Indian Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Unusual pattern of recurrence at graft-host junction and interface after non-Descemet baring deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty in granular corneal dystrophy type 1: Report on clinical, histological, and OCT correlation with a review of literature.","authors":"Sunita Chaurasia, Dilip K Mishra, Muralidhar Ramappa, Somasheila Murthy, Rajashree Das, Geeta Vemuganti, Deepak P Edward","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1706_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1706_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 7","pages":"1085-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The long-term effects of interface irrigation on visual outcomes and corneal aberrations in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE).","authors":"Sibel Ahmet, Murat Kocamaz, Cem Sarı, Ahmet Kırgız, Yusuf Yıldırım, Muhittin Taşkapılı","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1856_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1856_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the long-term effects on visual outcomes and corneal aberrations of irrigating the interface during the small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery for managing myopia and myopic astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 47 patients who underwent bilateral SMILE surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism, one eye was irrigated with 1.0 ml of balanced salt solution via cannula (Group 1) and the other eye was not irrigated (Group 2). Visual and refractive outcomes of 94 eyes were analyzed on the first day, first week, first month, sixth month, and first year. Preoperative and postoperative corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) obtained from Sirius corneal tomography (Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Florence, Italy) were evaluated in both groups. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used for interface evaluation on the first postoperative day. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative spherical, cylindrical, and spherical equivalent values were similar in both groups ( P values: 0.913, 0.796, and 0.876, respectively). Statistically significant increases in mean HOAs and coma values were observed in both groups during the postoperative follow-up periods compared to the preoperative period (each P value <0.05). No significant differences were noted between the two groups concerning visual acuity, refractive values, and corneal aberrations throughout all postoperative follow-up periods (each P value >0.05). Epithelial inoculation developed in one eye in the irrigated group, and diffuse lamellar keratitis developed in one eye in the non-irrigated group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that the visual, refractive, and wavefront aberration outcomes, both in the short and long term, were comparable between cases with and without interface irrigation following lenticule removal from the stromal pocket in SMILE surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1005-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capsule-augmented scleral fixation of intraocular lenses.","authors":"Soema Tebhla, Chaitra Jayadev, Rohita Nayak, Pragati Raj, Vedant Gambhir, Nagesha C Krishnappa","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2381_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2381_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In-the-bag placement of intraocular lenses (IOLs) generally yields optimal results in terms of alignment and minimizes decentration or tilt. However, this approach can be counterproductive if the capsular bag is compromised, potentially leading to IOL malposition or inability to secure the lens. Repurposing the compromised capsular bag to its maximum potential can help place the initially intended IOL. This surgical series showcases techniques and options for scleral fixation of the same or a newer IOL, using the compromised bag as augmented support. The capsular bag provides alignment guidance, while scleral fixation stabilizes the IOL, thereby demonstrating a hybrid technique called capsule-augmented scleral fixation (CASF). This article provides a detailed description of CASF and explores its expanding applications in accommodating diverse IOL designs. This technique provides surgeons with an alternative when unexpected intraoperative challenges are encountered.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1065-1071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To study the anatomic and intraoperative factors responsible for gas bubble migration in the anterior chamber during femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) flap creation.","authors":"Suman Lata, Sohini Mandal, Rajesh Sinha, Jeewan S Titiyal","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_3098_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_3098_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the factors responsible for gas bubble migration into the anterior chamber during femtosecond-assisted laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) flap creation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective data analysis was conducted on 20 eyes of 12 patients undergoing bilateral laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery, where intraoperative gas bubble migration was observed. Data from age-matched controls without gas bubble migration were also analyzed. Various preoperative and intraoperative parameters were compared between the groups, including refractive error, keratometry, white-to-white (WTW) distance, angle parameters, anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness, flap diameter, pulse energy, suction time, anterior chamber width (ACW), angle opening distance (AOD) 500 and AOD 750, trabecular iris space area (TISA) 500, TISA 750, trabecular iris area (TIA) 500, TIA 750, and anterior chamber width (ACW) using CASIA anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), to find the correlation between angle anatomy and migration of gas bubble in AC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found no significant differences in median age and spherical error between the groups. However, significant differences were observed in WTW (study: 11.5 ± 0.377 mm, control: 11.78 ± 0.181 mm; P = 0.04), ACD (study: 3.39 ± 0.372 mm, control: 3.86 ± 0.284 mm; P = 0.005), angle (study: 35.22° ±4.28°, control: 41.79° ± 3.95°; P = 0.002), ACW (study: 11.37 ± 0.435 mm, control: 11.83 ± 0.264 mm; P = 0.01), flap diameter (study: 8.82 mm, control: 8.68 mm; P = 0.04), and suction time (study: 62 ± 12.89 sec, control: 85.3 ± 13.35 sec; P = 0.0009). The laser energy parameters were similar between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smaller WTW, larger flap diameter, lower ACD, and ACW are significant predisposing factors for gas bubble migration into the anterior chamber during FS-LASIK. Preoperative evaluations using Pentacam and CASIA ASOCT can help identify eyes at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"1000-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of intraocular lens decentration and tilt on higher-order aberrations in patients with high and super-high myopia following cataract surgery.","authors":"Yu Wang, Bo Zang, Qianlong Bi, Jing Huang, Wei Xu, Chunmeng Dai, Xiaoxia Ding, Dong Li, Zixi Zhou","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2244_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2244_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate how intraocular lens (IOL) positioning affects visual quality in patients with high myopia after cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomized study was conducted on 50 eyes from 50 patients with high myopia (axial length [AL] >26 mm) or super-high myopia (AL >30 mm) who underwent cataract surgery between October 2022 and October 2023. We assessed the IOL position using optical coherence tomography and measured higher-order aberrations (HOAs) with the iTrace system. Correlations between IOL positioning and visual quality markers were then examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Follow-up rates were 100% (50 eyes) at 1 month and 84% (42 eyes) at 3 months post-surgery. At 1 month, IOL tilt showed a positive correlation with total HOAs in both the high and super-high myopia groups ( rs = 0.449, P = 0.010 and rs = 0.570, P = 0.017). IOL decentration was associated with specific aberrations: coma in the high myopia group ( rs = 0.492, P = 0.004) and trefoil in the super-high myopia group ( rs = 0.539, P = 0.026). At 3 months, IOL decentration negatively correlated with overall visual quality, measured by the modulation transfer function, in the high myopia group ( rs = -0.558, P = 0.001), but no significant correlation was observed in the super-high myopia group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IOL positioning significantly affects visual quality in patients with high myopia after cataract surgery. The effects vary based on the degree of myopia and type of IOL misalignment. These findings emphasize the importance of precise IOL placement to optimize visual outcomes in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"993-999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New approaches of intracorneal ring segments implantation for asymmetric keratoconus treatment: A case series.","authors":"Jordana S B Soares, Bernardo Kaplan Moscovici","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1452_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1452_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 7","pages":"1079-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Retilight, a portable LED endo-illuminator.","authors":"Prithvi Chandrakanth, Shishir Verghese, Aishwarya Naik, K Chandrakanth","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2234_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2234_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In modern small-gauge vitreoretinal surgery, the surgeon navigates the occutome and a rigid optical fiber endo-illuminator into the posterior segment. Effective endo-illumination is crucial for minimizing surgical risks and ensuring optimal outcomes by enhancing the visibility of ocular structures. Traditionally, endo-illuminators in vitreoretinal surgery have relied on xenon light sources provided by the vitrectomy system. However, light-emitting diode (LED) light sources have now emerged as a superior alternative, offering both high light intensity and increased reliability. We present our innovation: a 3D-printed portable LED illumination system that connects seamlessly with the optical fiber cables of contemporary vitreoretinal surgery equipment. This device provides a reliable alternative light source in emergencies, such as bulb failure or power outages, and can also function as supplemental illumination, particularly when a chandelier system is used for bimanual vitreoretinal procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"912-915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial 16S rRNA gene alterations in the conjunctival sac and lacrimal sac in chronic dacryocystitis.","authors":"Jie Chen, Fangzheng Shi, Siya Chen, Yulu Liu, Yuxin Xu","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1314_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1314_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dysbiosis of the microbial community in the lacrimal sac has been associated with the occurrence and development of chronic dacryocystitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial characteristics of the conjunctival sac and lacrimal sac in patients with chronic dacryocystitis using 16S rRNA sequencing and explore their relevance to this condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was achieved through the application of Illumina MiSeq technology for the comprehensive sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in bacterial DNA samples isolated from the conjunctival and lacrimal sacs of 20 patients with chronic dacryocystitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The conjunctival sac microbiota showed slightly higher diversity compared to the lacrimal sac. However, their microbial communities were similar. In the cohort representing the lacrimal sac, there was a notable reduction in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. Conversely, an increase in the relative richness of phyla such as Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes was observed. Linear discriminant analysis and effect size analysis elucidated a significant enrichment of the Methylobacterium and Cetobacterium genera within the conjunctival sac cohort, in contrast to the lacrimal sac cohort. The dominant pathway in both sites was biosynthesis according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In individuals suffering from chronic dacryocystitis, the microbiota of the lacrimal sac exhibits a reduced α-diversity and a comparable β-diversity, alongside exhibiting distinct taxonomic profiles when contrasted with the microbiota of the conjunctival sac.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"S410-S417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular surface squamous neoplasia masquerades: Clinical profile and outcome.","authors":"Shirali Gokharu, Deepanjali Arya, Deepender Chauhan, Sima Das","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_3391_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_3391_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The diagnosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is primarily clinical, confirmed through histopathology, cytology, or imaging. This study describes a series of OSSN patients with atypical clinical presentation masquerading non-neoplastic etiologies, identifies clinical features distinguishing OSSN from benign lesions, and thus aids clinicians in early diagnosis and prompt management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on medical records of OSSN patients, and patients initially diagnosed with anterior segment infection or inflammation were identified. Data collected included clinical presentation, initial diagnosis and treatment, response to treatment, final diagnosis, treatment type and outcome, and clinical clues to the diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study period, 153 OSSN patients were identified from medical records of which 11 patients (7.2%) were initially diagnosed as anterior segment infection or inflammation. One patient presented with limbal stem cell deficiency, two with nodular episcleritis and necrotizing scleritis, and eight with various corneal involvement such as dendritic ulcer, corneal degeneration/dystrophy, corneal dermoid, exposure keratopathy, peripheral ulcerative keratitis, and perforated corneal ulcer. Three underwent extended enucleation due to intraocular spread, two required excision biopsies with adjuvant topical therapy, and the remaining patients were treated with topical therapy (Interferon α -2b 1% and/or mitomycin-C 0.04%). One patient was lost to follow up, one had a recurrence, and nine achieved complete resolution at mean follow-up of 18 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OSSN can mimic ocular surface infection, inflammation, or degeneration. A meticulous anterior segment evaluation can provide clinical clues to diagnosis which can be confirmed on histopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"S405-S409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness, optic nerve head, and macular parameters using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in patients with migraine.","authors":"Tanya Yadav, Pradeep Kumar Panigrahi, Lolly Pattnaik, Lulup Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2300_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2300_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Assessment of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, optic nerve head (ONH), and macular parameters using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in migraine patients and comparison with age- and gender-matched healthy comparable patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients diagnosed with migraines who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Healthy subjects without any ocular and systemic disorders constituted the control group. pRNFL thickness, ONH, and macular parameters were assessed using spectral domain OCT in all patients. The various study parameters were analyzed and compared between the two groups at the end of the study period. The migraine patients were also analyzed based on type, duration, and severity of migraine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 100 migraine patients and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The mean age in migraine and control groups was 31.01 ± 8.56 and 30.80 ± 8.65 years, respectively. Females comprised 84% of the study subjects. Migraine patients had statistically significant (P < 0.05) thinner pRNFL and macular parameters compared to healthy subjects. Chronic migraine, severe migraine, and duration of more than 5 years were associated with statistically significant thinner pRNFL and macular parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Migraine patients have significantly thinner pRNFL and macular parameters than healthy patients, and this is especially so for patients with greater severity of migraine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 6","pages":"900-905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}