T278A (22.6%, n=12). Among these, six variants T466I, V460M, L306P, P441S, T290I, and E321K were unique in our cohort, and V460M, P441S, T290I, and E321K were predicted to have oncogenic potential. Clinically, p53abn tumours showed an aggressive phenotype with higher rates of advanced-stage disease and chemotherapy use (55.6%, n=5) compared with POLE-mutated (n=0), Mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) (37.5%, n=3), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP) tumours (10.0%, n=2). Interpretation and conclusions This study demonstrates that integrating molecular profiling with histopathology to develop clinically applicable assays strengthens endometrial carcinoma classification and improves routine prognostic assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 3","pages":"357-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its association with neuroinflammation in migraine.","authors":"Yasemin Atıcı, Esra Eruyar, Zeynep Ökten, Ceyhan Ceran Serdar, Muhittin A Serdar, Doğan Yücel","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3392_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3392_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Migraine is a common primary headache disorder associated with neuroinflammation, with evidence implicating gut microbiota and metabolites in neurological mechanisms pathways. Since trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), derived from dietary precursors by gut microbial metabolism, is associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative conditions, and its role in migraines is unclear, we aimed to evaluate whether serum TMAO level and related metabolites in migraine patients can be biomarkers. Methods A total of 106 participants were enrolled, consisting of healthy controls (n=46; mean age ± SD=39±8 yr old) and migraine patients (n=60). The migraine cohort was divided into migraine with aura (n=18; mean age±SD=33±11 yr old) and migraine without aura (n=42; mean age±SD=37±10 yr old), according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3). Blood samples were centrifuged, stored at -80°C, and analysed for TMAO, carnitine, betaine, and choline levels using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results There were no significant differences between the groups for age, smoking, or body mass index (BMI). Serum TMAO levels were significantly higher in patients with migraine with aura [2.75 (1.98-3.91) ng/mL] and migraine without aura [2.85 (2.08-5.53) ng/mL] compared to controls [1.40 (1.00-3.01) ng/mL] (P<0.001). Serum choline, betaine, and carnitine levels were significantly higher in the migraine groups (all P < 0.01). Interpretation and conclusions These findings indicate elevated TMAO levels in patients with migraine, suggesting a possible involvement of TMAO in migraine-associated neuroinflammatory processes. Targeted studies and cohort-based investigations are needed to clarify its role in migraine and evaluate its potential as a biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with psychoactive substance use among people in prisons: A multi-centre, cross-sectional study in India.","authors":"Ravindra Rao, Preethy Kathiresan, Ashwani Kumar Mishra, Atul Ambekar, Alok Agrawal, Roshan Bhad, Amit Arya, Sanjay Kumar Munda, Sourav Khanra, Arun Kandasamy, Ajeet Sidana, Uma Shankar Molanguri, Gojendra Singh Senjam, Dhrubajyoti Bhuyan, Kranti Kadam, Abdul Majid","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3378_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3378_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Large-scale studies on the prevalence of substance use disorder among people in prisons from developing countries such as India are limited, despite a sizeable number of individuals lodged in prisons. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of various psychoactive substance use among people in prisons in India, and to assess factors associated with psychoactive substance use in prison. Methods Seventeen prisons from 9 States representing different geographical regions of the country were selected. 7004 incarcerated people selected by systematic sampling were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results Majority were incarcerated for the first time (n=5372, 77%) and were under remand awaiting trial or sentencing (n=4537, 65%). The proportion of incarcerated persons with lifetime use of alcohol, cannabis, and opioids was 51% (n=3579), 20% (n=1383), and 11% (n=758), respectively. 21% (n=752) of alcohol users, 30% (n=411) of cannabis users, and 45% (n=340) of opioid users used alcohol, cannabis, and opioids respectively daily in the one month before their current imprisonment. 5.9% (n=412) used a psychoactive substance (including alcohol and illicit drugs) during their current imprisonment, most commonly, cannabis (3.9%, n=273). Multivariable regression showed that psychoactive substance use in prison was significantly associated with younger age [odds ratio (OR): 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 1.8], multiple imprisonment (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.0), cannabis use before imprisonment (OR: 5.5, 95% CI: 4.1, 7.4), and substance withdrawals inside prison (alcohol OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4, 2.4, cannabis OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 2.1, 4.1, opioids OR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.3, 4.2). Interpretations and conclusions The study documents high lifetime substance use among individuals in prisons in India and identifies various factors associated with substance use during current imprisonment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"295-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjacent segment disease following long segment instrumentation of lumbar spine: A finite element analysis study.","authors":"P Venkata Sudhakar, Aman Verma, Shivendra Kumar Sinha, Pankaj Kandwal, Bhaskar Sarkar, Inder Vir Singh","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3349_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3349_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Adjacent segment degeneration is a recognised consequence of spinal fusion, yet most finite element (FE) analyses emphasise controlled loading conditions such as flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending. Limited data exist on how real-world daily activities influence biomechanics at adjacent levels. This study aimed to quantify changes in range of motion and facet joint stresses at uninstrumented segments during common activities of daily living (ADLs) and to evaluate how increasing fusion length alters these parameters. Methods A validated FE model of the lumbosacral spine was developed using CT-based DICOM data from an individual with normal anatomy. After baseline validation against published range of motion data, the model was instrumented for various fusion lengths and subjected to forces representing typical ADLs, including sitting, forward bending with and without load, jumping, and lateral bending. Range of motion and facet joint stresses were recorded at adjacent unfused segments. Results Baseline range of motion values for flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending matched literature norms. Instrumentation led to a marked increase in range of motion at adjacent levels across all ADLs. The magnitude of increase rose exponentially with each additional cephalad level incorporated into the fusion construct. Facet joint stresses demonstrated a similar trend and were proportional to activity-related changes in range of motion. Caudal adjacent levels consistently experienced greater stresses than cranial levels. Interpretation and conclusions Adjacent-level range of motion and facet loading rise exponentially with longer fusion constructs, particularly under daily cyclical loads. Caudal segments endure disproportionately higher mechanical demands, potentially predisposing them to earlier degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"186-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of heart rate variability in normotensive and newly detected hypertensive adults in a tertiary care hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka.","authors":"Vishnupriya Gopinath, Yashashwini Anethyar, Madhu Basavegowda, Vijaya Vageesh, Mounika Sree Manivasagan, Chaithra Mallaiah, Uday Babu J, Vitta Shanmukha Srinivas","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_697_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_697_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Autonomic dysfunction plays a key role in blood pressure regulation, and heart rate variability (HRV) is a sensitive non-invasive marker of autonomic function. This study aimed to compare HRV among newly detected hypertensive and normotensive adults and to examine the association of HRV parameters with blood pressure levels. Methods This hospital-based case-control study included 52 participants (26 hypertensives and 26 normotensives). Time-domain HRV parameters, standard deviation of all normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and frequency-domain parameters, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio, were derived from electrocardiographic recordings. HRV parameters were compared between normotensive and hypertensive groups. Correlation with blood pressure and LF/HF was assessed using Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression was used to examine the independent association between HRV and blood pressure parameters. Significance was set at 5% (P< 0.05). Results Time-domain measures of HRV among hypertensives had lower SDNN [28.16 (21.75-39.50) ms2, P=0.020], and lower RMSSD [16.88 (11.79-25.51) ms2, P=0.003]. In the frequency domain, hypertensive individuals showed significantly lower HF [102.25 (53.73-209.75), P<0.001], and the LF/HF ratio was significantly higher [1.94 (1.60-3.19), P< 0.001]. LF/HF ratio correlated positively with systolic (rₛ=0.49) and diastolic blood pressure (rₛ= 0.50), both P<0.001. Multinomial logistic regression shows that higher systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with increased odds of sympathetic dominance [Odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% Confidence interval (CI) (1.04-1.15), P<0.001]. Interpretation and conclusions Newly detected hypertensive adults demonstrated reduced parasympathetic activity and increased sympathetic dominance, with the LF/HF ratio showing a significant positive association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and independently predicted hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"652-655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring gender-related patterns in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Limitations of current evidence.","authors":"Esra Eruyar","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_575_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_575_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"666-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}