Soham S Pal, Md Shahid Alam, Kapila Manikantan, Santosh Honavar
{"title":"Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland - A major review.","authors":"Soham S Pal, Md Shahid Alam, Kapila Manikantan, Santosh Honavar","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_2560_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_2560_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the lacrimal gland is a rare orbital neoplasm. Despite this, it remains the most common epithelial malignancy of the lacrimal gland. It is notorious for high rates of local recurrence, metastases, and mortality despite aggressive management. The treatment protocols range from orbital exenteration or an excision biopsy followed by adjuvant therapy in the form of radiotherapy or chemotherapy or sometimes both. Older studies suggest that orbital exenteration may result in better local control of disease and possibly better long-term survival. This outlook has been challenged by recent studies which suggest multimodal treatment combining various treatment strategies aiming for globe salvage and better disease-free survival. The present review analyzes in detail the various clinical and histopathological features, staging of the disease, management modalities, and treatment outcomes of ACC of the lacrimal gland published over the past 30 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1399-1411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Felipe Palomino-de Anda, Gustavo Ortiz-Morales, Mauricio Muleiro-Alvarez, Guillermo R Vera-Duarte, Nicolás Kahuam-López, Alejandro Navas, Arturo Ramirez-Miranda, Enrique O Graue-Hernandez
{"title":"Clinical outcomes of simple limbal epithelial transplantation for limbal stem cell deficiency in a Mexican population.","authors":"Luis Felipe Palomino-de Anda, Gustavo Ortiz-Morales, Mauricio Muleiro-Alvarez, Guillermo R Vera-Duarte, Nicolás Kahuam-López, Alejandro Navas, Arturo Ramirez-Miranda, Enrique O Graue-Hernandez","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_953_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_953_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the clinical outcomes of simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) in patients with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case series of patients with LSCD who underwent either Auto-SLET or Allo-SLET at a tertiary center in Mexico from 2020 to 2023. Demographic and clinical data, including underlying etiology, best corrected visual acuity, and graft survival, were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen eyes of 18 patients were studied, with a mean age of 34.05 ± 22.88 years. The underlying etiologies of LSCD were alkali chemical injury (n = 10, 55.55%), acid chemical injury (n = 3, 16.66%), pterygium (n = 2, 11.11%), thermal burn (n = 2, 11.11%), and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) (n = 1, 5.55%). The mean follow-up was 26.05 ± 11.09 months. Auto-SLET and Allo-SLET were performed in 88.88% and 11.11% of the cases, respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 72.22% of cases, with failures associated with acid chemical injury (n = 2), alkali chemical injury (n = 2), and SJS (n = 1). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved significantly from 1.58 ± 0.81 logMAR to 1.11 ± 0.75 logMAR (P = 0.05). The mean survival time of all SLET procedures was 623.38 ± 458.70 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed varied survival times across different etiologies: alkali injury (719.5 ± 444.3 days), pterygium (328 ± 118.79 days), acid injury (593 ± 831.7 days), thermal burn (663 ± 39.59 days), and SJS (265 days), with an overall survival probability of 72% at 500 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical success was achieved in 72.22% of cases. SLET and derived techniques have proven safe and effective as viable treatments for LSCD. This relatively straightforward and efficient technique has yielded positive outcomes across various etiologies of LSCD in our population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1508-1512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Ahmed, Naif Alsulaiman, Mostafa M Diab, Adel H Alsuhaibani
{"title":"Periocular clinical differences between primary and postparalytic hemifacial spasm: A retrospective comparative study.","authors":"Ali Ahmed, Naif Alsulaiman, Mostafa M Diab, Adel H Alsuhaibani","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_806_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_806_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the differences in periocular features between patients with primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) and postparalytic facial spasm (PFS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted at two tertiary-care eye centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic medical records for patients diagnosed with HFS and PFS who were treated at these facilities were reviewed. Data collected included demographics, margin reflex distances (MRD1, MRD2), vertical palpebral fissure height (VPF), brow height, other Babinski signs, forehead furrow status, and synkinesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-seven hemifacial spasm patients (mean age 47.5 ± 10.01 years; 73.1% female) were included: 33 with HFS and 34 with PFS. MRD1 was significantly higher in HFS compared to PFS (3.5 ± 0.35 mm vs. 2.0 ± 0.26 mm, P < 0.001). Similarly, MRD2 was significantly higher in HFS compared to PFS (4.5 ± 0.75 mm vs. 3.0 ± 0.21 mm, P < 0.001). VPF was significantly narrower in PFS compared to HFS (5.0 ± 0.33 mm vs. 8.0 ± 0.83 mm, P < 0.001). Oro-ocular synkinesis was significantly more prevalent in PFS compared to HFS (94.1% vs. 15.2%, P < 0.001). The other Babinski sign was more common in HFS (63.6% vs. 14.7%, P < 0.001), while brow ptosis (82.4%, P < 0.001) and synkinesis (94.1% vs. 15.2%, P < 0.001) were more frequent in PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with PFS typically exhibit significantly narrower palpebral fissures, upper eyelid ptosis, reverse ptosis, and brow ptosis. In contrast, those with HFS are more likely to display the \"other Babinski sign\" and prominent forehead furrows.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1438-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prabu Baskaran, Nivean Madhivanan, Juhi Sahu, Maanasi Mahalingam, Seema Prabu, Pratheeba DNivean, Mohamed Abrar
{"title":"Comparative analysis of two innovative products designed exclusively for sutureless scleral fixation of intraocular lenses, \"XNIT device\" versus \"CM-T flex intraocular lens\".","authors":"Prabu Baskaran, Nivean Madhivanan, Juhi Sahu, Maanasi Mahalingam, Seema Prabu, Pratheeba DNivean, Mohamed Abrar","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_567_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_567_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the safety and efficacy of two innovative products for sutureless scleral fixation of intraocular lenses (SFIOL), namely, extraocular needle-guided haptic insertion technique (XNIT) device and CM-T Flex IOL.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted at two different tertiary eye hospitals in South India.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Nonrandomized comparative-retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 137 eyes of 137 patients was done, in which 80 eyes underwent SFIOL using XNIT technique and 57 eyes used the CM-T flex IOL. Visual outcomes and complication rates were evaluated over a 6-month follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 6 months, the XNIT group demonstrated superior median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Both techniques showed comparable BCVA at 1 and 3 months follow-up visits. XNIT group showed better uncorrected visual acuity at all study visits. There were no statistically significant differences between two techniques in postoperative complication rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, both XNIT and CM-T Flex techniques represent advancements in SFIOL surgery, each with distinct advantages. Clinicians should consider patient-specific factors and surgical preferences when choosing between these techniques for optimal outcomes in aphakic management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1503-1507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How does high-refractive error affect quantitative pupillometry values?","authors":"Dilara Özkoyuncu Kocabas, Fuat Yavrum","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_605_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_605_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the static and dynamic pupil responses in differentiating eyes with high-refractive errors from emmetropic controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted using data obtained from 36 participants with high myopia, 26 participants with high hyperopia, and 38 age-gender-matched controls. The cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and pupil responses were examined. In static pupillometry, pupil diameters were recorded at scotopic, mesopic, and photopic light intensities. The mean pupil dilation speed was calculated according to changes in pupil size over time, as dynamic pupillometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean scotopic and mesopic pupil diameters were smaller in high hyperopic eyes compared with high myopic and control eyes (P < 0.05). The photopic pupil diameter in the high hyperopic group was significantly lower than in the high myopic group (P = 0.003). There was no statistical difference between the high myopia and control groups regarding static pupillometry (P > 0.05). No significant difference was noted between the refractive groups regarding the speed of pupil dilation (P = 0.241). While SER and AL were correlated with scotopic and mesopic pupil diameters (P < 0.05), no correlation was observed with photopic pupil diameter or the speed of pupil dilation (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The difference in static pupil responses was prominent in high hyperopic eyes compared to high myopic and emmetropic eyes. Unlike static pupil responses, the speed of pupil dilation was not affected by high-refractive errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1426-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mowaffaq K Alkassasbeh, Fawaz H Alzweimel, Mohammad A Alshdaifat, Ibrahim M Alkilany, Hassan A Alhassan, Arwa K Khlaifat, Mohammed B Nawaiseh
{"title":"The efficacy of combined povidone-iodine 1% and dexamethasone 0.08% prepared eye drops in treating post-viral corneal subepithelial infiltrates.","authors":"Mowaffaq K Alkassasbeh, Fawaz H Alzweimel, Mohammad A Alshdaifat, Ibrahim M Alkilany, Hassan A Alhassan, Arwa K Khlaifat, Mohammed B Nawaiseh","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_3090_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_3090_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of povidone-iodine 1.0% and dexamethasone 0.08% combination eye drops in treating post-viral corneal subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This was a prospective, randomized comparative study of adult patients with SEIs. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 received combined povidone-iodine and dexamethasone eye drops with lubricating eye drops; Group 2 received dexamethasone and lubricating eye drops; Group 3 received povidone-iodine and lubricating eye drops. Treatment lasted for two weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 18 years or older with SEIs of 1-6 months duration were included. One eye per patient was chosen for treatment. If both eyes were affected, the eye with the more severe presentation was selected. Exclusion criteria included thyroid disease, allergy to study medications, ocular surgery within the last three months, and other conditions like corneal ulceration or active conjunctivitis. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 6 months post-treatment for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, symptoms, and modified Corneal Subepithelial Infiltrates Score (modified CSIS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 eyes (15 per group) were included. The combination treatment significantly improved BCVA (P < 0.001), symptoms (P = 0.020), modified CSIS (P < 0.001), and reduced recurrence (P < 0.001) compared to the other two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combined povidone-iodine 1% and dexamethasone 0.08% eye drops offer superior improvement in SEIs, BCVA, and symptom relief, with lower recurrence compared to individual treatments. These findings suggest a potential synergistic effect of combined treatment in managing SEIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1477-1481"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial intelligence-generated informed patient consent in various ophthalmological procedures: A comparative study of correctness, completeness, readability, and real-word application between Deepseek and Chatgpt 4o.","authors":"Deepsekhar Das, Bhavna Chawla, Neiwete Lomi, Preeti Tomar, Ananya Herle, Shivani Joshi","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1126_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_1126_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the correctness, completeness, language and readability, and real-world applicability of artificial intelligence chatbots-generated informed consent forms for various ophthalmological procedures and interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was performed by ophthalmology faculties of a tertiary care eye hospital. A list of popularly performed ophthalmological interventions in ophthalmological operation theaters was compiled. Questions were created asking for informed consents. Each question was standardized; the age and diagnosis were mentioned, which were eventually fed into two publicly available chatbots, namely, ChatGPT 4o and Deepseek. The answers obtained from these chatbots were then evaluated on the basis of correctness, completeness, language and readability, additional relevant information, irrelevant information, and real-world applicability of the consent (word to word) in Indian Scenario. Chi-square tests were used for performing analysis of categorical data, namely, correctness and completeness, whereas Mann-Whitney U test was performed for numerical data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ChatGPT had less words and sentences compared to Deepseek; however, Deepseek offered a higher average readability score on both Flesch Kincaid calculator and Gunning Fog Index. Deepseek required more attempted to obtain the responses. However, 40% of the consents generated by both chatbots were not fit to be used in Indian scenarios.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deepseek offered significantly more elaborate readable informed consents than ChatGPT; however, both the chatbots at present failed 40% of the times to create informed consents which can be used in Indian scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1466-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fibrin glue-assisted en bloc excision of pediatric iris cysts under (intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography) iOCT guidance: A minimally invasive technique.","authors":"Sonam Yangzes, Aravind Sekar, Manish Rohilla, Shivangi Yadav, Jitender Jinagal, Amit Gupta, Surinder Singh Pandav","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_885_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_885_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a novel three-step technique that incorporates microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (mi-OCT) guidance, controlled cyst aspiration, fibrin glue instillation, and en bloc excision. This approach was applied in two pediatric patients, a six-month-old female and a three-month-old male, with primary iris cysts obscuring the visual axis. Both patients underwent cyst excision with no intraoperative complications. Visual axis clarity was restored, and no recurrence was noted at 2 and a half years and 3 months of follow-up, respectively. This technique offers a promising alternative for the pediatric population, providing a minimally invasive, safe, and effective approach for complete cyst excision with enhanced intraoperative visualization.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1524-1526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serhat Ermis, Ece Ozal, Idil Celen Arabaci, Ulku Dubus Hos, Cengiz Gul, Murat Karapapak, Sadık Altan Ozal
{"title":"Lamina cribrosa curvature index as a biomarker of non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.","authors":"Serhat Ermis, Ece Ozal, Idil Celen Arabaci, Ulku Dubus Hos, Cengiz Gul, Murat Karapapak, Sadık Altan Ozal","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_652_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_652_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPCP), and lamina cribrosa (LC) parameters in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between these parameters and OSAS severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case-control study included 124 eyes from 124 OSAS patients (mild: n = 24, moderate: n = 45, severe: n = 55) diagnosed by polysomnography and 104 eyes of 104 healthy individuals. RNFL thickness, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, RPCP vessel densities (VD), LC thickness (LCT), LC depth, LC anterior width, LC curvature depth, and LC curvature index (LCCI) were assessed using swept-source optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography. Comparisons among groups and correlation analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RNFL thickness and RPCP VD were significantly lower in OSAS patients compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed among groups in GCIPL thickness. Among LC parameters, LCCI was significantly higher in severe and moderate OSAS groups compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between apnea-hypopnea index and LCCI, while a negative correlation was noted between AHI and LCT (P = 0.013 and P = 0.005, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LC parameters, particularly LCCI, may serve as important indicators reflecting disease severity and potential structural alterations at the optic nerve head in OSAS patients. LCCI may have clinical utility in assessing early optic neuropathy risk in OSAS. Further large-scale, prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1443-1448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshay G Nair, Van C Lansingh, Nicoletta Fynn-Thompson
{"title":"The consultant-trainee paradox in simulation: A question of validity, not inherent skill.","authors":"Akshay G Nair, Van C Lansingh, Nicoletta Fynn-Thompson","doi":"10.4103/IJO.IJO_1489_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/IJO.IJO_1489_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13329,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"73 10","pages":"1549-1550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}