Characterisation of Macrophage Sub-populations in Oral Lichen Planus using CD64 and CD163 - An Evaluative Study.

Abstract

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) stands out as one of the prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the oral cavity, with its aetiology linked to immune-mediated processes. Macrophages play a pivotal role in orchestrating immunological responses within the oral environment. While existing literature suggests significant involvement of macrophages in the progression and persistence of OLP, insights into their specific phenotype expression remain limited.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the expression of M1 and M2 macrophages in reticular and erosive OLP using CD64 and CD163.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 15 clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of OLP, along with 15 cases of normal oral mucosa. Densities of CD64+ M1 and CD163+ M2 macrophages were assessed in the epithelial and sub-epithelial areas.

Results: A significant correlation between macrophage sub-populations in OLP was observed (P < 0.001). Within OLP, higher densities of CD64+ M1 and CD163+ M2 macrophages were detected in sub-epithelial areas. Notably, M1 macrophage predominated over M2 macrophage sub-populations in OLP, potentially implicating them in the immunopathogenesis.

Conclusions: These findings hold importance for future investigations targeting therapeutic interventions for OLP.