Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Authors' response.","authors":"Amit Chakrabarti, Indranil Saha, Manoj Kalita, Debangana Bhattacharya, Bidisha Haque, Alisha Nagraj, Sovonlal Mukherjee, Vivek Benegal","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_470_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_470_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 3","pages":"317-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome to Om: Evolving journey of modern science to meta-science.","authors":"V M Katoch","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_399_2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_399_2025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 3","pages":"319-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco harm reduction policy: The old wine in a new bottle.","authors":"Joy Kumar Chakma, Swati Allen","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1832_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1832_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 3","pages":"226-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic determinants of the quality of life in boys suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy & their caregivers.","authors":"Titiksha Sirari, Renu Suthar, Pooja Kansra, Amarjeet Singh, Shankar Prinja, Manisha Malviya, Akashdeep Chauhan, Viyusha T Viswanathan, Vishwas Gupta, Naveen Sankhayan","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_83_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_83_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common childhood-onset muscular dystrophy, severely affecting the quality of life (QoL) of affected children and their caregivers. Socioeconomic status (SES) is directly correlated with QoL of many chronic and life-threatening diseases. This study aimed to understand the socioeconomic determinants of the QoL in boys affected with DMD and their caregivers. Methods The present paper analyses the cross-sectional data of a prospective study involving boys aged 5 to 15 yr with DMD and their caregivers. HrQoL of boys was assessed using EQ 5D-3L tool and PedsQL3.0 Neuromuscular Module, and overall global QoL of caregivers was assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). SES was assessed using the OP Agrawal scale. EQ-5D utility index, using adult tariffs, was applied to the Indian paediatric population for the first time. The correlation and association between QoL and SES covariates were analysed with Spearman, linear, stratified analysis, and multiple linear regression. Results A total of 100 families of boys with DMD were enrolled [median age 9 yr (IQR: 7.0-9.0), 91% ambulatory]. HrQoL scores of children as mean (S.D) EQ 5D utility score and PedsQoL for physical health were 0.58±0.38 and 77.7±17.7, respectively. Both were inversely correlated with advancing age and clinical severity of disease. HrQoL of boys has no significant correlation with their socioeconomic status(r=0.04; P=0.708). The average QoL of caregivers was assessed as moderate to good across four domains of WHOQOL-BREF. The environment and social relationship domain of QoL caregivers was positively correlated to EQ 5D utility scores (r=0.22 P=0.028 and r=0.21 P=0.033). QoL of the caregiver's environmental health, social relationship, and psychological health were directly correlated with SES on multiple linear regression after adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical predictors. The quality of physical health of caregivers was independent of any factor. Interpretation & conclusions Overall QoL of children with DMD and primary caregivers was found to below, and the QoL of children is not affected by SES. HrQoL of boys with DMD was inversely associated with the age/ progression of the disease but not with the socioeconomic status of the families. Lower socioeconomic status is inversely associated with the QoL of caregivers. Hence, QoL in boys can be addressed by accessible and effective therapeutic interventions, while tailored interventions and support programmes like patient-centered care that empower lower socioeconomic status can improve the QoL of caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 3","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of alcohol & tobacco use & mental health correlation among male coal miners in West Bengal.","authors":"Shampa Ghosh, Kannan Badri Narayanan, Krishna Kumar Singh, Jitendra Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1691_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1691_2024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 3","pages":"315-317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis in the elderly population: Findings from a State-level TB prevalence survey (2022) from India.","authors":"Prathiksha Giridharan, Ariarathinam Newtonraj, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Asha Frederick, Sriram Selvaraju","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1625_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1625_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Population-based data on tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology are sparsely available from India. A large-scale cross-sectional TB survey was conducted among individuals aged 15 yr and above across Tamil Nadu in India by the State government. Advanced age is one of the major risk factor for TB, so this study undertook a sub-analysis of the data on elderly population from the original TB survey sample. Methods The screening used digital X-ray and sputum testing to diagnose microbiologically confirmed PTB (MCPTB). Results In this study, 1,30,932 participants were screened for TB. Of them, 16,555 (12.64%) were elderly (≥60 yr). Among the elderly, the number of participants diagnosed with MCPTB was 74 (0.45%); MCPTB cases in adults< 60 yr of age were 170 (0.15%). Among the elderly, the crude prevalence of MCPTB per lakh was 447 [95% confidence interval (CI): 351-561], and the adjusted prevalence per lakh was 482 (95% CI: 385-578). Among adults, the crude prevalence of MCPTB per lakh was 130 (95% CI: 111-151), and the adjusted prevalence per lakh was 166 (95% CI: 137-195). Among the elderly population-adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of MCPTB was 2.99 (95% CI 2.25-3.98, P<0.0001). Male sex (aPR:2.54; 95% CI: 1.41-4.57), undernutrition (aPR: 3.53; 95% CI: 1.65-7.54), smoking (aPR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.02-3.71) and past history of TB (aPR: 2.26; 95% CI: 0.92-5.51) were having significantly higher aPR of MCPTB in the elderly population. The number needed to screen (NNS) to diagnose one individual with MCPTB among the elderly group was 224 (95% CI: 178-285), and the total screened population from 15 yr and above was 537 (95% CI: 473-611). Among the elderly participants, NNS was very low among those with a history of TB (56; 95% CI: 26-152), smokers (75; 95% CI: 52-112), and alcohol history (78; 95% CI: 55-114). Interpretation & conclusions Among the elderly individuals, the prevalence of MCPTB was threefold higher, and males, undernutrition, and smoking in the elderly were more likely to have TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 3","pages":"239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture risk prediction & kidney function at different stages of chronic kidney disease: A correlation study.","authors":"Karana Ram, Nipin Kalal, Rajesh Jhorawat, Ravindra Shukla, Arpit Agarwal, P Gangadevi","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1109_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1109_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Mineral bone disease commonly occurs in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases fracture risk due to deficiency in bone quality and quantity. The FRAX score attempts to estimate fracture risk better. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prediction and correlation of fracture risk with different stages of CKD. Methods This was a correlational study. Data were collected from 95 individuals at different stages of CKD using non-probability consecutive sampling. The clinical and laboratory parameters were compared with the FRAX score in all CKD patients. Results A total of 95 CKD patients with a mean age of 51.42±9.95 yr were selected. Of these, 66.3 per cent between 40-55 yr, 25.3 per cent were 56-70 yr, and 8.4 per cent were ≥70 yr. There were 62 (65.3%) males and 33 (34.7%) females, and more than half (60%) were from rural areas. Age (P<0.001), occupation (P<0.005), and area of residence (P<0.003) showed a significant association with the FRAX score for major osteoporotic fracture risk. The FRAX score for predicting hip fracture risk showed a significant association with factors such as age, occupation, and area of residence, with P values of <0.001, 0.003, and 0.031, respectively. Additionally, the FRAX score for assessing the risk of major osteoporotic fractures demonstrated a significant association with various stages of CKD (P=0.018). Similarly, for hip fracture, there was a significant increase in the risk between stage III and V CKD patients (P=0.038). Interpretation & conclusions Based on the study findings it was found that the FRAX score was significantly associated with different stages of CKD, both for major osteoporotic as well as hip fracture risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 2","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of telemedicine in STEMI care system: A five-year experience from Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"Justin Paul Gnanaraj, Anne Princy Steaphen, Aravazhi R, Arul Subbaiah Arunachalam, Arumugam M A, Balaji Pandian Palani, Balamurugan Raveendiran, Balasubramanian Sundaram, Cecily Mary Majella, Jaisankar Perumal, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Karthikeyan Ganesan, Kannan Balasubramani, Kannan Kumaresan, Kannan Perumal, Kannan Radhakrishnan, Kumaran Srinivasan, Manohar Ganesan, Munusamy Tamilmani, Muralidharan Azhakesan, Nachiappan K, Nageswaran Piskala Mohandoss, Nambirajan Jayabalan, Nandakumaran Mohanan, Pachaiyappan Padmnabhan, Rafic Babu Mohamed, Ragothaman Sethumadhavan, Ravichandran Edwin, Sabapathy Kannappan, Selvarani Gnanamuthu, Senthil Raj Krishan, Shilpa Prabhakar Satish, Darez Ahamed, Radhakrishnan Jagannathan","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_348_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_348_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Timely reperfusion reduces mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Telemedicine and social media have been shown to improve STEMI care in community settings as reported previously. We established a government-sponsored STEMI care system in the State of Tamil Nadu with a goal of enhancing guideline-directed revascularisation (GDR) in STEMI. This study aimed to improve GDR by networking non-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-capable hospitals with PCI capable hospitals in a hub-and-spoke model and implementing telemedicine through social media groups. Methods Eighteen Government medical college hospitals were provided cardiac catheterisation laboratories and linked to 188 Taluk and non-PCI capable Government hospitals forming 18 STEMI clusters. Telemedicine guidance on STEMI management was provided through WhatsApp groups created for each cluster. Cumulative daily data on the number of STEMIs, the revascularisation provided, and mortality were collected through free online web forms. Annual cumulative data on STEMI volumes and GDR were analysed. Results A total of 71,907 individuals were treated for STEMI from 2019 to 2023. A 67 per cent annual increase in the total individuals treated for STEMI was observed. The proportion of individuals receiving pharmaco-invasive therapy (PIT) increased from 7.9 to 31.7 per cent. There was a 68 per cent increase in the individuals receiving primary PCI. The number of individuals without GDR decreased by 20 per cent. There was a 6.7-fold rise in the individuals referred from spoke to hub hospitals for catheter-based revascularization. Overall mortality showed a marginal decrease from 8.7 to 8.4 per cent. Interpretation & conclusions Findings of this study suggest that a government-sponsored STEMI care system in a hub-and-spoke model, guided by telemedicine through social media groups will improve GDR in STEMI care in developing nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 2","pages":"125-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended spectrum, AmpC & metallo β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli in urinary isolates: A prospective study in north India.","authors":"Debjani Das, Prakriti Vohra, Pratibha Mane, Chavini K Shaozae","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_153_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_153_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives One of the most prevalent bacterial illnesses in humans is the urinary tract infection (UTI), which is frequently brought on by Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to assess the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of E. coli that causes UTIs and identify the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC), and metallo β-lactamases (MBL) using a variety of phenotypic techniques. Methods After urine samples were inoculated on cysteine lactose-deficient agar culture media, isolated colonies were identified using standard biochemical tests. These isolates were then screened using different phenotypic confirmatory methods for β-lactamase detection and the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Out of the total urine samples, 7.08 per cent (177/2500) were positive for the growth of E. coli, out of which 40.11 per cent (71/177) were multi-drug resistant. Among the 71 isolates, 31 per cent were ESBL producers, 62 per cent were AmpC producers, and 7.04 and 4.22 per cent were co-producers of ESBL and AmpC, and AmpC and MBL, respectively. The E. coli isolates were found to be highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (83.61%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (81.92%), and gentamicin (61%). However, these were sensitive to imipenem (98.3%), fosfomycin (97.17%), and nitrofurantoin (94.35%). Interpretation & conclusions Early detection of various resistance patterns as well as understanding of the local susceptibility patterns among E. coli strains causing UTIs, are imperative for accurate treatment modalities. This knowledge would subsequently contribute to the management of antibiotic resistance and surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 2","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of cfDNA levels in gallbladder cancer: A study using qPCR & threshold evaluation.","authors":"Arpita Jindal, Sandeep Nijhawan, Urvashi Vijay, Ashmeet Kaur, Rohitashwa Dana","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1651_2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMR_1651_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background & objectives Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, often due to late-stage diagnosis. Existing diagnostic methods are invasive and not always feasible in resource-limited settings. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as a potential non-invasive biomarker for malignancies, including GBC. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cfDNA levels in distinguishing GBC patients from healthy controls, considering its potential for early detection and personalised treatment. Methods This case-control study included 42 newly diagnosed GBC affected individuals and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma cfDNA was extracted using a bead-based protocol and quantified through quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the β-globin gene. Diagnostic thresholds were identified using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and precision-recall curve analyses, assessing sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. Results cfDNA levels were significantly elevated in GBC patients compared to controls (P<0.05), with a mean cfDNA level of 721 ng/ml. Four diagnostic offering distinct clinical thresholds were identified: 75.5 ng/ml, 130 ng/ml, 188 ng/ml, and 372.92 ng/ml. The ROC curve demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. cfDNA achieved high sensitivity (97.6% at 75.5 ng/ml) and 100 per cent specificity at 188 ng/ml. Interpretation & conclusion cfDNA serves as a reliable, non-invasive biomarker for GBC diagnosis, providing high diagnostic accuracy and utility in early detection and disease monitoring. These findings highlight cfDNA's potential as both a standalone diagnostic tool and a complementary marker to traditional tumour markers, enhancing diagnostic precision and aiding in personalised medicine. Its integration into diagnostic protocols can be particularly valuable in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"161 2","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12010786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}