Immunity, Inflammation and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Immunoglobulin G4 Smoldering Multiple Myeloma With Immunoglobulin G4-related Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Rare Case Report","authors":"Jun Long,&nbsp;Yuchen Shi,&nbsp;Xianyao Wang,&nbsp;Ying Zi,&nbsp;Rongjie Shi","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common malignant tumor of the hematological system caused by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells, characterized by the production of M proteins and CRAB symptoms. Among them, the Immunoglobulin G MM is the most common, while the IgG4-MM is extremely rare. Smoldering multiple myeloma refers to a state where there are no clinical symptoms. However, bone marrow plasma cell infiltration reaches 10%–59%, and previously, there were no reports of Immunoglobulin G4 smoldering multiple myeloma (IgG4 SMM) internationally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Case Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An over-50-year-old woman visited the hospital due to abnormal liver function. Laboratory tests showed a significant increase in serum IgG4 (24.95 g/L), and serum protein electrophoresis detected IgG-κ M protein (16.05 g/L). A liver biopsy showed IgG4 + plasma cell infiltration (11/HPF) and interface hepatitis. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed IgG4 monoclonal plasma cell proliferation. The diagnosis was IgG4-κ SMM combined with Immunoglobulin G4-related autoimmune hepatitis (IgG4-AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The patient had no typical CRAB symptoms, and no osteolytic destruction was found in imaging. So we formulated a chemotherapy regimen using Bortezomib and dexamethasone, combined with azathioprine for immunomodulation. Unfortunately, after one session of chemotherapy, the patient did not return to the hospital for further evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article explores the clinical features and diagnostic challenges of IgG4 SMM coexisting with IgG4-AIH. IgG4 type SMM needs to be identified with IgG4-RD. Clinicians should pay attention to IgG subtype detection and clonal plasma cell analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RUNX1 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker Involved in Immune Infiltration and Therapeutic Responses in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Through Cluster Regulation With RUNX2","authors":"Jingang Jian,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Hongbo Xu,&nbsp;He Wang,&nbsp;Jianquan Hou","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70242","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immunomodulation is an important factor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) carcinogenesis and the treatment outcome of ccRCC patients. Understanding of the roles of the immune-related Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family genes in ccRCC remains controversial, and the mechanisms underlying their cluster regulation and immunomodulatory effects still need to be further investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The “limma” package was used for differential gene expression analysis of TCGA and GEO data, and the “clusterProfiler” package was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of coexpressed and differentially expressed genes. The “MCPCounter” algorithm and “CIBERSORT” algorithm were used to explore the correlation between gene expression and immune cell infiltration, and prognostic models were constructed using the “rms” package.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RUNX1/2/3 showed elevated expression in ccRCC, with high expression of RUNX1/2 correlating with advanced clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis. Functional enrichment analysis and immune infiltration scores indicated that RUNX1/2 are extensively involved in the formation of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Analyses of immune checkpoint data and immunotherapy responses suggest that RUNX1 may inhibit immunotherapy effects. Multi-Cox regression models confirmed that RUNX1 can be used as an independent prognostic indicator. In addition, an efficient clinical prognostic model can be constructed based on RUNX1 combined with several clinicopathological characteristics (AUC = 0.872).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study reveals the potential value of RUNX1/2 in ccRCC development, prognosis, and immune microenvironment regulation. RUNX1 is a promising biomarker for the tumor immunotherapy response. Furthermore, the RUNX1-based prognostic model has the prospect of serving as a better predictive model for clinical ccRCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Cytokine Secretion of CD4+ T Cell in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Inhibiting HSP90AA1 in the Glucose-Activated PI3K-AKT Pathway","authors":"Lu Jin,&nbsp;Meng Ding,&nbsp;Shaoxin Cui,&nbsp;Lin Yang,&nbsp;Jingjing He,&nbsp;Xiaoping Wang,&nbsp;Fei Chang,&nbsp;Jingjing Yu,&nbsp;Yiming Yang,&nbsp;Hongtao Jin,&nbsp;Min Shi,&nbsp;Jun Ma,&nbsp;Aijing Liu","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70239","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) attenuated the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the metabolic mechanism whereby hUC-MSCs modify CD4⁺ T cell cytokine secretion in lupus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study enrolled 30 untreated lupus patients and 20 sex, age, and body mass index matched healthy controls (HCs). CD4⁺ T cells were isolated by magnetic sorting, and stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28. The hUC-MSCs treatment (MSCT) groups were coculturing hUC-MSCs to CD4⁺ T cells from moderate and severe SLE (SLE-MS) groups for 72 h at ratios of 1:25 (T1), 1:10 (T2), and 1:5 (T3). Cytokine concentration and proliferation of the CD4⁺ T cells were measured by Luminex liquid chip assay and cell counting kit-8, respectively. Glucose metabolic capacity was measured by Seahorse real-time metabolic analysis. The role of hUC-MSCs on cytokine secretion was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Glucose enzymes levels and HSP90AA1/PI3K/AKT pathway activity were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. The CD4⁺ T cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with HCs, the enhanced glycolysis and mitochondrial oxygen consumption of SLE-CD4⁺ T cells were positively associated with disease activity. Treatment with hUC-MSCs proportionally decreased glucose metabolism and proliferation of SLE-CD4⁺ T cells. The hUC-MSCs treatment significantly diminished supernatant concentrations of interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17 in SLE-MS group, as well as inhibited HSP90AA1 in the glucose-activated PI3K-AKT pathway. In animal experiment, the systemic administration of hUC-MSCs and inhibition of HSP90AA1 resulted in a reduction of glucose metabolites, enzymes, pro-inflammatory factor levels, and HSP90AA1<i>/</i>PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hUC-MSCs treatment inhibited overactive glucose metabolism of SLE-CD4⁺ T cells. HSP90AA1 in the PI3K-AKT pathway induced by the glucose metabolism may be involved in the anti-inflammatory function of hUC-MSCs treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Animal Model of Liuzijue Based on Kinematic Features Exploration: A Pilot Study Conducting in COPD","authors":"Jian Li,&nbsp;Xiang Ji,&nbsp;Kangxia Li,&nbsp;Min Cao,&nbsp;Yuxin Sun,&nbsp;Chengbing Cao,&nbsp;Zifei Yin,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Fanfu Fang,&nbsp;Cai-tao Chen,&nbsp;Wei Gu","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liuzijue is an essential nonpharmacological intervention within the comprehensive management strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, the absence of an animal model for Liuzijue presents methodological limitations in its basic research. This study aimed to apply interventions with kinematic characteristics of Liuzijue to COPD mice, with the objective to explore an animal model of Liuzijue suitable for experimental studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice randomly assigned into six groups to receive interventions mimicking Liuzijue's kinematic features, namely aerobic exercise, pursed-lip breathing and abdominal breathing. Post-intervention, respiratory function, diaphragmatic contractility, and rectus abdominis thickness were assessed. Histological structures of lung tissue, diaphragm, and rectus abdominis were observed using H&amp;E staining. Expression levels of IL-10, INF-γ, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and p65, CasP3, MuRF1, MyoD1, IGF-1, and Hspa5 in the diaphragm and rectus abdominis were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The modeling process impaired respiratory function and diaphragmatic contractility in mice. All four stimulation forms effectively improved pulmonary and diaphragmatic function in COPD mice. The thickness of the rectus abdominis was increased by three specified exercise forms. Despite minimal lung tissue structural changes, swimming and abdominal stimulation improved the structure of the rectus abdominis in COPD mice and airway inflammation levels were inhibited. Lastly, the four stimulations regulated the balance of myoprotein synthesis and degradation in the diaphragm and rectus abdominis, although the intervention effects of the four stimulations did not escalate with the complexity of the methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The exercise stimulation paradigms established by simulating the kinematic characteristics of Liuzijue possess the therapeutic effects of Liuzijue in improving respiratory function, demonstrating first evidence that kinematic-based animal models can bridge traditional Qigong and modern mechanism research. However, the development of an animal model for the application of Liuzijue in basic research still warrants further exploration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Lifestyle and Climate-Driven Environmental Exposures: Immunological Consequences for Pediatric Respiratory Allergies","authors":"Zahra Kanannejad,&nbsp;Walter Robert Taylor,&nbsp;Milad Mohkam,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Ghatee","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pediatric respiratory allergic diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, are increasingly recognized as significant global health concerns, with rising prevalence rates linked to environmental changes driven by urbanization and climate change. This review explores the impact of climatic factors such as temperature fluctuations, shifting precipitation patterns, and dust storms on air pollution and its consequences on respiratory allergic diseases in children. Evidence suggests these environmental exposures increase allergen loads and profoundly influence immune system function. Air pollutants and airborne allergens promote Type 2 helper T-cell (Th2)-skewed responses, leading to elevated IgE production, eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperreactivity. Additionally, epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by oxidative stress triggers the release of alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-33 (IL-33), and IL-25, that activate innate lymphoid cells, and amplify allergic sensitization. Long-term exposure to pollutants also disrupts immune tolerance by impairing regulatory T-cell (Treg) activity and promoting persistent airway inflammation. This review highlights how these immunological pathways contribute to the severity and chronicity of allergic diseases in pediatric populations, with special attention to studies conducted in regions prone to dust storms. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted public health strategies, improving air quality, and mitigating the health impacts of climate change on children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Atmospheric Plasma in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects","authors":"Zhenyu Li,&nbsp;Minglong Cai,&nbsp;Zhu Chen","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are characterized by an aberrant immune responses that leads to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Traditional treatments, such as immunosuppressive drugs, only provide symptomatic relief and often cause significant side effects. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a form of nonthermal plasma, has emerged as a potential therapeutic tool, offering antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to explore the mechanisms of CAP, its application in autoimmune diseases, and its potential to improve existing treatments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The review synthesizes recent studies investigating the biological effects of CAP, particularly its interaction with immune cells. Key mechanisms discussed include the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which modulate immune responses, promote wound healing, and target pathogenic cells. The therapeutic potential of CAP in treating autoimmune diseases, such as RA, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, and vitiligo is examined through current research findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies have demonstrated that CAP can modulate fibroblast-like synoviocytes in RA, reducing their viability and inducing apoptosis. In skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, CAP has been shown to alleviate symptoms and reduce microbial load by altering the skin microbiome. In psoriasis, CAP suppresses Th17 cell differentiation and reduces keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Additionally, CAP enhances wound healing by promoting macrophage M2 polarization and collagen remodeling. Despite promising results, concerns remain about the long-term safety of CAP, particularly regarding the accumulation of ROS/RNS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CAP offers a novel approach for treating autoimmune diseases by modulating immune responses, enhancing drug efficacy, and promoting tissue repair. Its ability to selectively target pathogenic cells and its antimicrobial properties make it a promising therapeutic tool in autoimmune diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Features of Central Nervous System Complications Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant","authors":"Tingting Li,&nbsp;Zhirong Deng,&nbsp;Qinfu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoying Qi,&nbsp;Wei Deng,&nbsp;Zunge Wu,&nbsp;Chuli Xiao,&nbsp;Weiqiang Zheng,&nbsp;Chuanghong Ke,&nbsp;Huanqin Han","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70247","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated clinical characteristics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) features of central nervous system (CNS) complications in adults caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively examined adult patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), with or without CNS complications, hospitalized in China from December 2022 to August 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-five patients with CNS complications (9 severe, 16 non-severe) and 50 patients without CNS complications were examined. The percentage of patients with severe/critical COVID-19 was relatively higher in the CNS complications group (24% [6/25] vs. 12% [6/50]). Procalcitonin and creatine kinase levels, and leukocyte and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in patients with CNS complications. Having severe CNS complications was associated with older age, comorbidities, and elevated creatine kinase and <span>d</span>-dimer levels. Among 22 patients with CNS complications who underwent CSF testing, 10 (45%) had abnormal CSF cytology or biochemistry—including 9 (41%) with elevated protein levels—and 2 (9%) had increased white blood cell counts. Among the CSF samples tested, 2 (12%) and 3 (18%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and autoantibodies respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Older age, comorbidities, and elevated serum creatine kinase and <span>d</span>-dimer levels were risk factors for severe CNS complications in adult patients with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in the CSF of most patients with CNS complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Autoimmune Research: The Role of Caveolin-1.","authors":"Yanan Gao, Liangyu Mi, Yingren Deng, Zhaojun Jia, Miaomiao Zhao, Yuting Hu, Yuli Ji, Xiaoyao He, Ke Xu","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70230","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Caveolins (Cav) include Cav-1, Cav-2, and Cav-3, with Cav-1 being the most studied due to its prominent role as a major component of plasma membrane caveolae. Cav-1 is involved in a wide range of cellular functions and plays a key role in regulating signaling pathways related to immune responses and inflammation. Recently, research on Cav-1 in autoimmune diseases (AIDs) has garnered significant interest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper provides an overview of the research on Cav-1's involvement in AIDs, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, systemic sclerosis, connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, autoimmune disorders of the nervous system, autoimmune uveitis, autoimmune thyroid disease, and autoimmune myocarditis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cav-1 plays a critical role in various AIDs, acting as a key protein in inflammatory and immune cells. It regulates multiple signaling processes by controlling the translocation of signaling molecules and modulating various pathways. Cav-1 is increasingly recognized as a biomarker in certain AIDs and may become pivotal in treating these diseases in the future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cav-1 is a crucial player in the pathogenesis of many AIDs and has the potential to serve as both a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for these diseases. As research into Cav-1 deepens, it may offer new insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and drug sensitivity of AIDs, emerging as a promising target for future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":"e70230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignancies Presenting With ANCA Positivity: Two Case Reports and Diagnostic Considerations.","authors":"Min Zhao, Yue Lu, Ling Li","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70238","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are small-vessel inflammatory disorders characterized by the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), including those against proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). ANCA positivity is not exclusive to vasculitis and may also occur in the context of malignancies or infections, leading to diagnostic confusion. In this report, we present two cases of malignancy with ANCA positivity.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The first case involved a 42-year-old male with nasopharyngeal symptoms, hearing loss, and proteinuria. Laboratory findings revealed elevated PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA levels, and a diagnosis of AAV was initially made. Despite immunosuppressive treatment, the patient developed persistent fever and rapid clinical deterioration. A subsequent bone marrow biopsy confirmed lymphoma with bone marrow infiltration. The second case presented with abdominal pain and retroperitoneal fibrosis. PET-CT imaging identified multifocal soft tissue masses in the lacrimal glands, nasopharynx, retroperitoneum, thoracic-lumbar vertebrae, and rib region. Histopathological analysis confirmed an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These cases highlight the potential for tumors to mimic AAV both clinically and serologically. They emphasize the importance of a careful differential diagnosis in patients with ANCA positivity, particularly when clinical progression is atypical or treatment response is suboptimal. The pathophysiological relationship between tumors and AAV remains unclear, but may involve common mechanisms such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation and autoantigen presentation of PR3 and MPO. Further studies are needed to elucidate these links and improve diagnostic accuracy in such complex presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":"e70238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver X Receptor Activation Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes by Inhibiting NF-κB-NLRP3 Activation.","authors":"Chuanwei Jiang, Wenzhou Ding, Yuanchang Hu, Chao Yang","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70243","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hyperglycemia has been reported to be a crucial factor that aggravates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Macrophage-mediated inflammatory injury is vital to liver IRI. A positive effect of Liver X receptor (LXR) on diabetes has been proven; however, the function and mechanism of LXR in diabetic liver IRI remain unclear. Accordingly, our study concentrates on the mechanism underly.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg)-treated diabetic mice were used to establish a liver IRI model. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used in studying the role of macrophage inflammation in diabetic liver. GW3965 hydrochloride was used to activate LXR in vivo and in vitro. QD394, a lipid peroxidation agonist, was used to verify the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hyperglycemia exacerbates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by promoting hepatic cell death and inflammation in vivo. In diabetic livers, the expression of liver X receptors (LXRs) is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the ischemia-reperfusion process itself further decreases LXR levels. Application of the LXR agonist GW3965 mitigates macrophage lipid peroxidation and inflammasome NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3) inflammasome activation in vitro, thereby protecting the liver from severe IRI. The results were further confirmed by the rescue experiments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LXRs play an important role in diabetic liver IRI and macrophage-associated inflammation. Pharmacologic activation of LXRs alleviates macrophage inflammatory activation in diabetic liver IRI, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-related liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 8","pages":"e70243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144798944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}