Indian Journal of Medical Research最新文献

{"title":"Sentinel serosurvey for Mpox virus infection among key populations in India: Evidence of sporadic past exposure beyond travel-related cases.","authors":"Megha Mamulwar, Sumit Aggarwal, Rima R Sahay, Sonal Saxena, Hasina Banu, Swagnik Roy, Manjusree S, Sudha Rani Vannavada, Kanwardeep Singh, Binoy Chandra R, Harikumar S K, Aparna Banerjee, Kannan Mariyappan, A K Srikrishnan, Vijay Nair, Mohan Mahant, Prajakta Kadale, Anita M Shete, Kuldeep Nigam, Neetu Vijay, Gayatri Bhambure, Rashmi G Shinde, Rajlaxmi Jain, Pournami A P, Shilpa Bembalkar, Raja Ray, Krishnaswamy Raj Hariandran, Megh Singh Dhakad, Athira R Nair, Srinath Mote, Deepak Mali, Ujjwala Gaikwad, Pragya D Yadav, Sheela Godbole, Nivedita Gupta","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_1015_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_1015_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Mpox, declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO, has demonstrated sporadic transmission globally. While India reported 66 confirmed cases predominantly linked to international travel, the possibility of silent community circulation remains unconfirmed, particularly within high-risk populations. Serological surveys are crucial for detecting past exposure, including asymptomatic infections that may be missed by clinical surveillance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anti-MPXV IgG and IgM antibodies and identify socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of seropositivity among key populations in India. Methods A multicentric, cross-sectional sentinel serosurvey was conducted between September 2023 to March 2024 across seven community-based organisation sites in India. A total of 1,790 participants aged 18-40 y (born after cessation of smallpox vaccination in India) were enrolled. Serological testing was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-MPXV IgG and IgM antibodies. Plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50) was used to assess functional neutralising antibodies against both MPXV and Vaccinia virus. Results Among 1,790 participants, 14 (0.78%) tested positive for anti-MPXV IgG, with no IgM positivity detected. IgG-positive individuals were predominantly male (57.1%), aged 31-40 y (85.7%), and sexually active (75.9%). Geographic distribution ranged from 0.34% (Delhi NCR) to 2.07% (Kerala). PRNT50 assay revealed functional neutralising antibodies against MPXV in 64.3% (9/14) of IgG-positive samples, with evidence of cross-reactive immunity to Vaccinia virus in 93.9% (13/14). Interpretation and conclusions This multicentric sentinel serosurvey identified very low Mpox virus seroprevalence (0.78%) among key populations in India, suggesting limited prior exposure. The absence of IgM antibodies indicates that infections were not recent and provides no evidence of ongoing community transmission during the study period. Detection of neutralising antibodies in a subset of IgG-positive individuals supports prior Orthopoxvirus exposure. These findings establish baseline sero-epidemiological evidence for Mpox in India and underscore the importance of periodic sentinel sero surveillance for early detection and outbreak preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"603-611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ transport via drones: A cold chain Indian innovation.","authors":"Sunil Shroff, Prabhu Rajagopal, Hemal Kanvinde, Ganesh Chandrasekar, Nishtha Mishra, Jaya Jairam","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_342_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_342_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Timely transport of donor organs is a critical determinant of successful transplantation because organ viability is limited by cold ischaemic time (CIT). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, have recently emerged as promising tools for rapid medical logistics. The present study describes the design, engineering validation, and field evaluation of a drone-compatible organ transport container capable of maintaining cold-chain conditions during aerial transport. Methods A multidisciplinary engineering framework integrating biomedical engineering, materials science and transplant logistics consultation was used to design a lightweight crash-resistant container. The system incorporates carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) with aluminium reinforcement for structural stability, phase change materials (PCMs) for passive thermal regulation, and embedded sensors for monitoring temperature and mechanical shocks. Structural simulations, laboratory drop tests, thermal stability experiments, and pilot drone flight trials were conducted to evaluate mechanical resilience and preservation performance. Results Finite element simulations demonstrated that the composite container could withstand anticipated operational loads with adequate safety margins. Drop tests from heights up to 18.3 m resulted in minimal structural deformation while the internal payload chamber remained protected. Thermal experiments confirmed that PCM-based cooling maintained preservation temperatures within 0-4 °C for more than 18 h. Drone flight trials using a hexacopter UAV confirmed stable payload handling and maintenance of cold-chain conditions during simulated transport. Interpretation and conclusions The prototype demonstrates proof-of-concept feasibility for drone-compatible organ transport. UAV-enabled logistics may complement existing organ transport systems by reducing delays associated with traffic congestion and coordination challenges. Further clinical validation and regulatory approvals are required before routine deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of childhood growth with adult lung function: A prospective urban birth cohort study from India.","authors":"Anubhuti Bansal, Aryeh D Stein, Santosh K Bhargava, Sikha Sinha, Anurag Agrawal, Harshpal Singh Sachdev","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2575_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2575_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives While some studies suggest that lower birth weight is associated with poorer adult lung function, findings regarding early childhood, adolescent, and adult growth variables remain inconsistent. We conducted this study to determine whether low lung function in Indians is related to lower birthweight and early growth. Methods The New Delhi Birth Cohort (NDBC) was used as the study population to examine patterns and periods of growth in infancy, childhood, and adolescence using a conditional growth model. Lung function data were collected using spirometry and the forced oscillation technique at approximately 50 yr of age. We further examined associations of conditional size measures with adult lung function outcomes using multiple linear regression models. Results Lung function was positively associated with weight till 5 yr of age. Further, an increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in conditional weight between 5-10 yr resulted in a decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC) of 50 mL [95% confidence interval (CI) -0.10 to 0.00 (P= 0.08)]. Between 10-50 yr of age, a negative association was observed between weight and lung function. Positive associations of some of the measures of lung function were observed with length at birth, 2 yr, adolescent height, and final adult height. An increase of 1 SD in conditional height between birth and two years resulted in an increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 130 mL (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.17). Interpretation and conclusion Birth weight and birth length, and greater than predicted linear growth throughout childhood, are independently associated with better adult lung function, in terms of spirometry and oscillometry. It is plausible that greater than predicted weight gain after 5 yr of age or during adolescence, or adulthood has an inverse association with lung function.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"316-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in unvaccinated children with nephrotic syndrome in disease remission.","authors":"Bharathidasan B, Malika Yadav, Aashima Dabas, Anju Sharma, Vikas Manchanda, Mukta Mantan","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_734_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_734_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Varicella-zoster (VZV) virus infection can be severe in children with nephrotic syndrome. Lack of varicella vaccination through the national immunisation programme in India leaves many vulnerable to infection. We conducted this study to document the seroprevalence of Varicella antibodies in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Methods This cross-sectional study (Oct 2024-May 2025) was conducted at a tertiary-care teaching hospital in India, in children (1-18 y) with nephrotic syndrome (both steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant) in disease remission. Serum VZV IgG antibodies were measured using the EUROIMMUN ELISA kit; titres ≥100 IU/L were considered seroprotective. Results 100 patients were enrolled (median age 8 y). None had received varicella vaccination, and only two reported prior infection. Overall seroprotection was 22% with a geometric mean titre of 9.472 IU/L [median (IQR) 7.59 (3.35; 73.38) IU/L]. No significant difference was observed in titres between steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (P=0.532), but seroprotection increased with age (11.1% in <5 y to 33.3% in >10 y). Interpretation and conclusions Low seroprevalence likely reflects the inadequacy of natural immunity and absence of routine varicella vaccination, warranting larger seroprevalence studies and future research on the need for priority immunisation for this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"647-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICMR Institutes: From research to impact-National Institute of Virology, Pune.","authors":"Shweta Tanwar","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3319_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3319_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"506-509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening performance of community-based assessment checklist compared with point of care screening tests to identify high-risk individuals for diabetes and hypertension in urban Mysore, India.","authors":"Arin Kar, Shashi Kumar Munegowda, Vidyacharan Malve, Prabhudev B Gowda, Swaroop N Gowda","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_78_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_78_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives This study validates the discriminative ability of a community-based assessment checklist (CBAC) compared with other point-of-care tools for community screening to identify individuals at high risk of diabetes and hypertension. The data for this study were collected during 2019-20 in selected areas of Mysuru city, Karnataka. Methods CBAC was administered to residents aged 30 yrs and above, without known cases of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or cancer. Random capillary blood glucose (RCBG) and blood pressure (BP) were measured for comparison with the CBAC score. Screening performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and the area under the curve (AUC). Results CBAC was administered to 32,686 people, and 31,594 had complete data for CBAC and RBS, and 32,645 had both CBAC scores and BP values. The analysis showed a poor AUC of 0.62 (95% CI: 0.61-0.63) for identifying individuals at risk of diabetes with RCBG value of ≥140 mg/dL and an AUC of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.60-0.61) for individuals at risk of hypertension with BP values of (systolic ≥140 mmHg OR diastolic ≥90 mmHg). Youden's index indicated that the CBAC cut-off of >4, though optimal for both at-risk of diabetes and hypertension, was poor at 0.17 and 0.15, respectively. Interpretation and conclusions The discriminative ability of CBAC was found to be poor compared with other point-of-care tools. We propose that trained frontline health staff administer RCBG and BP tests alongside the CBAC to enable more efficient public health triaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 2","pages":"227-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Management of T cell responses by anesthetic drugs-propofol & isoflurane in perioperative breast cancer patients: A prospective hospital-based study.","authors":"","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_2382_23_ER_1","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_2382_23_ER_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity-related bone fragility: An emerging clinical paradox.","authors":"Nitin Kapoor, Lakshmi Nagendra, Ambrish Mithal","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3268_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3268_2026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"503-505"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From invasion to infection: The worldwide expansion and arboviral transmission potential of Aedes albopictus.","authors":"Surendra Kumar, Pallipurath R Sreelakshmi, Souvik Mitra, Samyak Moon, Shalini Singh, Prajwal Gaikwad, Shrinivasa Basavaraj, Vishal Rai, Anakkathil Balan Sudeep, Abhishek Rajpurohit, Rathinam Balasubramanian","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_3517_2025","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_3517_2025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has emerged as a globally invasive vector of major public health concern. This review synthesises current evidence on its invasion biology, vector competence, ecological plasticity, and expanding epidemiological significance, with particular emphasis on arboviral transmission dynamics. A comprehensive review of experimental, field-based, and modelling studies was conducted to identify determinants of vector competence and transmission risk, including Wolbachia-mediated viral interference, temperature-driven changes in extrinsic incubation period, vertical transmission, insecticide resistance, insect-specific flaviviruses, and climate-associated range expansion. Ae. albopictus is less competent than Ae. aegypti for arbovirus transmission, temperature profoundly influences larval development, adult survival, biting frequency, external incubation period, and viral dissemination, thereby linking climate change to increased epidemic potential rather than mere geographic spread. Vertical transmission mainly sustains inter-epidemic persistence, while geographic variability in insecticide resistance influences transmission dynamics. The expanding distribution, ecological plasticity, and evolving insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus underscore its growing role in global arboviral emergence. Climate change is projected not only to widen its geographic range into temperate regions but also to enhance transmission potential, increasing epidemic risk. With climate change, Ae. albopictus represents a growing global threat for arboviral disease emergence, demanding urgent policy action to strengthen early-warning surveillance, anticipate vector expansion, and implement innovative, sustainable control interventions before large-scale outbreaks occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"593-602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of dietary diversity with anaemia among children (6 mo-9 y) in Puducherry, South India: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Nishaant Ramasamy, Ruben Raj, V V Prasad Reddy Dungi, Jayalakshmy Ramakrishnan, Rakhee Kar, Gautam Roy","doi":"10.25259/IJMR_107_2026","DOIUrl":"10.25259/IJMR_107_2026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and objectives Limited regional data exist on the relationship between dietary diversity and haemoglobin level in children. We investigated the association between dietary diversity and food variety with anaemia in children between 6 mo to 9 y of age at Puducherry, South India. Methods Utilising a cross-sectional analytical design, 217 mother-child dyads were enrolled using multistage sampling. Data on 24-h dietary recall, anthropometric measurements, and haemoglobin assessment using Hemocue 201 device were recorded. From the 24-h dietary recall, the dietary diversity score was calculated as the number of food groups consumed from nine predefined food groups, while the food variety score represented the total number of individual food items consumed. Associations of dietary diversity with anaemia was reported as a prevalence ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In our study, 68.7% (n=90) of children aged 6 to 59 mo and 36.1% (n=31) of children aged 5 to 9 y were anaemic. A significant association was observed between lower dietary diversity scores and food variety scores with a higher prevalence of anaemia. Children with a dietary diversity score of less than 4 were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05 - 1.67) times more likely to be anaemic than those with higher scores. The median food variety score was lower among anaemic children compared to non-anaemic children (median: 6 vs. 7; P= 0.002). We also identified younger age, female sex, rural residence, and lower socioeconomic status as significant predictors of anaemia. Interpretation and conclusions The findings highlight the importance of dietary diversity in the causation of anaemic in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13349,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","volume":"164 4","pages":"612-620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}