Indian Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Goniodysgenesis and glaucoma: A perspective worth revisiting.","authors":"Viney Gupta","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2538_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2538_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 Suppl 2","pages":"S187-S188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing ocular biometry and their heritability in twins in a hospital-based cohort in South India.","authors":"Padma Paul, Anika Amritanand, Smitha Jasper, Prem Doss, Prasanna Samuel, Hepsy Chelliah, Belavendra Antonisamy, David A Mackey","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_3301_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_3301_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Twin studies, in the background of lack of twin registry in India, are a challenge. We report the response rates in tracing a hospital birth register-based cohort of twins using mail and door to door survey, ocular parameters influencing refractive errors, and their heritability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twins born from 1991 to 1995 in a tertiary hospital in the Vellore District of South India from a database were traced by mail and home survey from March 2011 to September 2013. Consenting live twin pairs who presented to the eye department were examined, including best corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, slit lamp examination, measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldmann Applanation tonometry, axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), specular microscopy for endothelial count (EC), and a dilated fundus examination. Zygosity was determined by a validated zygosity questionnaire. Heritability was determined using the Falconers formula.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postal contact was made in 14%, and a home visit was successful in another 23% of the cohort. Of those presenting for examination, 51.3% were found to be monozygous. Heritability (h 2 ) of IOP was 0.34, that of ACD was 0.88, that of AL was 0.92, that of CCT was 0.96, and that of EC was 0.58.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tracing of twins using postal and home visits is challenging. Heritability for AL and CCT was found to be high, similar to that reported in other studies. This implies that a large proportion of variation found in AL and CCT is due to genetic causes as seen in twins from South India.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"352-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cataract surgery with coexisting corneal degeneration.","authors":"Aditi Jhori, Mona Bhargava, Debasmita Bera","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1832_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_1832_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Corneal degenerations is an all-inclusive term encompassing a broad spectrum of entities that result from physiological changes secondary to aging, as sequelae to environmental insult, or as an ocular manifestation of systemic diseases or long-standing local inflammation. They are often peripheral and eccentric. They may result in vision loss, ocular pain, and reduced depth perception, and limit patient's ability to focus well. Degenerations are mostly sporadic and manifest late in life, thus highlighting their coexistence when dealing with cataract surgeries in the concomitant settings of corneal degenerations.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cataract with coexisting corneal degeneration poses certain unique challenges.</p><p><strong>Synopsis: </strong>In this video, we have highlighted the challenges of cataract surgery in a patient with Terrien's marginal degenerations and Salzman nodular degenerations. Preoperative management, evaluation, intraocular lens power calculation, and postoperative outcome in cases with coexisting diseases along with case-based examples are presented.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>In patients of cataract with coexisting corneal degenerations, the critical point is to ensure that the corneal findings are relatively stable. Any surgical planning is quickly invalidated if the disease is actively progressing. It is important to consider location of wound placement and optimization of surgical view in these patients undergoing cataract surgery. Visual prognosis is good, but regular monitoring is required. These cases highlight the importance of addressing the refractive sequelae of coexisting corneal degenerations when planning cataract surgery, to ensure minimal postoperative astigmatism and achieve favorable outcomes.</p><p><strong>Video link: </strong>https://youtu.be/JONMwZiKxMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 3","pages":"464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on: A modern outlook on scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation.","authors":"Prateek Nishant, Arvind Kumar Morya, Sony Sinha","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2726_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2726_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 3","pages":"413-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentration following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in eyes with high myopia and its influence factors.","authors":"Hui-Ni Lin, Hongqiang Zeng, Ruifeng Ji, Jinyu Li, Riping Zhang, Lixia Sun","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_978_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_978_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose is to measure the decentration after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in eyes with high myopia and analyze its influence factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 86 right eyes of 86 high myopia patients who underwent SMILE surgery in our hospital from August 2017 to December 2019. Patients were examined before the surgery and 3 months postoperatively. Objective and subjective refraction tests, intraocular pressure, aberrations, fundus examination, and corneal topography were recorded during all the follow-up visits. Indices of corneal anterior surface morphology, including the index of surface variance (ISV), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), keratoconus index (KI), central keratoconus index (CKI), index of height asymmetry (IHA), and index of height decentration (IHD), as well as corneal tangential curvature and kappa angle, were all collected from Pentacam (Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). Image J software was used to measure the decentration and the area of effective optic zone (EOZ). Spearman's correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to assess relationships between variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, data from 86 eyes were gathered and analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 25.43 years (SD, 6.08; range, 18 to 45 years), and 50 eyes (58.14%) were female. The baseline refractive characteristics of the patients were summarized in Table 1. At the 3-month after SMILE, the mean UCVA (LogMAR) was -0.02 ± 0.06, and the CDVA (LogMAR) was -0.04 ± 0.05. The safety index was 1.04 ± 0.14, and the efficacy index was 0.99 ± 0.15. At the 3 months after SMILE, the horizontal decentration (HD) showed significant correlations with those preoperative indexes, including spherical aberration (SA) (r = -0.28, P < 0.05), CKI (r = 0.26, P < 0.05), and Xk (X-axis of the kappa angle) (r = 0.27, P < 0.05). The vertical decentration (VD) was significantly influenced by preoperative higher-order aberrations (HOAs) (r = 0.24, P < 0.05) and Trefoil (r = 0.39, P < 0.05) and was also positively correlated with preoperative IVA (r = 0.29, P < 0.05), IHD (r = 0.33, P < 0.05), and Yk (Y-axis of the kappa angle) (r = 0.29, P < 0.05). And the total decentration (TD) was correlated with preoperative Trefoil (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), IHD (r = 0.22, P < 0.05), and Yk (r = 0.30, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed a relationship between TD and Yk (adjust R2 = 0.18, P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with high myopia after SMILE had achieved effective results. A larger kappa angle especially the Yk would tend to larger decentration. High IHD and the Trefoil preoperatively also influenced the decentration after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 3","pages":"389-395"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143500683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis: Clinical presentations and management outcomes.","authors":"Shebin Salim, Md Shahid Alam, Sonam Ahuja, Kirthi Koka, Marian Pauly, Subramanian Krishnakumar, Bipasha Mukherjee","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1289_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_1289_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To present the clinical features and management outcomes in a series of patients with orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective analysis of 19 histopathologically proven cases of orbital and adnexal sarcoidosis over the past ten years. The data analyzed included demographic details, clinical and imaging features, and management outcomes. The response to treatment was categorized based on clinical improvement at the last follow-up as complete resolution, partial resolution, or no resolution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 15 (78.9%) females and four (21%) males. The mean age at presentation was 51.05 ± 14.35 years. Upper lid swelling was the most common sign (n = 6), followed by lacrimal gland enlargement (n = 5). The specific locations of involvement were orbital soft tissues (n = 8), lid (n = 5), lacrimal gland alone (n = 3), lacrimal sac (n = 1), extra ocular muscles (n = 1), and conjunctiva (n = 1). An incisional biopsy was performed on 16 patients, and an excisional biopsy on three. Of those undergoing excisional biopsy, the lesion was located in the superonasal extraconal space in one and in the superotemporal lid in two. Twelve patients (63.2%) had systemic involvement at presentation. No further treatment was necessary for patients who underwent excisional biopsy. Additional treatments included oral steroids (n = 10) and systemic immunosuppressants (n = 5). Six patients were lost to follow-up. Complete resolution of signs and symptoms was noted in 11 patients (84.6%), while partial resolution was seen in two patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 7.56 ± 12.63 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sarcoidosis can affect any part of the orbit or adnexa, with varied presentations depending on the involvement. Excisional or incisional biopsies, along with systemic steroids and immunosuppressants in select cases, remain the mainstay of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 2","pages":"214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meibomian gland dysfunction.","authors":"Murugesan Vanathi","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_166_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_166_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 2","pages":"155-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologics in ocular inflammatory diseases - Experience from a tertiary referral eye care center in South India.","authors":"Kalpana Babu, P G Padmapriya, Anand P Rao, Ramesh Jois","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1126_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1126_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze the utility of biologics in noninfectious uveitis and other ocular inflammatory diseases in a South Indian patient population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective observational study conducted at the uveitis and ocular inflammatory diseases clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in South India between 2016 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Records of 76 patients on biologics were retrieved from our databases. The mean age was 34.84 ± 17.383 years. In 75% of patients, the duration of follow-up was 52.75 months. Overall, anterior nongranulomatous uveitis was the most common anatomic type of uveitis (34.21%). HLA B27-associated uveitis was the most common etiology (34.21%) in whom biologics were used. Patients <18 years of age formed 23.7% with a mean age of 10.77 ± 2.75 years. Mean duration of follow-up in patients <18 years of age was 36 months. In this subgroup, panuveitis was the most common anatomic subtype (61.1%) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis was the most common etiology (27.7%). The most commonly used biologic in this study was adalimumab (36.84%). Additional conventional immunomodulators were used along with biologics in 50 patients (65.78%), of which methotrexate was the most common (50%). Adalimumab and rituximab were biosimilars, while tofacitinib was the generic version. There was a significant decrease in the mean number of flareups post-biologics ( P = 0.001). Adverse effects were seen in 14 patients (18.42%). The success rate of biologics was low in the parsplanitis group <18 years (33.3%), Blau-associated uveitis (50%), and idiopathic uveitis (30%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we have analyzed the results of biologics in different anatomic types of ocular inflammation and etiologies. The success rate of biologics was low in parsplanitis, idiopathic uveitis, and Blau-associated uveitis and higher in other etiologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of ocular and periocular tumors in North and Central India.","authors":"Chhavi Gupta, Narendra Patidar, Himanshu Gaikwad, Mihir Mishra, Sima Das","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_786_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_786_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe the epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of ocular and periocular tumors in patients presenting to three tertiary care referral centers in North and Central India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospital-based consortium study.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Retrospective, descriptive, observational study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3184 patients were diagnosed with 3557 ocular and periocular tumors over 11 years from 2010 to 2021. Of these, 2395 (67.33%) were benign, 84 (2.36%) were premalignant, and 1078 (30.30%) were malignant. The most common location was the ocular surface (n = 1294, 37.09%), followed by the eyelid (n = 1185, 33.97%), intraocular (n = 624, 17.88%), and orbit (n = 454, 13.01%). The most common tumors were retinoblastoma (n = 483, 13.57%), ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) (n = 301, 8.46%), and dermoid cyst (n = 167, 4.69%). In the pediatric age group, retinoblastoma was the most common tumor (n = 483, 13.57%), while in adults, it was OSSN (n = 301, 8.46%). The stage at presentation for malignant tumors was divided into in-situ (57.14%), local spread (8.16%), and metastasis (32.83%). For specific tumor locations, the stages were 78.83%, 17.51%, and 2.18%, respectively, for eyelid tumors; 51.76%, 27.05%, and 17.64%, respectively, for orbital tumors; 88.37%, 5.81%, and 5.19%, respectively for ocular surface tumors; and 35.71%, 14.15%, and 50.28%, respectively, for intraocular tumors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Identifying the epidemiological characteristics of ocular and periocular tumors will aid in early diagnosis and timely intervention. Intraocular tumors showed delayed diagnosis, advanced stages at presentation, and required patients to travel longer distances for treatment, indicating the need for strengthened diagnostic and treatment facilities to improve access to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"253-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of fracture type with enophthalmos and intraorbital volume correction in orbital fractures: A computed tomographic study.","authors":"Anantanarayanan Parameswaran, Elavenil Panneerselvam, Bipasha Mukherjee","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2803_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2803_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the influence of different types of orbital fractures on the radiographic post-treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The investigation was a retrospective cohort study involving CT data of all patients who underwent delayed primary or secondary surgery for orbital/zygomatico-orbital trauma between 2019 and 2021. The sample was divided into three groups 1, 2, and 3: isolated floor, floor and medial wall, and combined orbit and zygomatic complex fractures. The type of orbital fracture was the exposure, while the outcome measures were reduction in enophthalmos and intraorbital volume and linear relationship between the two variables. Data were analyzed for variance between groups and association. Statistical significance was set at < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four patients (3 females and 41 males) with a mean age of 28.6 years were included in the study. Reductions in enophthalmos ( P < 0.001) and intraorbital volume ( P = 0.003) demonstrated significant variance between the groups. For every cubic centimeter of reduction in volume, the reduction in enophthalmos was 0.78 mm ( P < 0.001) in isolated floor fractures, 0.60 mm ( P = 0.013) in combined fractures involving the floor and medial walls, and 0.24 mm ( P = 0.456) in combined fractures of the orbit and zygoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Correction of enophthalmos strongly depends on the type of orbital fracture. There exists a significant linear relationship between enophthalmos and intraorbital volume in fractures involving the internal orbit.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"238-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}