Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献_第3页

Efficacy of structured exercise & relaxation techniques in managing post-COVID paraspinal myalgia in manual labourers of Belagavi, Karnataka: A quasi-experimental study. 有组织的运动和放松技术对卡纳塔克邦Belagavi体力劳动者covid后脊柱旁肌痛的治疗效果：一项准实验研究

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_827_2024

Vinit Singh, Nirmala Subhash Anand, Rajesh Shenoy

{"title":"Efficacy of structured exercise & relaxation techniques in managing post-COVID paraspinal myalgia in manual labourers of Belagavi, Karnataka: A quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Vinit Singh, Nirmala Subhash Anand, Rajesh Shenoy","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_827_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_827_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives This study compared the effectiveness of Progressive Muscle relaxation technique (PMRT) and Spinal Muscle Training (SMT) against Standard Neurosurgical Care (SNC) for the management of post-acute-COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)-associated paraspinal myalgia (PM), via changes in serum interleukin (IL)-17 and functional independence measured by Katz index of activities of daily living (ADL). Methods Male manual labourers aged 40-50 yr with PACS-associated PM were enrolled and allocated to the experimental group receiving PMRT and SMT and the control group receiving SNC delivered via telerehabilitation over 12 wk. IL-17 and ADL were measured pre- and post-intervention. Data analysis involved paired and unpaired t-tests, with a P value < 0.05 being statistically significant. Results There was a notable decrease in IL-17 in the experimental and control groups, from (31.13±3.68 pg/mL) to (18.96±2.56 pg/mL) and (31.05±4.24 pg/mL) to (28.89±4.58 pg/mL), respectively. The experimental group's ADL scores increased from 2.93±0.94 to 5.03±0.85, while the control improved from 2.5±1.13 to 3.53±1.04. The experimental intervention was supported by large effect sizes and statistically significant differences in IL-17 reduction and ADL improvement on inter-group comparisons. Interpretation & conclusions The combination of PMRT and SMT was significantly efficacious than SNC at lowering systemic inflammation and improving functional independence in PACS patients with PM. This study also highlighted the role of telerehabilitation in intervention delivery to socio-demographically limited populations. Future studies should investigate long-term effects and generalizability to larger populations.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunological memory in post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后的免疫记忆

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_1178_2025

Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit

引用次数: 0

Validating the maternal near miss review operational guidelines for teaching institutes in India: A retrospective five-year study. 验证印度教学机构产妇近错过审查操作指南：一项回顾性五年研究。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_828_2024

Charu Chandra, Keeranmayee Mishra, Chirag Doshi, Rahul Mangal, Apurba Anshuman Mishra, Vipin Narayan Sharma

{"title":"Validating the maternal near miss review operational guidelines for teaching institutes in India: A retrospective five-year study.","authors":"Charu Chandra, Keeranmayee Mishra, Chirag Doshi, Rahul Mangal, Apurba Anshuman Mishra, Vipin Narayan Sharma","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_828_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_828_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objective The World Health Organization working group defined maternal near miss (MNM) as women who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy. Our objective was to investigate the incidence of MNM events, identify the associated risk factors, and evaluate their outcomes. Additionally, we aimed to validate the MNM Review Operational Guidelines by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India, as a tool for medical colleges for MNM audits. Methods A five-year retrospective cohort analysis was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at a tertiary care teaching hospital. The study included 324 patients who were hospitalized over these five years and met the inclusion criteria of the MOHFW MNM operational guidelines. Results Our audit over five years revealed a maternal near-miss incidence ratio (NMIR) of 46.6 per 1,000 live births and a near-miss rate (NMR) of 44.6 per 1,000 obstetric admissions. Among the identified MNM cases, haemorrhage was the most common condition leading to MNM events, accounting for 250 out of 324 cases (77.1 %). Interpretation & conclusions The MNM cases act as an indirect marker of the quality of maternal healthcare services. Using a common operational guideline for monitoring MNM cases will simplify data reporting and streamline documentation across all teaching institutes, allowing meta-analysis of nationwide data in the future.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"44-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary guidelines across different countries & comparisons to dietary guidelines for Indians, 2024. 2024年，不同国家的饮食指南以及与印度饮食指南的比较。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_1674_2024

Rupal Manoj Shah, Geetanjali Sachdeva, Uddhav K Chaudhari

{"title":"Dietary guidelines across different countries & comparisons to dietary guidelines for Indians, 2024.","authors":"Rupal Manoj Shah, Geetanjali Sachdeva, Uddhav K Chaudhari","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1674_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1674_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Diet and lifestyle are important modifiable risk factors to reduce the global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this review, the Dietary Guidelines for Indians (DGI) were compared with one randomly selected country from each continent. The DGI were designed considering the traditional dietary diversity of the Indians' food habits. DGI are explicit for all age groups, including nutritionally vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women and older individuals. They include guidelines on pre-cooking and cooking methods, processed foods and other impactful health-related factors like sanitation, clean water supply and physical activity (PA). DGI, 2024 classified nutrient-rich food groups into 10 categories; however, all other countries' food groups range between 4-7 categories. Considering the cultural and socio-economic factors, differences were observed across countries' guidelines regarding recommendations for daily consumption of cereals, fruits, vegetables, pulses, legumes, flesh and dairy products. The unit of measurement, quantity of serving size, sample menus and frequencies of consumption differed across the countries based on availability, affordability and cultural practices in geographical locations. Dietary guidelines (DGs) for nutritionally vulnerable groups were not mentioned uniformly across the countries. Comparison of all DGs showed major emphasis on nutrient-rich food groups, limiting unhealthy fats and sugar and promoting PA. Regular monitoring, understanding the barriers and providing appropriate strategies to overcome them are the major steps to achieve the goals of accepting DGs for the general population. This review concludes by discussing possible barriers and recommending strategies to implement DGI, 2024.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"53-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding carbapenem resistant organisms (CROs) causing lower respiratory tract infections & their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. 解码引起下呼吸道感染的碳青霉烯耐药生物（cro）及其抗生素敏感性模式。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_1941_2024

Yasmin Muhammed, Sandeep Ninawe, Mahesh Reddy R, Sunita Patil, Kundan Tandel, Mayank Gedia

{"title":"Decoding carbapenem resistant organisms (CROs) causing lower respiratory tract infections & their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.","authors":"Yasmin Muhammed, Sandeep Ninawe, Mahesh Reddy R, Sunita Patil, Kundan Tandel, Mayank Gedia","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1941_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1941_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs) pose a significant global health problem. Emergence of Carbapenem Resistant Organism (CRO) has complicated the treatment of these infections. We conducted a retrospective analysis to identify the prevalence of CROs causing LRTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A total of 1041 respiratory samples received in the department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune were immediately processed as per standard guidelines and antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out with Vitek 2 Compact, Biomerieux. Results Klebsiella pneumoniae sub spp pneumoniae was the most isolated CRO in our study. A high level of resistance was observed among commonly used antibiotics in LRTIs. Interpretation & conclusions The resistance pattern highlights the limited efficacy of many standard antibiotics against CROs. This emphasizes the urgent need for antimicrobial stewardship and importance of colistin as the primary therapeutic choice, albeit with the need for prudent application.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twisting the truth: How the tobacco industry misleads the public through harm reduction. 扭曲真相：烟草业如何通过减少危害来误导公众。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_1145_2025

Diksha Walia, Sonu Goel

引用次数: 0

Pharmacological therapies for alcohol use disorder reduce hepatic decompensation & mortality in alcohol-related liver disease: A GRADE evaluation through a meta-analysis. 酒精使用障碍的药物治疗可降低酒精相关肝病的肝失代偿和死亡率：通过荟萃分析的GRADE评价

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_2086_2024

Manya Prasad, Mohit Varshney, Priyanka Aggarwal

{"title":"Pharmacological therapies for alcohol use disorder reduce hepatic decompensation & mortality in alcohol-related liver disease: A GRADE evaluation through a meta-analysis.","authors":"Manya Prasad, Mohit Varshney, Priyanka Aggarwal","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2086_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2086_2024","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives The role of behavioural therapies for alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been reported in patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD); however, that of pharmacological treatments is yet to be established. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the use of these pharmacological interventions in ALD for liver-related and patient-important outcomes, including abstinence. Methods We conducted a systematic search of four major databases. Title and abstract screening, full-text review, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled effect estimates with 95 per cent confidence intervals (CI). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) tool and categorised as high, moderate, low, or very low. Results Altogether, eleven studies (1 RCT and 10 cohort studies) were included in the systematic review and eight studies in the meta-analyses. Meta-analysis of two cohort studies (44813 participants) showed significantly lower odds of all-cause mortality with the use of AUD pharmacotherapy with acceptable statistical heterogeneity [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.86; 95% CI 0.79-0.93; I2 = 0%]. Meta-analysis of one RCT and three cohort studies (303 participants) for the outcome of abstinence revealed a pooled proportion of 47.5 per cent (95% CI, 42.1-52.9; I2 = 11.7%). The certainty in estimates was very low. Interpretation & conclusions The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that pharmacological therapies in ALD may reduce overall mortality and the incidence of hepatic decompensation. However, given the very low certainty of evidence, these findings should be interpreted with caution and underscore the need for well-designed trials.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AIIMS Mantle Cell Lymphoma Overall Survival (AMOS) & AIIMS Mantle Cell Lymphoma Event-Free Survival (AMES) scores: Development of novel indigenous survival prediction models & risk stratification for mantle cell lymphoma in the Indian population. AIIMS套细胞淋巴瘤总生存期（AMOS）和AIIMS套细胞淋巴瘤无事件生存期（AMES）评分：印度人口套细胞淋巴瘤的新型本土生存预测模型和风险分层的发展。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_106_2025

Soumyadeep Datta, Ajay Gogia, Naveet Wig, Shivam Pandey

{"title":"AIIMS Mantle Cell Lymphoma Overall Survival (AMOS) & AIIMS Mantle Cell Lymphoma Event-Free Survival (AMES) scores: Development of novel indigenous survival prediction models & risk stratification for mantle cell lymphoma in the Indian population.","authors":"Soumyadeep Datta, Ajay Gogia, Naveet Wig, Shivam Pandey","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_106_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_106_2025","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with considerable heterogeneity in clinical outcomes. Existing prognostic models, such as the MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI), demonstrate limited applicability in the Indian population due to differences in demographic and clinical profiles. This study was designed to develop indigenous prognostic tools to predict the survival of MCL patients from India. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 92 patients with MCL diagnosed and treated over the past decade. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters were reviewed to identify predictors of survival outcomes. Two prognostic models, the AIIMS MCL Overall Survival (AMOS) and Event-Free Survival (AMES) scores, were developed using multivariate logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with stratification into risk categories based on empiric score cut-offs. Results AMOS and AMES models demonstrated robust predictive performance with area under ROC curve values of 0.75 and 0.82, respectively. The AMOS score incorporated Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) and splenomegaly to predict two yr overall survival, while the AMES score included ECOG PS, B-symptoms, advanced stage, and rituximab maintenance (RM) to predict two yr event-free survival. Risk stratification revealed significant survival differences, with a median overall survival of nine months in the high-risk AMOS group compared to 75.5 months in the low-risk group. Similar trends were observed for event-free survival. Interpretation & conclusions AMOS and AMES scores are novel indigenous MCL survival prediction models. They are effective, pragmatic tools for risk stratification of MCL patients.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Indian experience with hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease: A 25-year systematic review. 羟基脲治疗镰状细胞病的印度经验：25年系统回顾

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_330_2025

Dipty Jain, Devang Sarvaiya, Sucheta Mehta, Senthilnathan Mohanasundaram, Jaideep Gogtay

{"title":"The Indian experience with hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease: A 25-year systematic review.","authors":"Dipty Jain, Devang Sarvaiya, Sucheta Mehta, Senthilnathan Mohanasundaram, Jaideep Gogtay","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_330_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_330_2025","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder caused by a mutation in the β-globin gene, leading to the production of abnormal haemoglobin and the deformation of red blood cells into a sickle shape. This results in serious complications, including vaso-occlusive crises (VOC), chronic anaemia, infections, stroke, acute chest syndrome, delayed growth, and multi-organ damage. SCD poses a significant public health burden in India, particularly among tribal populations. Hydroxyurea (HU) is a disease-modifying therapy known to increase foetal haemoglobin (HbF) levels and reduce SCD-related complications. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HU in Indian SCD patients. Methods A systematic review of 27 Indian studies (involving 3,817 patients with SCD), published between January 2000 and August 2024, was conducted. Studies were sourced from major databases, and included clinical trials, prospective and retrospective studies, and observational cohorts. Key outcomes assessed were HbF levels, VOC frequency, transfusion requirements, hospitalizations, and adverse effects. Results HU significantly increased HbF levels (10.9-77.3%), reduced VOC frequency by 79-93 per cent, and lowered transfusion needs by 50-85 per cent. Hospitalisations and anaemia also improved. HU was generally safe, with mild, reversible side effects like neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in few cases. Interpretation & conclusions HU is effective and well tolerated in Indian patients with SCD.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"28-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development & validation of a format for reporting endoscopic colonic biopsies. 内镜下结肠活检报告格式的开发和验证。

IF 2.5 4区医学

Indian Journal of Medical Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_355_2025

Kishore Khatri, Neha Bagga, Apoorvi Dubey, Rajni Joshee, Yogiraj Joshi

{"title":"Development & validation of a format for reporting endoscopic colonic biopsies.","authors":"Kishore Khatri, Neha Bagga, Apoorvi Dubey, Rajni Joshee, Yogiraj Joshi","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_355_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_355_2025","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives Non-neoplastic diseases make a considerable part of daily workload of gastroenterologist and an endoscopist. As there are only a few endoscopic findings in literature to suggest a large era of colonic diseases, endoscopic biopsy is a must, to reach a definitive diagnosis. This needs a checklist or a similar format that contains all the important histological features to be seen in a colonic biopsy which is currently lacking in published literature. Hence, this study aimed to develop a format for reporting endoscopic colonic biopsies a first of a kind as per our knowledge particularly for non-neoplastic colonic diseases using modified kappa statistics. Methods Seventy one questions were included in this format after searching in various search engines using various phrases. These questions were reviewed by experts and changes were done accordingly. The finalized questionnaire was further shared with 20 subject matter experts. Their feedback was utilized to determine the Content Validity Index (CVI), calculated at both the item level (I-CVI) and the overall scale level (S-CVI), along with the modified kappa coefficient. For studies involving more than six experts, an I-CVI of 0.78 and an S-CVI/average of 0.9 were considered acceptable benchmarks. Results Fourteen out of 20 experts responded. Mean I-CVI for relevance across all items was 0.933, S-CVI/Average (based on proportion data) across all experts was 0.94 and Mean I-CVI was well above 0.78 (0.928). Interpretation & conclusions The scores indicated a strong agreement among experts on various histological features to be seen in an endoscopic colonic biopsy. These findings clearly indicates that the format met the content validity criteria and hence histological sections of endoscopic colonic biopsies can be read using this format.","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"162 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145130698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0