Keratinophilic fungal infections in dermatology outpatients from a tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan.

Abstract

Background & objectives A marked increase in resistance and frequency of occurrence has led to changes in the clinical and epidemiological patterns of dermatophytosis. This study was conducted to assess the current distribution pattern of various species of dermatophytes, their seasonal variation, and distribution based on lesion site and occupational status in outpatients attending a tertiary care hospital in Southern Rajasthan. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over one year using skin, hair, and nail samples from individuals clinically suspected of dermatophytosis. All samples underwent screening with potassium hydroxide (KOH), followed by culture and processing using standard protocols for dermatophyte identification. Results Of the 70 samples received, 65 (92.3%) tested positive for dermatophytes. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical presentation, observed in 64.6 per cent of cases. Among the positive isolates, 95.4 per cent belonged to the Trichophyton genus, with Trichophyton rubrum being the predominant species (46.2%). A higher incidence of infection was noted in individuals from low-income groups (60%). Sharing of fomites (objects such as towels, clothing, or bedding that can carry infection) emerged as the most significant individual risk factor for dermatophytosis, followed by bathing frequency of less than three times per week. Interpretation & conclusions Accurate clinical diagnosis should be complemented by effective laboratory methods to ensure rapid and precise identification of dermatophytes, facilitating early diagnosis and timely treatment.