Lehai Liu;Fengrong Bi;Jiewei Lin;Tongtong Qi;Xin Li
{"title":"Data-Driven Optimization Strategy of Microphone Array Configurations in Vehicle Environments","authors":"Lehai Liu;Fengrong Bi;Jiewei Lin;Tongtong Qi;Xin Li","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485461","url":null,"abstract":"Microphone array (MA) speech enhancement is a crucial component of vehicle intelligence. However, the complex acoustic environments and the spatial constraints of array layouts present challenges for the design and implementation of MAs in intelligent vehicles. This study proposes a data-driven optimization strategy for constructing the optimal MA configuration in-vehicle environments. We first developed a novel in-vehicle noise model that considers azimuth and elevation angles by defining a search region for microphone elements in a plane. Subsequently, based on the in-vehicle noise model, we conducted sound field modeling to ensure the designed MA is compatible with the complex acoustic environments inside vehicles. Utilizing this sound field model, we formulated a specialized optimization algorithm to devise the optimal configuration of the MA. Finally, the designed array configuration was constructed using an MEMS MA acquisition system, and the array performance was evaluated in real driving environments. Compared to conventional MA configurations, comprehensive experiments indicate that the designed MA enhances performance by increasing the short-time objective intelligibility (STOI) scores by 13.9%, improving the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels by 53.3%, and ensuring robustness in complex in-vehicle acoustic environments.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheyi Yao;Zhentao Song;Guohua Gu;Qian Chen;Shenghang Zhou;Xiubao Sui
{"title":"Identifying the Optical Fiber Based on the Compact OFDR System via Reflecting Estimation","authors":"Zheyi Yao;Zhentao Song;Guohua Gu;Qian Chen;Shenghang Zhou;Xiubao Sui","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3413156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3413156","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports an effective, robust, and universal estimating method to enhance and maintain the measuring accuracy for the semiconductor laser (SCL)-based optical frequency-domain reflectometry (OFDR) by estimating the reflecting locations. The core is to build the bridge between the limited data sampling rate and almost continued real values, providing the potential strategy for high-resolution fiber sensing without the modulated optical fibers. The experiments demonstrate that the described method can be effectively applied to a range of applicating areas, resulting in the millimeter-level optical fiber subset identifying with an error equal rate (EER) of less than 1%.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Data-Driven-Based Anti-Disturbance Fault-Tolerant Control Method With Application to Franka-Panda Robot","authors":"Zi-Yuan Dong;Yu Xinyi;Yan Wei;Libo Zhou;Linlin Ou","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3481544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3481544","url":null,"abstract":"Sensor faults have always been an essential and challenging problem in data-driven fault-tolerant control (DDFTC). Nevertheless, few studies in DDFTC have simultaneously considered the FTC problem under disturbance. To address the issue with both measurement noise and sensor fault, an iterative learning-based fault-tolerant control (ILFTC) strategy is presented when dynamics are completely unknown. First, an improved data-based unscented Kalman filter (UKF) mechanism is designed for the FTC scheme, which enhances the feasibility of the data-driven approaches under measurement disturbance. Then, the adaptive estimation algorithm with a switching mechanism is designed to improve the flexibility of the controller. Furthermore, a data-driven fault detection method is constructed under the framework of a broad learning system (BLS), which improves the detection accuracy while avoiding the need for precise model parameters in designing the fault detection observer. Finally, simulations and an application to the Franka-Panda robot demonstrate the superiority of the presented algorithm. Compared with the existing DDFTC schemes, smaller tracking errors and superior data signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Azimuth Determination in Drilling via Piecewise Polynomial Fitting and Interpolation","authors":"Tao Guo;Weibin Cheng;Yifei Zhang;Shaobing Hu","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485449","url":null,"abstract":"Precise geomagnetic azimuth measurement is essential for automation and intelligent operations in deep-Earth and deep-sea resource exploration. However, during drilling, the main sources of azimuth error include the inherent distortion of triaxial accelerometer and triaxial magnetometer, which requires prior calibration. To address this issue, we focus on static azimuth measurements by analyzing the error propagation relationship, developing a comprehensive error correction model, and proposing a correction method that combines piecewise polynomial fitting and improved interpolation. Finally, the proposed algorithm was experimentally validated using a high-precision inclinometer calibration platform. The experiment compared the error correction effects of the three-step combination method and the proposed method. At a confidence level of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$p = 0.95$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and an axial tilt of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$I = 0.594$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, dA decreased from (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.1^{circ }~pm ~0.9^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) to (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.8^{circ }~pm ~0.5^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) and (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$7times 10^{mathbf {-4}}~pm ~3.7times 10^{mathbf {-2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) for the traditional and proposed method, respectively. The proposed method demonstrates good performance in azimuth reconstruction and meets the practical engineering demands of azimuth calibration in measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142594976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PRO-CLIP: A CLIP-Based Category Measurement Network Through Prototype and Regularized Optimal Transportation","authors":"He Cao;Yunzhou Zhang;Shangdong Zhu;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485403","url":null,"abstract":"In unstructured environments, robots are likely to encounter desktop objects that they have never seen before. Classifying these objects precisely is a prerequisite for accomplishing object-specific manipulation tasks. However, it is time-consuming to collect large-scale object classification datasets. Inspired by the prompt tuning methods, we propose the PRO-CLIP network, which is a category measurement method for desktop objects. Specifically, PRO-CLIP performs few-shot classification based on the knowledge from pretrained vision-language model (VLM). It utilizes token-level and prompt-level optimal transportations (OTs) to jointly fine-tune the learnable vision-language prompts. For token-level stage, we propose the image patch reweighting (PR) mechanism to make alignments focus on the image patches that are close to the patch prototypes. This allows the patch embeddings have converging category representations, which reduces intraclass differences of visual features. For prompt-level stage, we propose a cascading OT (COT) module to simultaneously consider task-irrelevant knowledge in zero-shot features and task-specific knowledge in few-shot features. Due to the generalization performance of task-irrelevant knowledge, the proposed module achieves feature regularization during OT. Finally, we propose the UP loss to supervise the whole network. It contains unbalanced logit-level consistency losses and visual prototype loss. The logit-level consistency losses are used to make learnable features close to zero-shot features. The prototype loss makes the visual features approach to the corresponding prototypes in distance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by performing few-shot classification experiments on different datasets including desktop objects. The relevant code will be available at \u0000<uri>https://github.com/NeuCV-IRMI/proclip</uri>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Fabry-Perot Interferometer Sensor Based on a Microsphere Tellurite Fiber Probe for Temperature and Hydraulic Pressure Measurement","authors":"Deyuan Zhong;Yuhan Qu;Qi Wang;Xue Zhou;Xin Yan;Tonglei Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485459","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a tellurite fiber (TF) was fabricated into a microsphere structure via discharge and sequentially coupled with a multimode fiber and a single-mode fiber (SMF) to form a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) sensor. Changes in temperature and hydraulic pressure cause the microsphere to deform, altering the interference length of reflected lights and establishing their dependency relationship. Experimental results showed that the proposed FPI sensor had temperature sensitivity of 157 pm/°C and hydraulic pressure sensitivity of 11.4 pm/MPa. In addition, repetitive experiments and stability tests were conducted, and the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated to be \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.34times 10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for temperature and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4.48times 10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for hydra- ulic pressure. This FPI sensor is characterized by small size, compact structure, high sensitivity, long-term accuracy, and good stability and repeatability. All these features render it suitable for real-time temperature and hydraulic pressure monitoring in complex environments. In addition, the tellurite compositions can be adjusted to help adapt the FPI sensor to specific external environmental conditions, which provides valuable theoretical and technical insights for the development of high-performance sensing devices.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Five-Axis Continuous Sweep Scanning for Curvature Variable Surfaces","authors":"Zherun Li;Yijun Shen;Wenze Zhang;Nuodi Huang;Limin Zhu;Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485402","url":null,"abstract":"Curvature variable surfaces have an extensive application in a multitude of products, such as aeroblades. The aeroblade is an essential part of the aviation industry. The rapid inspection of complex aeroblade is crucial to aviation engine production and maintenance. As an emerging inspection technique, five-axis sweep scanning could achieve higher inspection efficiency compared to the traditional point-by-point probing and line scanning inspection. However, for surfaces with significant curvature variation, such as the blade cross section, the existing five-axis sweep scanning methods require the surface to be separated into patches and conduct inspection on each patch. This type of work pattern necessitates a transition move between each patch, which increases the inspection time and decreases the overall inspection efficiency. In this article, a probe-surface force model is proposed to facilitate the selection of stylus orientations, and an iterative algorithm is introduced to determine the optimal stylus orientations. The guiding curve and the probe head trajectory are synchronized using the dual nonuniform rational basis spline (NURBS) method, which settles the path generation failure at the high curvature region. The proposed method can generate a continuous five-axis sweep scanning path for a blade cross section without transition moves, which drastically boosts the inspection efficiency. Blade cross section inspection experiments are conducted using the proposed method, the patch-wise inspection method, and the line scanning inspection method. The experimental results show that the proposed method maintains the same level of inspection accuracy as both the patch-wise method and the line scanning method. Moreover, the proposed method has achieved a reduction in inspection time of 70.71% over the patch-wise method and 84.98% over the line scanning method, thereby validating its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and Characterization of LiDAR Echo-Waveforms in Fog With Experiment Validations","authors":"Ruiqin Yu;Xiaolu Li;Tengfei Bi;Tao Zhang;Zongyu Liu;Landa Gao;Lijun Xu","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485431","url":null,"abstract":"Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) generates undesirable clutter signals in fog, impeding target recognition ability. To identify fog clutter waveforms, a comprehensive LiDAR echo waveform generation model is established based on the mechanism of photon random movement, involving factors of environmental particle state, systematic parameters, and target characteristics. The emitted-and-returned photon bundle’s random motions are innovatively described as the superposition of multiple random scattering, and analytical formulations are deduced for photon bundle reception probability, guaranteeing both model accuracy and computational efficiency. Validation experiments are conducted in a large-scale fog chamber. The R-squared values between echo waveforms estimated from our model and measured data achieve \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.8307sim 0.9754$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for fog clutter, and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.9522sim 0.9778$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for target, outperforming the contrasting models. In the simulation model and measurement, fog clutter waveforms exhibit right-skewed asymmetric patterns, enabling their easy differentiation from the Gaussian-distributed target echoes. The presented model and results can be expanded to analyze various atmospheric conditions, broadening the application scenarios of LiDAR.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DFKD: Dynamic Focused Knowledge Distillation Approach for Insulator Defect Detection","authors":"Bao Liu;Wenqiang Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485446","url":null,"abstract":"Although these methods (e.g., lightweight structural design, model pruning (MP), and model quantization) can reduce the deployment difficulty of deep-learning models in insulator defect (ID) detection, they significantly reduce the detection accuracy. In response to the above issues, this article proposes a dynamic-focused knowledge distillation (DFKD) approach to construct a knowledge transfer path from the large model to the lightweight small model. First, the important sample focusing mechanism introduces dual focus weight factors and adaptive sample matching to encourage the student model to focus on high-quality difficult samples, to reduce the adverse effects of low-quality simple samples. Second, the adversarial training process of the temperature dynamic learning mechanism constructs soft labels of appropriate difficulty based on different stages of distillation training. This helps improve the learning and generalization abilities of the student model toward higher order knowledge. Finally, this article combines the DFKD with the MP to establish an insulator defect detection model [DFKD-MP-You only look once (YOLO)] suitable for edge devices with different computing resources. Experiments show that the DFKD method proposed in this article outperforms existing knowledge distillation (KD) methods in insulator defect detection. Moreover, compared with existing methods (see, e.g., BiFusion-YOLOv3, InsuDet, and ID-YOLO), the DFKD-MP-YOLO not only has a lighter structure, but also achieves higher accuracy and faster speed.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HGAIQA: A Novel Hand-Geometry-Aware Image Quality Assessment Framework for Contactless Palmprint Recognition","authors":"Chunsheng Zhang;Xu Liang;Dandan Fan;Junan Chen;Bob Zhang;Baoyuan Wu;David Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2024.3485454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2024.3485454","url":null,"abstract":"Contactless palmprint recognition (PPR) has gained traction due to its convenience and hygienic benefits. However, in real-world scenarios with complex backgrounds and varying hand poses, evaluating image quality to enhance recognition performance remains a significant challenge. To address this, we propose a novel hand-geometry-aware contactless palmprint image quality assessment (HGAIQA) framework. Unlike existing methods that assess only the palmprint region of interest (ROI), our framework evaluates the entire image. First, it employs a high-resolution hand segmentation network and keypoint heatmap module to identify hand region and joint keypoints. Second, it evaluates the palm’s flatness based on geometric features and assesses additional quality attributes such as brightness and sharpness. At last, it determines image quality by analyzing the intraclass and interclass distributions of fused multifeatures. After integrating with subsequent ROI localization and recognition algorithms, experiments show a substantial 21.2% reduction in equal error rate (EER) for PPR on the COEP database by removing the lowest 10% of low-quality images. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in significantly enhancing PPR performance.","PeriodicalId":13341,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}