Indian Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of retinal thickness between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with similar disease duration: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Shalvika Gupta, Vijaya Sahu, Amritava Ghosh, Somen Misra, Aseem Kumar","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_609_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_609_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the retinal thickness in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) of equal disease duration, comparing them with age- and sex-matched healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, comparative, and observational study included 96 participants, categorized into four groups: A1 (patients with T1DM, n = 24), A2 (age- and sex-matched nondiabetic controls for A1, n = 24), B1 (patients with T2DM, n = 24), and B2 (age- and sex-matched nondiabetic controls for B1, n = 24). Evaluations included retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), visual acuity, color vision, and contrast sensitivity. The primary objective was to compare RNFL, GCC, and CMT between T1DM and T2DM patients with equivalent disease duration and their respective controls. Secondary analyses assessed differences in visual acuity, color vision, and contrast sensitivity between T1DM and T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of T2DM patients was 50.96 years, and for T1DM patients it was 28.96 years. T2DM patients exhibited significant GCC reduction in the superonasal (P = 0.046) and inferonasal quadrants (P = 0.048) compared to T1DM. T2DM also showed significant RNFL thinning in the superior (P = 0.037), inferior (P = 0.012), and temporal quadrants (P = 0.025) compared to T1DM after adjustment for age and DM duration. No significant difference in CMT was observed between T1DM and T2DM. In T1DM patients, mean best-corrected visual acuity was significantly worse than that of controls (P = 0.019). Contrast sensitivity and color vision did not differ significantly between T1DM and T2DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals earlier RNFL and GCC thinning in T2DM compared to T1DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of retinal detachment and myopia - practice patterns among vitreoretinal surgeons of India - A VRSI survey.","authors":"Manavi D Sindal, Akshat Kothari, Priyanka Mahendrakar, Divyansh Mishra, Mudit Tyagi, Mihir Vaidya, Shivraj Tagare, P Mahesh Shanmugam","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_926_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_926_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To present results from the Vitreo Retina Society-India (VRSI) 2024 Preference and Trends (PAT) survey focusing on retinal detachment (RD) and myopia management practices among Indian vitreoretinal surgeons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 62-item questionnaire was distributed to all VRSI members over email. Responses were collected over 6 weeks by google forms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 289 members participated in the survey. Prophylactic barrage prerefractive surgery was preferred by 55.21% of the respondents. For phakic retinal detachments, scleral buckling was preferred in the absence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) (69.45% single hole, 52% multiple holes), while in pseudophakic, the trend was toward vitrectomy, with an encirclage for inferior breaks (54.38% with no PVD, 52.75% with PVD). For RD with superior breaks with < Grade B PVR, respondents preferred laser to break alone intraoperatively during vitrectomy (65.44%) compared to 360-degree laser and gas tamponade (67.52%), while silicon oil was more preferred tamponade for RD with inferior breaks with > Grade B PVR (99%). Respondents preferred imaging myopic choroidal neovascular membranes with optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography (45.42%), initiate treatment with ranibizumab (41.2%), and follow pro-re-nata regimen (61.62%). For myopic macular schisis, vitrectomy was the preferred management for Stage 2C (70%) and Stages 4A and 4C (80%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The VRSI-PAT survey highlights current diverse preferences among Indian vitreoretinal surgeons. These survey results will guide fellow practitioners to understand current real-world practice with relation to established literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between corneal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration of antifungals in patients undergoing therapeutic keratoplasty for fungal keratitis.","authors":"Vinay Patil, Aafreen Bari, Prafulla Kumar Maharana, Nishat Ahmed, Ritu Nagpal, Rajesh Sinha, Tushar Agarwal, Namrata Sharma, T Velpandian, Jeewan Singh Titiyal","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2351_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2351_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To correlate corneal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antifungal drugs in patients undergoing therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) for fungal keratitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 43 cases of culture- and smear-proven fungal keratitis that underwent TPK due to inadequate responses to topical natamycin (NTM) 5% and/or topical voriconazole (VCZ) 1%. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) was used to analyze the host corneal tissue of the patients to measure the intracorneal concentrations of NTM and VCZ. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the E-test method with standard-dose antifungal E-strips on the same corneal tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of study participants was 48.11 ± 15.22 years. Aspergillus sp. was the most commonly identified fungus. The study found that the mean intracorneal concentration of NTM was 80.76 ± 107.59 μg/gm (n = 30/43), while that of VCZ was 0.0962 ± 0.25 μg/gm (n = 32/43). Twenty-one cases had MIC-90 values for both antifungal drugs. Over 85% of cases had an intracorneal concentration lower than VCZ MIC-90, and 61.9% of cases showed NTM intracorneal concentration higher than its MIC-90.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite achieving corneal concentration higher than the MIC-90, cases with recalcitrant fungal keratitis had a poor clinical response to NTM, suggesting other possible reasons, such as poor drug penetration and drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular manifestations of systemic lymphoma.","authors":"Tingting Jiang, Xinyi Zhou, Junxiang Gu, Qing Chang","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_883_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_883_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A comprehensive understanding of the ocular presentations of systemic lymphoma (SL) is needed for early recognition and treatment to improve outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ocular manifestations of 17 patients with SL were retrospectively summarized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 17 SL patients, 12 (21 eyes) presented with secondary vitreoretinal lymphoma (SVRL) and five (8 eyes) presented with viral retinitis. Among those with SVRL, 16 eyes (76.2%) exhibited only vitreoretinal involvement, three eyes (14.3%) had both choroid and vitreoretinal involvement, and two eyes (9.5%) showed lacrimal gland and vitreoretinal involvement. Ocular symptoms occurred at a median interval of 63 months (range: 4-220 months) after SL diagnosis. Ocular manifestations included keratic precipitates in 10 eyes (47.6%), anterior chamber cells in 10 eyes (47.6%), vitreous cells in 18 eyes (85.7%), subretinal infiltrates in six eyes (28.6%), optic nerve involvement in three eyes (14.3%), neovascular glaucoma in five eyes (23.8%), and ciliary body/choroidal involvement in three eyes (14.3%). Patients received intravitreal methotrexate injections and systemic chemotherapy. The 3-year survival rate was 47.5%. Viral retinitis manifested as vitritis, peripheral retinal focal necrosis, and retinal vasculitis, and among those five patients, the median interval from SL diagnosis to ocular involvement was 15 months (range: 9-28 months). These patients received antiviral therapy and intravitreal ganciclovir injections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SVRL and viral retinitis are two ocular manifestations of SL. Vitreous biopsy and PCR testing are valuable for distinguishing between them. Our findings support the importance of long-term ocular surveillance in patients with SL.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disorganization of retinal inner layers as an optical coherence tomography biomarker in diabetic retinopathy: A review.","authors":"Alka Tripathi, Shagun Gaur, Richa Agarwal, Neha Singh, Amit Singh, Shadman Parveen, Nivedita Singh, Nani Rima","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_800_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_800_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision impairment globally. Disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL), detected via optical coherence tomography, has emerged as a potential biomarker of disease severity and visual prognosis. This review explores the significance of DRIL in diabetic retinal diseases and its role in predicting visual outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, and relevant original and review articles published were included. Multiple studies have linked the extent of DRIL to both baseline visual acuity and long-term outcomes regardless of the therapeutic approach. In some cases, structural improvement in DRIL has been observed following corticosteroid treatment, suggesting potential reversibility. The presence of DRIL may aid clinicians in assessing disease severity and anticipating treatment response. With increasing interest in automated DRIL analysis using artificial intelligence tools, its role in clinical decision-making is likely to expand. Further research is needed to refine DRIL detection and explore its role in personalized patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 9","pages":"1245-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nasal and temporal scanning tilt on whole and local macular vessel density measurement using OCTA.","authors":"Yongdong Lin, Zhiqiang Guan, Weiwen Lin, Xiang Ai, Shirong Chen","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_580_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_580_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effects of scanning tilt on the macular vessel density (VD) measurements in healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>OCTA imaging was performed on healthy subjects to acquire nasal and temporal oblique scans. Quantitative analyses included as follows: (1) VD in whole-image, annular, and quadrant regions of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC) layer; (2) Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters (area, perimeter, circularity index) in the SCP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight eyes of 28 healthy participants were included. Nasal inclination significantly affected VD measurement in the SCP temporal quadrant, DCP nasal/temporal/inferior quadrants, and all CC regions (all P < 0.05). Temporal tilt influenced VD measurements in all regions except the SCP superior and temporal quadrants (all P < 0.05). While FAZ area and perimeter remained unaffected by tilt, temporal tilt significantly reduced FAZ circularity (P = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tilt of the OCTA scan has different effects on the VD measurements of the whole, annular, and quadrant regions of macular layers and the FAZ circularity index.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 9","pages":"1350-1354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. P Namperumalsamy: Father Figure, Son of the Soil, Stalwart Surgeon - Immortal Icon.","authors":"Anand Rajendran","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2094_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2094_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 9","pages":"1243-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of pilocarpine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution USP 1.25% w/v versus placebo ophthalmic solution for the treatment of presbyopia - A multicentric clinical trial.","authors":"Parul Singh, Tejal Garasiya, Vidya Ajila, Sabyasachi Sengupta, Aditi Datta, M Nivean","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_680_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_680_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1.25% pilocarpine compared to placebo for the treatment of presbyopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, randomized, double-masked clinical trial compared pilocarpine 1.25% to placebo in presbyopic individuals aged 45-55 years, meeting standard near vision impairment criteria. Participants were randomized 1:1 using a computer-generated sequence, with identical, unmarked bottles ensuring masking. Distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) were assessed under mesopic and photopic conditions across multiple visits (days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30). The primary outcome was a ≥ 3-line gain in mesopic, high-contrast, binocular DCNVA at day 30, hour 3. Secondary outcomes included photopic and intermediate vision improvements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 234 participants (mean age 49 ± 3 years, 57% male) were randomized equally. By day 3, pilocarpine demonstrated a significant half-line improvement in high-contrast, binocular mesopic DCNVA (0.47 ± 0.1 vs. 0.51 ± 0.1 logMAR, P = 0.03), progressing to 1.3 lines by day 30 (0.37 ± 0.1 vs. 0.50 ± 0.1, P < 0.001). Nearly 50% achieved a two-line gain (n = 54 [46%] vs. 10 [8%], P = 0.001), and one-third gained three lines (n = 36 [31%)] vs. 5 [4%], P < 0.001). Pilocarpine's effect was cumulative, with each visit's baseline DCNVA surpassing prior measurements (P < 0.001). Photopic DCNVA followed a similar trend (0.31 ± 0.1 vs. 0.43 ± 0.1 logMAR, P = 0.02 at day 30, hour 3). Intermediate DCIVA showed a modest half-line improvement by day 30. No adverse drug reactions or ophthalmic side effects were observed during the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pilocarpine 1.25% effectively improves near vision in presbyopia, with sustained benefits up to day 30 and potential long-term adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 9","pages":"1251-1257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fitting into the unfit - Contracted socket.","authors":"Neelam Pushker","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1192_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1192_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 9","pages":"1393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk factors of shallow anterior chamber after choroidal detachment in glaucoma patients with intraocular surgery.","authors":"Xuanli Zheng, Haishuang Lin, Jiaqian Li, Changrong Lei, Yanqian Xie, Kun Xiong, Jingjing Zuo, Shaodan Zhang, Yuanbo Liang","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2084_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2084_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the risk factors and clinical characteristics of shallow anterior chamber (AC) following choroidal detachment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective case-control study. The data of glaucoma patients undergoing intraocular surgery were collected. Based on clinical documentation, patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of a shallow AC after choroidal detachment. Clinical characteristics of eyes that developed a shallow AC were compared to those of controls that had a large AC depth (ACD) after choroidal detachment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,492 eyes undergoing intraocular surgery, 99 eyes (2.84%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.28%-3.39%) developed a documented choroidal detachment; 77 eyes met the inclusion criteria, with 52 exhibiting shallow AC and 25 maintaining deep AC. The preoperative ACD was notably deeper in the deep AC group (2.96 ± 0.28 mm) compared to the shallow AC group (2.55 ± 0.59 mm) (P = 0.002). Additionally, the deep AC group had a wider preoperative AC width (ACW) (11.95 ± 0.42 mm) than the shallow AC group (10.92 ± 0.35 mm) (P < 0.001). The shallow AC group was more likely to be phakic (94.2% vs. 76.0%, P = 0.02), more likely to have angle-closure glaucoma (51.9% vs. 28%, P = 0.048), and more likely to have undergone external filtration surgery (96.2% vs. 80%, P = 0.033). Multivariate analysis identified only ACW (odds ratio = 0.56 per 0.1 mm increase, 95% CI: 0.41%-0.75%, P < 0.001) as significantly associated with a shallow AC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of choroidal detachment post-intraocular surgery was 2.84%. Smaller ACW was the primary risk factor for shallow AC after choroidal detachment, warranting preoperative measurement and tailored surgical planning for high-risk eyes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 9","pages":"1282-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}