{"title":"Efficacy of Sodium Fluoride and Fluoridated Calcium Phosphate in Mitigating Dental Erosion on Human Enamel: An In Vitro Analysis.","authors":"Mohammed Raihan Assadi, Darshana Devadiga, Aditya Ingle, Nainy Jain, Dheeraj Devadiga","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_80_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_80_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With increasing prevalence of dental erosion, this study explores the protective role of traditional fluoride-based products and newer formulations on eroded enamel.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the protective effectiveness of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and sodium fluoride (NaF) on human enamel against erosion using surface microhardness (SMH) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten extracted human third molars were sectioned to obtain 40 enamel sections and randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10) and treated as follows: G1 (Sound Enamel), G2 (Erosive Challenge), G3 (CPP-ACPF + Erosive Challenge), and G4 (NaF + Erosive Challenge). All samples were subjected to Vicker's SMH analysis, while changes in surface morphology and elemental composition were validated in few representative samples using FTIR and SEM, respectively.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Paired samples test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey HSD test were performed using SPSS software version 23 setting P value < 0.05 as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean SMH1 values for the experimental groups G3 and G4 were significantly higher (426.58VHN and 455.83VHN) when compared to G1 (P = 0.000) and G2 (P = 0.000). In SEM analysis, G2 showed eroded honeycomb appearance compared to the smooth homogenous surface of G1, while both G3 and G4 showed deposition of some precipitates. FTIR analysis revealed that in G3 and G4, a characteristic peak of phosphate vibrations between 528 and 823 cm-1 and carbonate bands at 845-932 cm-1 was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both CPP-ACPF and NaF demonstrated a protective effect on enamel against erosive challenge by an orange juice-based beverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mani B Subramani, Krishnan Mahalakshmi, Bharathy Jaya, Sankar Leena Sankari, Venkatesan N Kumar
{"title":"Candida Albicans Candidalysin ECE1 Gene - A Potent Virulence Factor for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders.","authors":"Mani B Subramani, Krishnan Mahalakshmi, Bharathy Jaya, Sankar Leena Sankari, Venkatesan N Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_922_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_922_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Candidalysin has been isolated initially from a pathogenic human fungus. The extent of cell elongation 1 ( ECE1 ) gene codes for candidalysin of Candida albicans (C. albicans) . This toxin is most important for epithelial immune activation, invasiveness and infection of the oral mucosa.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study is aimed at detecting the ECE 1 gene in C. albicans isolates from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs).</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>A total of 60 C. albicans isolates from OSCC (n = 23), OPMDs (n = 23) and healthy subjects (n = 14) were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of ECE 1 gene. A high prevalence of the ECE 1 gene was observed among the C . albicans isolates from OSCC and OPMD compared to the isolates from healthy subjects. Statistical significance was observed for both OSCC and OPMD groups compared to the healthy group.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The results suggest the significant role of candidalysin in oral oncogenesis. The high odds and risk ratio specify a strong association between candidalysin and these conditions. Screening this gene in a large number of isolates would further reinforce their role in oncogenesis. Future studies in characterizing their virulence on normal cell lines would clarify the importance of candidalysin in promoting oncogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feasibility of the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) Protocol in a Hospital-Based Setting in India.","authors":"Imam Azam, Vijay P Mathur, Nitesh Tewari, Rahul Morankar, Kalpana Bansal, Anju Rajwar","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_46_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_46_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility of the International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) protocol in a hospital-based setting in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 160 children, 3-6 years old children reporting with dental caries to a hospital-based setting were recruited. Risk-based management of dental caries was conducted and followed for one year as per the modified ICCMS protocol. The feasibility of the ICCMS protocol was evaluated based on treatment outcomes including symptom reduction, patient compliance, and time taken in risk assessment. Qualitative outcomes were assessed using a paired t -test, whereas the Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed the change in quantitative variables from baseline to one year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A one-year follow-up assessment was completed for 139 children. Majority of children (101 = 72.7%) had high caries risk, while (38 = 27.3%) had moderate risk. A significant improvement was observed in terms of reduction in patient symptoms such as reducing the number of active caries, maintaining sound teeth, and maintaining restored teeth ( P < 0.05). The time taken for risk assessment was also significantly reduced (mean difference 1.99 ± 3.37 min) at one-year recall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ICCMS protocol for caries management is feasible in terms of systematic symptom reduction in both moderate and high dental caries risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benign Adult-Type Osteopetrosis with Recurrent Osteomyelitis of the Maxilla-A Rare Case Report.","authors":"Nalini Aswath, R Bhargavi","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_10_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_10_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Osteopetrosis, also known as marble bone disease, is a genetic condition characterised by generalised sclerosis of bones. The osteoclastic cells responsible for bone resorption are defective and nonfunctional. These patients tend to have low bone quality in spite of increased bone deposition and thus experience multiple fractures during their life span. The bones are dense with loss of corticomedullary differentiation. A case report of benign adult type of osteopetrosis wherein a 47-year-old man underwent simple dental extraction of maxillary posterior teeth that segued to chronic nonhealing osteomyelitis of the maxilla is presented. Sequestromy of the dead bone further complicated the secondary infection due to nonhealing of the surgical area. The patient was treated with a full course of antibiotics and is under regular follow-up. Since dental extractions can lead to osteomyelitis of jaw bones judicious evaluation and careful treatment planning are advised.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Modification of Fenestration Technique (MOFT) to Increase Vestibular Depth: A Case Series.","authors":"Anukrati Katariya, Bhavna J Kukreja","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_721_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_721_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The most prevalent mucogingival issues include insufficient gingival width, decreased vestibular depth, abnormal frenal attachment, gingival recession, pockets that reach the mucogingival junction, excess gingival, inconsistent gingival margin, excessive gingival display and abnormal gingival colour. Numerous periodontal plastic operations have been used to treat these issues. However, each approach has its own drawbacks and is technique-dependent. Adequate depth of vestibule is necessary to maintain good oral health as shallow vestibule leads to accumulation of food and thus impedes oral hygiene maintenance. This case series describes a vestibular deepening procedure performed using modification of periosteal fenestration technique. This technique includes a series of eight cases of shallow vestibule where vestibular deepening was conducted by giving a full-thickness incision to expose the periosteum and create a window of fenestration followed by suturing the labial mucosa to the periosteum at the apical level. The results reported an excellent post-operative outcome showing increased depth of the vestibule.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oral and Maxillo-facial Fungal Infections in COVID-19 Patients - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Preeti Sharma, Sangeeta Malik, Vijay Wadhwan, Kush Sharma, Anindita Chauhan, Rishabh Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_691_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_691_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The main objective of the current systematic review was to compile and evaluate the data on opportunistic maxillofacial mycotic infections in COVID-19 patients during the treatment and post-recovery period of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comorbidities like diabetes, corticosteroid use, and mortality among COVID-19-associated patients presenting with oral and maxillofacial fungal infections were also assessed. The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A comprehensive search was carried out in the archives of Web of Science, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Lilacs, and Livivo in combination with Boolean operators till 24th June 2022, and cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports deliberating on maxillofacial mycoses in COVID-19 were included. The included studies were meted to the risk of bias using the Joana Briggs Institute Appraisal tools for prevalence studies, case series, and case reports. In a two-stage collection, 20 studies were included: 9 observational (3269 patients), 5 case-series (42 patients), and 6 case reports (8 patients) from 7 countries. Mucormycosis was the most commonly reported maxillofacial fungal infection (96.7%/3162 cases), followed by candidiasis (3.2%/105 cases) associated with COVID-19. Although aspergillosis was observed in only one case and one patient, a mixed mycotic infection demonstrating both aspergillus and mucor fungal elements was identified in one patient. Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, indiscriminate corticosteroid use and immunosuppression leads to invasive maxillofacial fungal infections in COVID-19, which may prove to be fatal.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":"35 4","pages":"459-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Eucalyptus and Piper Longum and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation.","authors":"Nadhirah Faiz, Vinay Sivaswamy, Subhashree Rohinikumar","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_22_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_22_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gold is the oldest dental restorative material, used for dental repairs for more than 4000 years, and remains an important metal included in the dental sector. In a world where nanoparticle importance has been well established and preparation of nanoparticles has become much easier, it is important to assess if these nanoparticles can be extracted from plants as well. Along with its extraction, analysis of each property of the nanoparticle is essential. Pepper and eucalyptus remain two of the most important ingredients used in ayurveda and can be easily found as a component in everyday consumption.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was to extract gold nanoparticles using eucalyptus and piper longum and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the derived gold nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methodology: </strong>Preparation of plant extract was done following which extraction of gold nanoparticles was performed. Antibacterial properties of the gold nanoparticles were tested by well diffusion method and compared against the antibacterial gold standard, antibiotic amoxicillin. After 24 hours, the zone of inhibitions was measured in millimeters and the data were compiled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resultant green synthesized gold nanoparticles show high antibacterial activity against S. albicans, and a fair amount of antibacterial activity against S. mutans, S. aureus, and E. faecalis, which was revealed by comparing the zone of inhibition to the gold standard, amoxicillin 500 mg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gold nanoparticles were found to have good antimicrobial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":"429-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reasons for First Dental Visit in Pre-teen Children in Qazvin, Iran.","authors":"Reza Emrani, Razieh Jabbarian","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_19_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early dental visits in childhood, in addition to preventing dental problems, can also be effective in promoting the quality of life. The age of the first visit and the reasons for it vary in different countries depending on the level of education in the community, economic conditions, availability of health facilities and pattern of health services in the country. This study was conducted to understand the reasons for Iranian parents' attitude to dental visits and its relationship with social and economic indicators.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The checklist was used to record the data. It consisted of 18 questions based on the reason for dental visit. Then the reasons were categorized as pain, trauma, tooth discolouration, teacher's recommendation and referral from other dental centres, using insurance coverage, bad dental habits and periodic care. Finally, the doctor's diagnosis was recorded. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation, t -test, ANOVA, and data description was used at the level of 0.05 ( P value = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Pain was the most common reason for the first dental visit (49.7%) followed by discolouration and detecting and carried assessment. Occupation level of education and having an insurance package had a significant relationship with the reason for dental visits in parents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The level of education and job having supplementary insurance were related to the reason for dental visits. Pain is the most common reason, and it shows that the importance of regular dental visits is not well known by parents. The reason for dental visits is under the control of socioeconomical factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":"395-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Sheryl Dolly, P L Ravi Shankar, A V Saravanan, K Raja Pandian, R Sindhujaa, K M Mohamed Rashik
{"title":"Subgingivally Delivered Spirulina Gel and Chlorhexidine Gel in Periodontitis Patients - A Comparative Study.","authors":"A Sheryl Dolly, P L Ravi Shankar, A V Saravanan, K Raja Pandian, R Sindhujaa, K M Mohamed Rashik","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_271_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_271_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontal diseases necessitate adjunctive therapies alongside mechanical debridement. Spirulina platensis, recognized for its antimicrobial properties and minimal side effects, offers promise in periodontal treatment.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study compares the efficacy of subgingivally delivered spirulina gel with chlorhexidine (CHX) gel both clinically and microbiologically in stage III periodontitis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, split-mouth study was conducted with 23 subjects meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: Group I (control) received scaling and root planing (SRP) followed by 1% CHX gel, and Group II (test) received SRP followed by 4% spirulina gel. Clinical parameters such as Gingival Index (GI), Modified Sulcular Bleeding Index (mSBI), and probing depth were assessed at baseline, 3 rd week, and 6 th week. Microbial load assessment for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) was conducted using real-time qPCR at baseline and 6 th week.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Paired t-tests, repeated measures analyses of variance using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups exhibited significant improvements in clinical parameters and reduced P.g load, with no significant difference between the spirulina and CHX groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that 4% spirulina gel, when delivered subgingivally can be considered a viable adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, offering a natural and potentially cost-effective alternative to traditional antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":"406-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P Hema, Shyamala Ganesan, E Ahila, S Thirumalai, S Magesh Kumar
{"title":"Effectiveness of Oral Health Education Among Visually Challenged Children using Oral and Braille - A Comparative Study.","authors":"P Hema, Shyamala Ganesan, E Ahila, S Thirumalai, S Magesh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_384_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_384_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present investigation is motivated by the fact that the incidence of visual impairment is increasing all over the world. Visually challenged people may encounter specific problems in maintaining their oral hygiene, leading to a higher risk of periodontal diseases.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This comparative study was conducted among visually challenged 5-20 year old school children. A total of 40 children were selected from two different residential schools for the visually challenged. Prior consent was obtained from the respective school authorities and the parents or guardians through the school. Oral education by oral health talk was delivered via a lecture mode in one school, and the same information in braille script was administered in the other school. The demographic data, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S) and Plaque Index (PI), was recorded before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that both modes of administering oral hygiene instructions were effective in improving the oral health status of the study subjects as shown by a reduction in the OHI-S scores. The mean reduction in the OHI-S score in the oral education group was 0.79 ± 0.22, while in the braille group, it was 0.46 ± 0.14. This difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.966). The mean reduction in Plaque Index score was 0.33 in oral education group and 0.16 in braille. This difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we found that both the methods of oral hygiene instruction were equally effective in improving the oral health status of the visually disabled children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13311,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Dental Research","volume":" ","pages":"399-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}