Indian pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of Depth of Endotracheal Tube Insertion Using Gestational Age, Body Weight or Nasal-Tragus Length in Newborns: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Abhishek Yadav, Suksham Jain, Ravinder Kaur, Deepak Chawla, Supreet Khurana, Harshit Kumar, Mahima Rajan, Hemant Gupta, Yaseer Ahmad Mir","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00136-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00136-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Optimal placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) tip is necessary for safe and effective ventilation of the lungs. However, there is no consensus on the most accurate method for calculating the depth of ET insertion. To compare the accuracy (proportion of optimally placed ETT) of nasal-tragus length (NTL)-based formula, body weight-based formula, and gestational age (GA)-based method in estimating the depth of oral ETT insertion in neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Neonates of gestational age 25^0/7-41⁺⁶ weeks undergoing oral endotracheal intubation during the first 28 days of life were randomized into one of three study groups. The depth of ETT insertion was determined using gestational age-based (Kempley), weight-based (Tochen), or NTL-based methods. The optimal position of the ETT tip, assessed by a blinded radiologist on an anteroposterior chest radiograph, was considered to be between the upper border of T1 and the lower border of T2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 165 neonates (55 per group) were included. Birth weight, gestational age, proportion of small-for-gestational age neonates, and other baseline characteristics were similar among neonates in the three groups. The rates of optimal ETT placement were not significantly different between the NTL- (47.2%), GA- (45.4%) and weight-based (43.6%) methods (P = 0.911). The corresponding rates of ETT repositioning in the NTL-, GA- and weight-based method groups based on auscultation of chest was 58%, 49% and 29%, respectively (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant difference was observed in the accuracy of the three methods studied. Better methods are needed to calculate the depth of ETT insertion.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Prospectively registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2022/12/048221).</p>","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"648-654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Impact of Kawasaki Disease in India: Projections for 2030.","authors":"Jyoti Dixit, Rakesh Kumar Pilania, Ruby Nimesh, Surjit Singh, Shankar Prinja","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00121-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00121-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that usually affects children below 5 years and has now become the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, surpassing acute rheumatic fever. Incidence data from Chandigarh, India, between 1994 and 2019 shows a monthly increase of 0.002 cases/100,000 children aged < 5 years and 0.0165 cases/100,000 children aged < 15 years. Projections for 2020-2030 suggest a sustained monthly rise of 0.0177 cases/100,000 children aged < 15 years. This trend mirrors global patterns of rising incidence of KD. This can pose significant public health challenges due to serious cardiovascular complications such as coronary artery aneurysms, myocardial ischemia, and sudden cardiac death associated with KD. Limited awareness, delayed diagnosis, and high treatment costs exacerbate the disease's clinical and economic burden. Early diagnosis and appropriate management remain critical for reducing the long-term morbidity. Predictive modelling highlights the urgency of allocating resources to address this emerging public health challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"692-698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Health Profession Education.","authors":"Avinash Supe, Chinmay Shah","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00145-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00145-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly integrating into medicine, demanding that Health Professional Education (HPE) incorporates AI literacy to prepare future clinicians. AI is driving transformative changes across all sectors. In education, it enables personalized learning and realistic, risk-free simulation training, and for healthcare, it enhances diagnostics, predicts patient outcomes, and improves care delivery. Research benefits from accelerated drug discovery and advanced data analysis, while AI-driven systems streamline administrative tasks. Despite its potential, significant challenges remain to be addressed. Critical concerns include patient data privacy, algorithmic bias that can create health disparities, and the ethical dilemma of accountability for AI errors. The \"black box\" nature of some algorithms, the risk of provider dependency leading to disuse atrophy of skills, and hurdles in technical implementation present major obstacles to effective integration. The future of HPE lies in the responsible adoption of AI. This requires developing robust curricula focused on ethical use, transparency, and navigating limitations of AI. Ultimately, AI should be leveraged as a powerful assistant to augment clinical intelligence and enable smarter workflows, not as a substitute for human judgment. Judicious use, combined with strong regulation and continuous refinement, is essential to harness full potential of AI, safely and effectively, in healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"699-702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Assamese Version of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) Tool for Early Detection of Developmental Delay and Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Murchana Khound, Jaya Shankar Kaushik, Abhishek Nath, Bipul Kumar Das, Dhrubajyoti Das, Gourav Goswami, Diksha Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00156-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00156-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate the Assamese version of the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) screening tool for developmental delay (1-72 months) and autism (15-24 months) and to assess its diagnostic accuracy in comparison with the Developmental Profile-3 (DP-3) and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)-Modified INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for autism spectrum disorder (INDT-ASD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2024 at a tertiary care hospital in India. The RBSK screening tool for developmental delay and autism was translated into Assamese through a standardized process involving forward translation, back-translation, expert review, and pilot testing (n = 10). Children aged 1-72 months were recruited from the outpatient department. Developmental delay was assessed using the Developmental Profile-3 (DP-3) and ASD in children aged 15-24 months using the AIIMS-Modified INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder (INDT-ASD) tool. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, Cohen's kappa statistic, and area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139 children with mean (SD) age 30.5 (12.2 months) were enrolled. The Assamese version of the RBSK screening tool demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 94.1% and 84.9%, respectively, for developmental delay, and 89.5% and 93.8%, respectively, for ASD. Agreement with reference tools was high (Cohen's kappa = 0.85 for DP-3, 0.83 for AIIMS-Modified INDT-ASD). The tool showed excellent discriminative performance with AUROC (95%CI) of 0.94 (0.89, 0.98) for developmental delay and 0.92 (0.85, 0.98) for ASD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The validated Assamese version of the RBSK screening tool for developmental delay and autism is an accurate screening tool in Assamese-speaking population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"686-691"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Development of a Disability Literacy Scale for Caregivers of Children with Chronic Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (DLS-C).","authors":"Urmila Dahake, Vedavati Bandyopadhyay, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Meenakshi Girish, Pradeep Deshmukh, Sofia Azad, Gayatri Devi Chinnappa, Franzina Coutinho, Chitra Shah, Asis Kumar Ghosh, M C Hamsalekha, Devika Jain, Varidmala Jain, Dinesh Saroj, Shambhavi Seth, Navamani Venkatachalapathi","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00129-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00129-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vitamin B12, Folate, and Iron Deficiency in Adolescents in the Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri District of Telangana: a Community-based Study.","authors":"Emine A Rahiman, Gomathi Ramaswamy, Rajendra Prasad Anne, Sangeetha Sampath, Patil Parag Parshuram","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00096-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00096-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the prevalence of anemia and iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency in the adolescents of Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri district of Telangana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. Prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies were calculated and analyzed for age, sex, socio-economic status, diet, menstruation, and growth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of anemia and deficiency of iron, vitamin B12 and folate was 34.1%, 29.2%, 77.4%, and 8.7%. Anemia and iron deficiency were higher in girls compared to boys (41.2% vs 20.9%,, P < 0.001; 39.5% vs 9.8%, P < 0.001) and girls in active menstruation (44.6% vs 12.1%; 42.3% vs 21.2%, P < 0.001). Anemia was more in older girls (15-19 years) compared to those aged 10-14 years (50% vs 28.9%; P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anemia is a significant health problem for older girls. Vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent in nearly three-fourths of adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"676-680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gap Analysis in Self-Directed Learning Applications in Pediatric Postgraduate Training.","authors":"Latha Ravichandran, Akshaya Thulasi Sathyanarayana","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00155-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00155-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"706-707"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Pulmonology.","authors":"Sachin Singh","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00175-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-025-00175-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusive Breastfeeding and Body Composition in Indian Infants: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Shruti Pai, Sayeeda Arshiya Farheen, Sumithra Selvam, Ramya Padmanabha, B S Chandrakala, Rebecca Kuriyan","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00116-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00116-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between exclusive breastfeeding (BF) and body composition at 3 and 6 months in infants residing in urban Southern India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy term neonates (n = 135) were recruited at birth and followed up until 6 months. Information on maternal characteristics, sociodemographic factors, and BF were recorded. Anthropometry and body composition (air displacement plethysmography) were assessed. Independent t-test was used to compare variables between groups with or without exclusive BF. The association between exclusive BF and infant body composition at 3 and 6 months were examined using general linear models adjusted for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exclusive BF rate at 3 and 6 months was 78.9% (90/114) and 22.1% (24/113), respectively. Infants who were exclusively breastfed (EBF) had higher adjusted odds of increased % fat mass (FM), [aOR (95%CI) 16.8 (1.53, 183.80), P = 0.021], FM(kg) [1.23 (1.02, 1.50), P = 0.029] and FM index [1.61 (0.99, 2.63), P = 0.057] and lower odds of % fat free mass (FFM) [0.06 (0.01, 0.67), P = 0.022] at 3 months compared to non-EBF infants. Similarly, EBF infants had higher odds of increased % FM [24.0 (1.69, 339.1), P = 0.019] and significantly lower FFM indices at 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EBF Indian infants had higher FM and lower FFM compared to non-EBF infants in early infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"655-661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A in Non-vaccinated Adolescents Aged 9 to 12 Years in New Delhi, India: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Anurag Agarwal, Shweta Sajlan, Rohit Chawla, Surendra Bahadur Mathur","doi":"10.1007/s13312-025-00090-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13312-025-00090-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A among non-vaccinated adolescents aged 9-12 years and to ascertain the sociodemographic factors associated with seropositivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among non-vaccinated adolescents aged 9-12 years from urban and semi-urban settings in New Delhi. Sera were analyzed using competitive ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against hepatitis A. Sociodemographic data were collected using a structured pro forma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 94 participants, 85 (90.4%) were seropositive for hepatitis A. Seropositivity was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status, lower parental education levels, lower parental occupation status, and low monthly household income.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite improved sanitation, lower socioeconomic groups remain highly endemic for hepatitis A. Catch-up vaccination may have limited utility in adolescents aged 10 years or older from these backgrounds. Targeted public health strategies and further evaluation of vaccination policies in specific populations are needed.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Trials Registry-India No. CTRI/2022/10/046790.Obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":13291,"journal":{"name":"Indian pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"681-685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}