Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

{"title":"Feasibility of Non-surgical Orthodontic Management in Syndromic Skeletal Class III: A Case Report.","authors":"Snigdha Kumar, Dipti Shastri, Gulshan K Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_46_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_46_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Skeletal Class III malocclusions are frequently associated with craniosynostosis syndromes, resulting in distinctive facial and dental anomalies. Among these, Crouzon syndrome is characterised by mutations in the FGFR2 gene, leading to premature fusion of the cranial vault, cranial base, orbital and maxillary sutures. The phenotypic expression of this congenital condition varies according to the timing and pattern of sutural fusion. This report details the clinical features and management of a 16-year-old male patient presenting with moderate skeletal Class III malocclusion as a manifestation of Crouzon syndrome. The present case fell within the spectrum of conventional non-surgical management. Adjunctive chin cup therapy initiated after rapid maxillary expansion aided in controlling residual mandibular growth, contributing to a favourable outcome in a hypodivergent pattern. Functional and aesthetic outcomes were markedly enhanced, and the results remained stable at the one-year follow-up assessment. Excellent compliance over 36 months contributed to treatment success and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Abrasive Wear Characteristics on Reused Rotary Cutting Diamond Instrument and Tungsten Carbide Burs - An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Gopi Naveen Chander, Javed Osmani","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_881_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_881_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the abrasive wear of reused rotary cutting diamond instruments and tungsten carbide burs used for tooth preparation, through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) based morphological evaluation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty teeth samples were divided into five groups, with four groups (Group A, B, C, D) prepared using diamond rotary cutting instruments from different manufacturers and one group (Group AC) prepared with tungsten carbide burs. It was further subdivided into a number of tooth preparations for porcelain-fused-metal restorations. The rotary cutting instruments were reused five times, and each time before reuse, they were evaluated for surface roughness under ×45 magnification SEM. The rotary instruments were evaluated along the length at 2 and 4 mm from the tip under ×45 magnification. The data on abrasive were recorded and statistically analysed with ANOVA One-way and Tukey Honest Significant Difference (HSD) mean differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean abrasive wear varied with the height of the rotary cutting instrument, with values ranging from 0.85 to 1.26 mm at 2 mm height and 1.01 to 1.22 mm at 4 mm height. One-way ANOVA displayed statistically significant differences between groups at both heights of 2 mm (F (5,24) = 8.998, P = 0.001) and 4 mm (F (4,25) = 4.311, P = 0.01). Post hoc analysis expressed that most pairwise comparisons were not significant, except for certain differences involving group AC ( P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The reused rotary cutting diamond instruments had decreased abrasive wear than tungsten carbide burs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frictional Resistance of Stainless Steel, Graphene-Coated, and Tungsten Disulfide-Coated Archwires with Ceramic Brackets - An In-Vitro Study.","authors":"Deenadayalan Purushothaman, Deepak Chandrasekharan","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_257_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_257_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate and compare the frictional resistance of stainless steel, graphene-coated, and WS 2 -coated archwires with polycrystalline ceramic brackets under different ligation methods and environmental conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This in-vitro study included 120 archwire specimens (0.019 × 0.025-inch), divided into six groups based on wire type and ligation method: stainless steel (SS-EM, SS-SSL), stainless steel alloy coated with graphene (G-EM, G-SSL), and WS 2 -coated (WS 2 -EM, WS 2 -SSL). Frictional resistance was measured using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (UTM) under dry and wet (artificial saliva) conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stainless steel archwires demonstrated the highest frictional resistance in both dry (SS-SSL: 8.35 ± 0.11) and wet conditions (9.35 ± 0.42). Stainless steel alloy coated with graphene archwires exhibited the lowest friction, particularly under dry conditions (G-EM: 5.40 ± 0.20). WS 2 -coated archwires showed intermediate values. Friction increased in all groups under wet conditions. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among most groups ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Graphene and WS 2 coatings significantly reduce frictional resistance compared to conventional stainless steel archwires. Stainless steel alloy coated with graphene archwires demonstrated superior performance, suggesting their potential to enhance orthodontic sliding mechanics and improve treatment efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Graphene Surface Coating on Frictional Behaviour of Orthodontic Archwires - A Comparative Study.","authors":"Katepogu Praveen, Deepak Chandrasekharan","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_183_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_183_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Friction at the bracket-archwire interface is a key determinant of efficiency in orthodontic sliding mechanics. Excessive friction dissipates applied forces, increases anchorage demand, and prolongs treatment duration. Surface modification of orthodontic archwires using nanomaterials such as graphene has gained attention due to its exceptional tribological and lubricating properties, which may reduce resistance to sliding.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the frictional resistance between conventional stainless steel (SS) and graphene-coated 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires used with different ligation systems under dry and wet conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This in-vitro experimental study included 120 archwire specimens divided into six groups based on wire type (SS and graphene-coated SS) and ligation method (elastomeric ligatures, stainless steel ligatures, and self-ligating brackets). Graphene coating was deposited using magnetron sputtering with an approximate thickness of 0.49 µm. Frictional resistance was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min under dry and artificial saliva conditions. Static friction was recorded as the peak force from the load-displacement curve. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed among all groups ( P < 0.001). Graphene-coated archwires showed consistently lower friction than conventional SS wires in both environments. The lowest friction was observed with graphene-coated wires in self-ligating brackets (2.25 N), while conventional SS wires demonstrated the highest values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Graphene surface modification significantly reduces friction during orthodontic sliding mechanics and may improve biomechanical efficiency, supporting further clinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders - A Systematic Review.","authors":"K Santhiya, M Kavitha, D Pavithra, Mallolu A Sanjana, B Niveditha, A I Samu Fathima","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_855_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_855_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) represent a spectrum of lesions with an increased risk of malignant transformation into oral cancer. Traditional pharmacological interventions such as corticosteroids and immunomodulators have shown variable success. Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), known for its regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, has emerged as a novel therapeutic option in the management of OPMDs. This review aimed to systematically review and analyse the existing literature on the efficacy of PRP in the management of OPMDs compared to conventional treatment modalities. A comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar without year restrictions, limited to English-language studies. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), evaluating PRP for OPMDs. Inclusion criteria were adults aged 18 years or older diagnosed with OPMDs, treated with PRP, and not undergoing concurrent treatments. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias RoB 2.0 tool. Data synthesis was done narratively, focussing on lesion response, histological regression, and clinical improvement. Preliminary findings suggest that PRP shows promising efficacy in improving clinical and histological outcomes in patients with OPMDs, particularly oral lichen planus. Compared to conventional treatments such as corticosteroids, PRP demonstrated favourable results in reducing lesion size, improving symptoms, and promoting epithelial healing with minimal adverse effects. PRP appears to be an effective adjunct or alternative to conventional therapy in the management of OPMDs. While early results are encouraging, well-designed large-scale RCTs are needed to establish standardised protocols and validate its long-term efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Cissus Quadrangularis-loaded Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (CQ-TiO 2 ) and Evaluation of its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Biocompatibility activity in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.","authors":"H Nilofer Farjana, G Mohan Valiathan, Bagavad G Jayaraman","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_724_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_724_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontitis is characterized by microbial infection, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, resulting in damage to the periodontal tissues. Novel therapies incorporating plant-derived bioactive compounds loaded onto nanoparticles (NPs) represent promising strategies. Herein, we synthesize and biologically evaluate Cissus quadrangularis-loaded titanium dioxide (CQ-TiO 2 ) NPs for applications like periodontal disease management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CQ-TiO 2 NPs were synthesized using a green chemistry approach with CQ extract and evaluated for antimicrobial efficacy, which was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans ; antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay; anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α); osteogenic marker (TGF-β), and biocompatibility was investigated using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) MTT assay on human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Successful synthesis of Cissus quadrangularis-loaded TiO 2 nanoparticles (CQ-TiO 2 NPs) and scaffold fabrication exhibited potent antimicrobial activity, with low MIC values proving that the scaffold penetrates biofilm and inhibits adhesion. Strong antioxidant activity was confirmed through substantial DPPH radical inhibition. Gene expression analysis demonstrated significant downregulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and enhanced bone remodelling. Additionally, the MTT assay confirmed high biocompatibility and cell viability of human PDL cells exposed to CQ-TiO 2 NPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synthesized CQ-TiO 2 NPs exhibited remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and biocompatibility, underscoring their potential application as a novel therapeutic modality for effective periodontal regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148162835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Measurement Techniques and Terminology for Maximum Mouth Opening in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Critical Review of Methodological Inconsistencies.","authors":"Anusa A Mohandoss, Rooban Thavarajah","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_540_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_540_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) causes progressive restricted mouth opening and functional impairment. Maximum mouth opening (MMO) is a critical outcome measure, but a lack of standardised measurement techniques and terminology hinders comparison across clinical trials. This study evaluates the methodological rigour and homogeneity of MMO measurement in a representative OSF literature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study analysed 72 OSF treatment trials, extracting data on measurement instruments, terminology, and procedural reporting. Inconsistency was defined as inadequate uniformity in terminology, instruments, procedural details, clinical adjustments, or reporting clarity of MMO measurements. Related data were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant heterogeneity was observed in measurement instruments, with Vernier callipers being the most commonly used (43%). Terminology varied, with inter-incisal distance being the most frequent (73%). Methodological reporting was poor: 86% of studies failed to cite references for their technique, 82% did not address missing teeth, and the mean description length was brief (26.9 ± 17.3 words).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The lack of standardisation in MMO measurement techniques and terminology poses challenges for comparing outcomes across studies. Detailed reporting of measurement protocols, including instrument calibration and patient positioning, is essential for improving reproducibility and reliability in OSF research. Findings are limited by exclusive reliance on published data without protocol registration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Standardisation of MMO measurement techniques and terminology is crucial for advancing OSF research and improving patient outcomes. Future studies should adopt comprehensive guidelines to ensure methodological rigour and reproducibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148162952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Adaptation, Push-out Bond Strength, Solubility and Microleakage of TheraCal PT with Biodentine as a Perforation Repair Material - An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Harakh C Baranwal, Neelam Mittal, Aiyman Ayubi, Silviya Samad, Shubham Kharat, Harshitaa Aggarwal","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_104_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_104_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The primary aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the marginal adaptation, push-out bond strength (PBS), solubility and microleakage of a newly introduced dual-cure resin, TheraCal PT, in comparison to Biodentine for repairing perforations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and divided into two groups. Tooth root sections were prepared, and artificial perforations were created. Each perforation was filled with either TheraCal PT or Biodentine ( n = 15 each). Marginal adaptation was inspected under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 1000× magnification. A universal testing machine measured the PBS. After a week of immersion in distilled water, solubility was determined by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. Microleakage was evaluated through lateral perforations filled with materials and dyed for penetration testing. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the data for PBS and microleakage. The solubility and marginal adaptation values were evaluated using an independent t -test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biodentine demonstrated better marginal adaptation than TheraCal PT, which was statistically significant ( P = 0.03). TheraCal PT displayed significantly superior PBS ( P = 0.04) compared to Biodentine. Also, TheraCal PT exhibited significantly lower solubility ( P < 0.001) and microleakage rates ( P = 0.013) than Biodentine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, based on the constraints of this study, TheraCal PT emerges as a suitable option for perforation repair, potentially serving as a viable alternative to Biodentine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148162819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research - Asia Pacific Regional (IADR-APR) Conference September 18-21, 2025 New Delhi, India.","authors":"S M Balaji","doi":"10.4103/ijdr_202637S1_ABS_001","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr_202637S1_ABS_001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"37 Suppl 1","pages":"S1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147511523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altering the Angle of Attachment for Fixed Functional Appliances to Control Lower Incisor Proclination - An Evaluative Study.","authors":"Mudita Srivastava, Puneet Batra, Sana Bint Aziz, Samuel I Roldan","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_242_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_242_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The management of Class II malocclusion is challenging in growing patients, where the objective is to modulate skeletal growth rather than dentoalveolar correction only. Fixed functional appliances (FFA) have become a cornerstone in treating Class II malocclusions, offering an efficient alternative for mandibular advancement in non-compliant patients. However, one side effect of FFA is the proclination of lower incisors, which may require careful management through biomechanical control.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study analysed the impact of altering the angle of FFA attachment on proclination of lower incisors, using mathematical modelling and clinical outcomes from two orthodontically treated cases. The FFA was placed from the maxillary first molar tube to the lower archwire, distal to the mandibular first premolar in a short attachment and distal to the mandibular canine in a long attachment case.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mathematical evaluation of the force vectors with long and short attachments of FFA revealed that the short attachment delivered 6 g less horizontal force and 20 g more intrusive force, along with six times more moment, in comparison to the long attachment. The clinical outcomes of the orthodontically treated cases indicated proclination of the lower incisors in both cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altering the angle of attachment altered the vector of forces applied to the lower incisors, leading to a more intrusive force in the case of short-attachment FFA. However, future research with a larger, controlled sample is required to establish the extent and nature of the impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148162780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}