Indian Journal of Dental Research最新文献

Effect of Intracanal Medicament Type on Postoperative Pain - A Prospective Study. 肛管内用药类型对术后疼痛影响的前瞻性研究。

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_777_24

Manal J Almaslamani, Mohamed H El Mesmari, Shamim M Ismail

{"title":"Effect of Intracanal Medicament Type on Postoperative Pain - A Prospective Study.","authors":"Manal J Almaslamani, Mohamed H El Mesmari, Shamim M Ismail","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_777_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_777_24","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim was to comparatively evaluate the ability of Ledemix and non-setting calcium hydroxide intracanal medicaments to reduce postoperative pain in teeth undergoing root canal treatment (RCT).Materials and methods: A single-blinded, randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted at Ajman University College of Dentistry, involving 59 patients requiring RCT on maxillary and mandibular first molars. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1 received Ledermix paste, while Group 2 received non-setting calcium hydroxide paste. Treatments were performed by supervised fifth-year dental students using standardised aseptic techniques. Local anesthesia was administered, and rubber dam isolation was ensured. After access cavity preparation, root canals were instrumented using WaveOne Gold Files with sodium hypochlorite irrigation. The assigned intracanal medicament was placed, and the cavity was sealed with a temporary restoration. Pain levels were assessed preoperatively and at 4 h and 4 days postoperatively using a visual analogue scale by a blinded investigator. Clinical and demographic data, including age, gender, smoking status, medical history, and pulpal/periapical diagnoses, were recorded.Results: Data were analysed using SPSS 28.0. T-tests were used to compare pain levels between groups, with significance set at P < 0.05. The average pain score decreased significantly from 3.95 ± 0.52 preoperatively to 1.47 ± 0.30 at 4 h and 0.42 ± 0.18 at 4 days postoperatively (P = 0.001). Ledermix was associated with greater pain reduction at 4 h (P = 0.004), no significant differences between groups were observed at 4 days (P = 0.665).Conclusion: Both medicaments effectively reduced pain, with Ledermix offering superior early relief.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surgical Management of Permanent Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation-A Case Report. 永久性双侧颞下颌关节脱位的手术治疗1例。

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_131_25

S M Balaji, Preetha Balaji, Sachin Nishanth

{"title":"Surgical Management of Permanent Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation-A Case Report.","authors":"S M Balaji, Preetha Balaji, Sachin Nishanth","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_131_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_131_25","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic protracted mandibular dislocation (CPMD) in elderly patients poses unique treatment challenges due to age-related anatomical changes. This report details the successful management of bilateral CPMD in a geriatric patient.Case report: A 69-year-old female presented with a 3-month history of inability to close her mouth following bilateral TMJ dislocation. Examination and imaging revealed thinning of the glenoid fossa and zygomatic root, along with pneumatization. Previous forceful reductions under general anesthesia had failed.Intervention: A custom titanium modified bent L miniplate was surgically placed to act as a mechanical stop, preventing excessive anterior condylar translation while preserving hinge movement.Outcomes: At follow-up, the patient reported no further dislocations, significant pain reduction, and improved mastication and speech. Postoperative mouth opening increased from 12 mm to 34 mm.Conclusion: The custom miniplate technique offers a promising solution for managing chronic TMJ dislocations in elderly patients with compromised bone quality, providing mechanical stability without intra-articular intervention.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Awareness on Dental Pulp Stem Cells and their Application in Regenerative Dentistry among Dental and Biotechnology Professionals - An Evaluative Study. 牙科和生物技术专业人员对牙髓干细胞及其在再生牙科中的应用的认识-一项评估研究。

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_422_23

Mansi J Patel, Kavan M Shah, Jayasankar P Pillai

{"title":"Awareness on Dental Pulp Stem Cells and their Application in Regenerative Dentistry among Dental and Biotechnology Professionals - An Evaluative Study.","authors":"Mansi J Patel, Kavan M Shah, Jayasankar P Pillai","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_422_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_422_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental stem cells from pulp tissue have their important application in regenerative dentistry. The research on potential use of dental stem cells has been progressing exponentially, and hence, the skills and knowledge in this area amongst the dental and biotechnology professionals are of utmost significance. The study aimed to determine the level of awareness, knowledge, and opinion on the dental pulp stem cells and their application in regenerative dentistry amongst dentists and biotechnology professionals.Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based survey. A questionnaire prepared in Google form was distributed to 170 potential participants, which included 77 dental and 82 biotechnology professionals. The responses of 159 participants (93.5%) were received.Results: There was a significant difference in the opinion regarding dental tissue as a source of stem cells between dentists and biotechnology professionals ( P < 0.001). More biotechnologists were aware of the availability of stem cell banking in India than dentists. Nearly 55% opine that stems cells from pulp have their greatest application in restoring the tooth.Conclusion: There was adequate awareness about the dental stem cells amongst the professionals, and they were optimistic about their potential application. There is a lacuna in the knowledge regarding its application in systemic diseases and banking. Hence, there is a need to include the topic of stem cells in dental and biotechnology curriculum.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Application on the Microhardness and Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Enamel and Dentin - An In Vitro Study. 氟化二胺银和碘化钾对树脂复合材料显微硬度和与牙本质的剪切结合强度的影响——体外研究

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-13 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_515_23

Surabhi Bhardwaj, Harsimran Kaur, Rishika Choudhary, Nishita Garg, Ramakrishna Yeluri, Garima Yeluri

{"title":"Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Potassium Iodide Application on the Microhardness and Shear Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Enamel and Dentin - An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Surabhi Bhardwaj, Harsimran Kaur, Rishika Choudhary, Nishita Garg, Ramakrishna Yeluri, Garima Yeluri","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_515_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_515_23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the effect of the application of silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide on the microhardness and shear bond strength of composite resin complex to enamel and dentin.Material and method: Extracted premolars were processed and sectioned to expose flat enamel and dentin surfaces. Group 1 was the Enamel group and Group 2 was the Dentin group which were further categorized into sound and demineralized subgroups, with and without SDF+KI application. The samples were then mounted in self-curing acrylic resin and composite buttons were built over the flat surfaces of each subgroup. Half of the total samples were subjected to shear bond strength using a Universal testing machine and another half was subjected to microhardness testing using Vickers microhardness testing machine. Inter-subgroup comparison among enamel and dentin samples for microhardness and shear bond strength was carried out using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's analysis. The level of significance was predetermined at ≤0.05.Results: The groups with SDF+KI application showed an increase in the shear bond strength while improved microhardness of the enamel and dentin samples was observed. There was a statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength values and microhardness among the subgroups of enamel and dentin (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The application of SDF+KI improved the shear bond strength of the resin composite and enhanced the microhardness of the enamel and dentin.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implant Osteoblast Differentiation Under Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibrational Loading - An In Vitro Study. 低强度高频振动载荷下种植体成骨细胞分化的体外研究。

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_125_24

Sachin Chaware, Chetan Kakade, Siddhesh Borse

{"title":"Implant Osteoblast Differentiation Under Low-Magnitude High-Frequency Vibrational Loading - An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Sachin Chaware, Chetan Kakade, Siddhesh Borse","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_125_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_125_24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The present study aimed to assess the microscopic effects of low-magnitude high frequency on dental implant surfaces using MG-63 cells and vertical vibration loading.Materials and methods: 24 dental implants wrapped with collagen membranes were placed in a 12-well plate filled with MG-63 cell culture. A vibration device was constructed using 3D printing technology and employed a vertical vibration system. Three vibration cycles were utilized, including frequencies of 30 Hz, 60 Hz, and 90 Hz. Each cycle had durations of 1, 5, and 10 min/h, with a total duration of 6 h. The control group underwent no vibrational loading. After 24 h, analysis was conducted using an inverted microscope and a spectrophotometer. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression was assessed using an ALP Kit.Results: The study yielded highly significant results (P < 0.001). cell activity was found to be highest with 30 Hz vibration loading compared to both 60 Hz and 90 Hz (P < 0.001). Among the various durations tested, the 30 Hz vibration with a 5-min cycle per hour, totalling 6 h, exhibited the highest cell activity. Additionally, ALP expression was most pronounced with 30 Hz vibrational loading. The cells displayed a dark green appearance surrounded by a pale green extracellular matrix.Conclusion: The highest cell activity and ALP expression were reported with the 30 Hz vibrational loading lasting 5 min/h, over a total duration of 6 h. However, a decline in cell activity was observed with both increased duration and frequency.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterisation of Macrophage Sub-populations in Oral Lichen Planus using CD64 and CD163 - An Evaluative Study. CD64和CD163对口腔扁平苔藓巨噬细胞亚群特征的评价研究

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_458_24

L Surya Surendran, Anna P Joseph, Varun B Raghavan Pillai, Freeda Mary Selvaraj

{"title":"Characterisation of Macrophage Sub-populations in Oral Lichen Planus using CD64 and CD163 - An Evaluative Study.","authors":"L Surya Surendran, Anna P Joseph, Varun B Raghavan Pillai, Freeda Mary Selvaraj","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_458_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_458_24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) stands out as one of the prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the oral cavity, with its aetiology linked to immune-mediated processes. Macrophages play a pivotal role in orchestrating immunological responses within the oral environment. While existing literature suggests significant involvement of macrophages in the progression and persistence of OLP, insights into their specific phenotype expression remain limited.Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the expression of M1 and M2 macrophages in reticular and erosive OLP using CD64 and CD163.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 15 clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OLP, along with 15 cases of normal oral mucosa. Densities of CD64+ M1 and CD163+ M2 macrophages were assessed in the epithelial and sub-epithelial areas.Results: A significant correlation between macrophage sub-populations in OLP was observed (P < 0.001). Within OLP, higher densities of CD64+ M1 and CD163+ M2 macrophages were detected in sub-epithelial areas. Notably, M1 macrophage predominated over M2 macrophage sub-populations in OLP, potentially implicating them in the immunopathogenesis.Conclusions: These findings hold importance for future investigations targeting therapeutic interventions for OLP.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retentive Strength of Stainless-Steel Crown with Three Different Luting Cements - An In vitro Study. 三种不同固位剂对不锈钢冠固位强度的体外研究。

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_65_25

Amit Vilas Tandulkar, Lumbini Pathivada, Nishita Garg, Munagala Karthik Krishna, Ramakrishna Yeluri, Sayani Roy

{"title":"Retentive Strength of Stainless-Steel Crown with Three Different Luting Cements - An In vitro Study.","authors":"Amit Vilas Tandulkar, Lumbini Pathivada, Nishita Garg, Munagala Karthik Krishna, Ramakrishna Yeluri, Sayani Roy","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_65_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_65_25","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) have a high clinical success rate, a key reason for its clinical failure is loss of crown due to cementation failure. Therefore, the choice of cementation material has an important effect on SSC retention.Aim: To evaluate the retention strength of SSCs luted on primary molars with glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and resin-based cement.Materials and methods: A total of 45 freshly extracted human primary molars were prepared to receive SSCs and randomly divided into three equal groups, to receive the different luting cements: conventional glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer and resin luting cement. The teeth were then stored in artificial saliva for 24 h. The retentive strength of the crowns was determined using a specially designed Universal Testing Machine.Statistical analysis: To compare the mean retentive strength between cements, ANOVA with post hoc test was applied.Results: Mean retentive strength for GC GOLD Label 1 group was 230.30 ± 13.46; GC FujiCEM group was 194.78 ± 13.03; and 269.25 ± 11.28 for the GC G-CEM One group. A comparison of luting cement showed the retentive strength of GC G-CEM One cement significantly higher than the rest of the two cements (P < 0.001). The retentive strength of GC GOLD Label 1 cement was significantly higher than GC FujiCEM cement (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Resin cement (GC G-CEM One) significantly improved crown retention when compared with RMGIC (GC FujiCem) and GIC (GC Gold label 1).","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion in an Adolescent Using Maxillary Skeletal Expander and Facemask - A Case Report. 上颌骨扩张器与面罩治疗青少年骨骼III类错颌1例。

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_754_24

Nandita Krishnaswamy

引用次数: 0

Mitigation of Mouth Opening in Oral Submucous Fibrosis with Nutraceutical Products: A Network Meta-Analysis. 营养保健品减轻口腔黏膜下纤维化患者的开口：一项网络荟萃分析

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_578_24

Anusa A Mohandoss, Rooban Thavarajah, Elizabeth Joshua, Umadevi K Rao

{"title":"Mitigation of Mouth Opening in Oral Submucous Fibrosis with Nutraceutical Products: A Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Anusa A Mohandoss, Rooban Thavarajah, Elizabeth Joshua, Umadevi K Rao","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_578_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_578_24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is associated with habitual use of areca nut. Several nonsurgical interventions for OSF have been used, with increasing predilection to try plant-based products. The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of nutraceutical products (NPs) and other classes of nonsurgical interventions in OSF management using the network meta-analysis (NMA) approach. After registering with PROSPERO, the present study systematically searched for relevant studies in databases. PICO framework was used to identify studies relevant to evaluate the effectiveness of NPs and other classes of interventions. Standard NMA tools were used to assess the quality of the included studies and perform analysis. A total of 51 studies were included for final analysis with 53 trials. The primary outcome of identified studies was the mean difference (MD) in mouth opening (MO) expressed as mean (95% confidence interval). There were 16 interventions including placebo involving 3850 patients. The highest MD is 10.14 (4.38-15.89) with steroids with/without spreading factor (SSF) with ultrasonography (USG), followed by 9.87 (2.96-16.78) with SSF and NP-systemic and USG application, while the least is 1.43 (-4.31 to 7.18) SSF (8.04%). The probability of placebo being the most effective intervention in MO is the highest (93.91%), followed by exercise (81.50%), as evidenced by Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA) and litmus rank-o-gram. This NMA results, within its limitation, showed that several NP outcomes are statistically superior to placebo in improving the MO, but as a class of drugs, none of the classes exhibited supremacy over others, especially to placebo. The result of this NMA indicates that none of classes of non-surgical treatment, especially NPs, have no distinct advantage in mitigation MO in OSF treatment.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adverse Effects of 'Two-by-Four Fixed Orthodontic Appliance' in Mixed Dentition Period - A Systematic Review. “二乘四固定正畸矫治器”在混合牙列期不良反应的系统回顾。

Indian Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_217_24

Mohammad Kamran Khan, Ramanandvignesh Pandiyan, Shakir Hussain Rather

{"title":"Adverse Effects of 'Two-by-Four Fixed Orthodontic Appliance' in Mixed Dentition Period - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mohammad Kamran Khan, Ramanandvignesh Pandiyan, Shakir Hussain Rather","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_217_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_217_24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Malocclusion is a global public dental health problem with higher prevalence and treatment needs. However, there is a perplexing literature regarding early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition stage. '2 × 4 orthodontic appliances' have been highlighted in the literature as versatile appliances for the effective correction of various malocclusions in children. However, dental clinicians and researchers should also have updated knowledge about the negative aspects of '2 × 4 orthodontic appliances', which are reported in the exiting literature. Hence, this systematic review aimed to find out the evidence about the adverse effects/complications of 2 × 4 orthodontic appliance therapy in mixed dentition phase of paediatric patients by extensively exploring and critically appraising the pertinent literature. This systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Its protocol was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Literature was searched comprehensively in six databases and also manually. After the screening of the records (n = 1234) as per the eligibility criteria, finally, nine (n = 5) articles were included and critically analysed using different Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Eligible studies including Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (n = 1), non-RCT (n = 2), retrospective study (n = 1), case-report (n = 1) published from 1999 to 2023 in which 82 patients with mean-age of 10-year, mostly with pseudo class-III malocclusion, anterior cross-bite and crowding treated using 2 x 4 appliance were found. The literature-based evidence related to the adverse effects of 2 × 4 orthodontic appliances was found to be inadequate in quantity, but majority was of high quality (low risk of bias). However, various negative aspects/complications of this particular fixed orthodontic therapy were reported by the included primary studies.","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0