IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement最新文献_第4页

An Iterative Method Combining Fuzzy Fusion and Fisher Vectors for Concealed Object Detection in Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging 基于模糊融合和Fisher矢量的被动毫米波成像隐藏目标检测迭代方法

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565245

Bo Fang;Dong Zhu;Yayun Cheng;Fei Hu;Yanyu Xu;Xinpeng Chen;Jingyu Tao;Cheng Guo

{"title":"An Iterative Method Combining Fuzzy Fusion and Fisher Vectors for Concealed Object Detection in Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging","authors":"Bo Fang;Dong Zhu;Yayun Cheng;Fei Hu;Yanyu Xu;Xinpeng Chen;Jingyu Tao;Cheng Guo","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565245","url":null,"abstract":"Passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging technology holds potential in security checks by revealing the brightness temperature (BT) difference between concealed objects and the human body. However, existing region-based methods for detecting objects in PMMW multipolarization imaging suffer from the poor performance of regional segmentation. To address the concerns mentioned, this article presents an iterative method combining fuzzy fusion and Fisher vectors, named ICFFFV. First, the multipolarization membership degree vectors from contrast images of low BT (CILBTs) are analyzed. This leads to a multipolarization fuzzy fusion that constructs potential target regions. Next, a new index searching-assisted re-segmentation strategy is introduced from the analyses of inaccurate segmentation and superpixels near the body edge. It mitigates the impact of inaccurate object segmentation and superpixel interference near the body edge. Finally, the subregional contrast of the Fisher vector (SCFV) image is combined with the fuzzy fusion image. Following a feedback-based iterative manner, it protects the edge pixels of objects while suppressing clutter pixels. The experiments validate the enhancement performance and the effectiveness of improving detection performance at pixel and region levels.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Speed Up Monitoring Orthodontic Treatments by Using Gingival Crevicular Fluid FT-IR Spectroscopy in ATR Geometry 利用ATR几何中的龈沟液FT-IR光谱加快正畸治疗监测

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565240

Maria Lepore;Marianna Portaccio;Fabrizia d’Apuzzo;Ludovica Nucci;Vincenzo Grassia;Marco Annunziata;Carlo Camerlingo

{"title":"Speed Up Monitoring Orthodontic Treatments by Using Gingival Crevicular Fluid FT-IR Spectroscopy in ATR Geometry","authors":"Maria Lepore;Marianna Portaccio;Fabrizia d’Apuzzo;Ludovica Nucci;Vincenzo Grassia;Marco Annunziata;Carlo Camerlingo","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565240","url":null,"abstract":"Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an exudate originating in the epithelium lining of the gingival sulcus. GCF analysis can represent a simple and noninvasive tool for monitoring periodontal and bone remodeling during the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Previous work has demonstrated that Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy on GCF gives interesting information on the changes occurring in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents during orthodontic treatments. Consequently, FT-IR spectroscopy can be considered a useful tool for monitoring OTM in a clinical environment. To this aim, it is important to shorten the spectra acquisition times and optimize the data analysis procedures. In this article, a faster procedure for collecting GCF spectra has been adopted by exploiting the attenuated total reflection (ATR) contact sampling method, which allows the collection of good-quality infrared spectra with no sample preparation. In this case, the spectra have been directly acquired on the supports used for collecting GCF avoiding any time-consuming extraction procedure. Furthermore, to optimize the data analysis procedures, different methods have been applied and new biomarkers have been identified for promoting a robust and rapid characterization of GCF, allowing more personalized orthodontic treatment by reducing any side effects.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Variational Bayesian Approach for Extended Target Tracking 基于高斯混合模型的变分贝叶斯扩展目标跟踪方法

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565347

Bao Liu;Ziwei Wu;Qiang Liu

{"title":"Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Variational Bayesian Approach for Extended Target Tracking","authors":"Bao Liu;Ziwei Wu;Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565347","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a new Gaussian mixture model-based variational Bayesian approach (VBSDD-ETT) for solving the problem of skew-dense distribution (SDD) of measurement points in the extended target tracking (ETT). Random matrix-based ETT often presumes that the measurement points are evenly dispersed across the entirety of the ellipse object. However, its performance will significantly decrease when measurement points are SDD. The proposed VBSDD-ETT approach not only solves this issue, but also obtains recursive estimation within a Bayesian framework. Specifically, a new Gaussian mixture model that uses translations, scaling, and rotations of subellipses is proposed to address the problem of SDD. Second, a VBSDD-ETT approach based on the Gaussian mixture model is presented to derive the posterior distribution in an analytical form. Also, we propose a VBSDD-ETT-based information-theoretic interacting multiple model (ITIMM-VBSDD) algorithm to tackle the problem of model uncertainty caused by the maneuvering of the target. The ITIMM-VBSDD algorithm can obtain more accurate estimation results of the kinematic state and extension. Finally, the performances of VBSDD-ETT and ITIMM-VBSDD are evaluated in the simulation and real scenarios. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared with existing random matrix methods.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Graph-Optimized Encoder–IMU Fusion for Robust Pipeline Robot Localization in Confined Spaces 基于图形优化编码器- imu融合的管道机器人受限空间鲁棒定位

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3563029

Jianliang Mao;Wenxin Song;Hongpeng Liang;Fei Xia;Chuanlin Zhang

引用次数: 0

DTV-NET: An Iterative Reconstruction Network for Incomplete Projections in Static CT DTV-NET：静态CT不完全投影的迭代重建网络

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565338

Chunliang Ma;Yukang Wang;Keyang Zha;Yunxiang Li;Shouhua Luo

{"title":"DTV-NET: An Iterative Reconstruction Network for Incomplete Projections in Static CT","authors":"Chunliang Ma;Yukang Wang;Keyang Zha;Yunxiang Li;Shouhua Luo","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565338","url":null,"abstract":"The Nanovision static computed tomography (CT), a novel CT scanning system, employs a multisource array and a flat-panel detector array fixed on two parallel planes with a constant offset. Unlike conventional CT systems, this static CT acquires full projection views in axial scanning mode using a focus-shifting technique combined with small-angle gantry rotation. This unique scanning protocol limits the angular range of each source, enabling complete scan acquisition. However, the large cone angle between the sources and the detector, combined with the uneven clustering of projections inherent in multisource acquisition, leads to significantly incomplete projections. Consequently, significant cone-beam artifacts and uneven sparse-angle artifacts coexist, degrading the reconstructed image quality. To address these issues, this article proposes a deep iterative network based on directional total variation (DTV) regularization (DTV-Net). DTV-Net incorporates DTV as a regularization term within the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) framework, achieving both artifact suppression and rapid convergence. Specifically, it employs an encoder-decoder architecture and a head attention block (HAB) module to adaptively adjust threshold parameters in the gradient space, effectively removing redundant gradient information corresponding to artifacts. During end-to-end training, we integrated the ASTRA toolbox with tensorized representations and introduced a tensorized projection operator (TPO) tailored for the multiflat-panel detector array, optimizing iterative forward and backward projections. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed DTV-Net algorithm outperforms prior art solutions on both simulation and clinical data.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of Carbon Emission Concentrations in Blast Furnaces Based on Digital Twin 基于数字孪生的高炉碳排放浓度预测

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565252

Dingsen Zhang;Kaicheng Shang;Yingwei Zhang;Ruijie Wang;Yongnan Jin;Lin Feng

{"title":"Prediction of Carbon Emission Concentrations in Blast Furnaces Based on Digital Twin","authors":"Dingsen Zhang;Kaicheng Shang;Yingwei Zhang;Ruijie Wang;Yongnan Jin;Lin Feng","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565252","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately predicting CO2 and CO emission concentrations in blast furnaces is essential for the sustainable development of the steel industry and achieving carbon neutrality. This article proposes a novel method for predicting blast furnace carbon emission concentrations based on digital twin. First, a gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is used to select unobstructed flame portions from top thermal images, and features are extracted from these images using ResNet50 and an autoencoder. Independent component analysis (ICA) is then applied to extract non-Gaussian independent source features from the image data, which serve as input to a random forest (RF) model. Second, a mechanistic model is used to construct the temperature field within the blast furnace. Using ICA inverse transformation to reconstruct the important features of the images, and combining them with operational parameters and temperature field features to establish a feature-sharing matrix. Principal component analysis (PCA) is then used to extract principal components, which serve as input to an ensemble of random vector functional-link networks (RVFLNs). Finally, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to fuse the outputs. The results show that the proposed model achieves mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of 0.8742% for CO2 and 0.8396% for CO concentrations, indicating high accuracy and practical application value.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Sensitivity of Gas Pressure Sensor Based on FPIs With Harmonic Vernier Effect 基于谐波游标效应的fpi气体压力传感器灵敏度提高研究

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565337

Qichang Jiang;Su Sheng;Fulin Chen;Zinan Tu;Yuanqing Wang;Xinyu Liu;Jian Wen;Chao Jiang

{"title":"Enhanced Sensitivity of Gas Pressure Sensor Based on FPIs With Harmonic Vernier Effect","authors":"Qichang Jiang;Su Sheng;Fulin Chen;Zinan Tu;Yuanqing Wang;Xinyu Liu;Jian Wen;Chao Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565337","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a high-sensitivity fiber optic gas pressure sensor based on the first-order harmonic Vernier effect (FHVE). The sensor comprises two parallel Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI): a sensing cavity and a reference cavity. The sensing cavity, formed by a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a capillary tube filled with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, creates a closed-air microcavity (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$214~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m in length) that also reflects light. The reference cavity, constructed by fusing an SMF at both ends of a capillary tube, ensures high stability. By matching the free spectral ranges (FSRs) of the sensing cavity (FPI1) and reference cavity (FPI2), the traditional Vernier effect achieves a gas pressure sensitivity of −58.8 nm/MPa, 19.73 times higher than that of FPI1 alone. Furthermore, by setting the FSR of FPI1 to approximately half that of a modified reference cavity (FPI3), the FHVE enhances sensitivity to −83.03 nm/MPa, 27.86 times greater than FPI1. The sensor demonstrates minimal temperature cross-sensitivity, with gas pressure variations of only 2.44 kPa/°C. Key advantages include high sensitivity, robust mechanical strength, compact size, ease of fabrication, and cost-effectiveness, making it ideal for pressure monitoring in harsh environments such as offshore oil drilling and underwater operations.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-Domain Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks for Predicting the Contact Force Curve of Pantograph–Catenary System in High-Speed Railway 高速铁路受电弓接触网系统接触力曲线预测的双域条件生成对抗网络

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565351

Jinfa Guan;Hui Wang;Xufan Wang;Xiangyu Meng;Yang Song;Zhigang Liu

{"title":"Dual-Domain Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks for Predicting the Contact Force Curve of Pantograph–Catenary System in High-Speed Railway","authors":"Jinfa Guan;Hui Wang;Xufan Wang;Xiangyu Meng;Yang Song;Zhigang Liu","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565351","url":null,"abstract":"In electric railways, the current collection quality of pantograph–catenary systems (PCSs) is typically evaluated through numerical simulations using the finite element method, which is computationally expensive and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we propose a surrogate modeling approach that trains a conditional generative model to approximate the output of the reference numerical model. Specifically, we introduce dual-domain conditional generative adversarial networks (DD-CGAN) to generate contact force (CF) curves for various PCS parameter configurations. The generator network takes system parameters as input and produces the corresponding CF curve, while the discriminator network distinguishes between real and predicted curves in both the time and frequency domains, ensuring greater consistency. Furthermore, the feature fusion module is proposed to extract and integrate time- and frequency-domain features by using a multiscale channel attention (MSCA) mechanism. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of DD-CGAN for surrogate modeling of pantograph–catenary interactions. The CF curves generated by our method exhibit high consistency with simulation results from high-fidelity numerical models with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.9815, which is six times more accurate than state-of-the-art methods. Most importantly, our method achieves a speedup of nearly <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1000times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to traditional numerical simulations, highlighting its potential for practical use in designing and optimizing catenary structural parameters.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arbitrary Waveform Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave LiDAR System 任意波形调频连续波激光雷达系统

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565249

Anning Pang;Zhongji Yan;Tianzhu Zhang;Yalong Hai;Anhong Dang

{"title":"Arbitrary Waveform Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave LiDAR System","authors":"Anning Pang;Zhongji Yan;Tianzhu Zhang;Yalong Hai;Anhong Dang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565249","url":null,"abstract":"With advantages of high-precision 3-D imaging and simultaneous measurement of target distance and velocity, frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has great potential in the fields of autonomous driving, military, and aerospace. However, frequency-modulated (FM) nonlinearity significantly deteriorates its ranging accuracy and has become a problem that cannot be neglected. This article proposes an arbitrary waveform FMCW (AW-FMCW) system, in which the distance of target is extracted precisely irrespective of the FM waveform employed. In proposed AW-FMCW system, the correlation between the phase of coherent signal and the FM waveform of tunable laser is rigorously deduced and analyzed. The distance of target is extracted utilizing minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) estimation. The low-bandwidth short-distance (LBSD) approximation is proposed to simplify the process of the estimation and quadrature coherent detection is employed to acquire the phase signal. The performance in terms of the measured distance and the precision of AW-FMCW system is theorized in detail and validated by Monte Carlo simulations and experiments. In the experiments, three different FM waveforms are utilized for ranging of targets at six different distances, and 0.279 mm ranging precision and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.35times 10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> relative precision are realized at 2.06 m target detection.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A High-Performance Water Film Thickness Sensor With Reconfigurable Phase Structure

IF 5.6 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Pub Date : 2025-04-29 DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2025.3565247

Lei Han;Guoxin Yang;Zepeng Cao;Chuanbiao Liu;Yuan Chen;Qingan Huang

{"title":"A High-Performance Water Film Thickness Sensor With Reconfigurable Phase Structure","authors":"Lei Han;Guoxin Yang;Zepeng Cao;Chuanbiao Liu;Yuan Chen;Qingan Huang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2025.3565247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3565247","url":null,"abstract":"Severe weather, such as rainstorms, significantly increases the wetness of expressway pavement, which seriously affects road traffic safety. Therefore, achieving low cost, high performance, and real-time monitoring of water film thickness can help reduce the risk of traffic accidents. Sensors based on the spectral intensity method, resonance method, and other methods are limited by cost, performance, and integrated applications. Therefore, this article adopts the principle of microwave signal reflection to achieve a water film thickness sensor with a large range, high accuracy, and high resolution. The electromagnetic simulation and parameter optimization on the water film thickness sensor have been initially conducted, followed by the design of a phase-reconfigurable circuit structure. This structure is designed to endow the phase difference voltage curve output by the sensor with characteristics of interlaced symmetric axes and complementary slopes, thereby significantly enhancing the detection accuracy and resolution of the sensor. Experimental results demonstrate that the water film thickness sensor designed in this study achieves a measurement range of up to 7 mm, with an accuracy reaching 0.05 mm and a resolution as high as 0.005 mm.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":"74 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0