Immunity, Inflammation and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Jian Pi Hua Tan Fang Reverses Trastuzumab Resistance of HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway: Integrating Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Validation","authors":"Jia Hu,&nbsp;Wenjing Bu,&nbsp;Yongfang Ding,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Shen,&nbsp;Cong Wu,&nbsp;Youqi Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Currently, trastuzumab resistance significantly impacts the treatment outcome for individuals with HER2-positive gastric cancer. In clinical practice, Jian Pi Hua Tan Fang (JPHTF) has been shown to be effective in preventing recurrences and metastases caused by gastric cancer. Yet, the treatment process remains unknown. We aim to evaluate the potential pharmacological mechanism of JPHTF in interfering with resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to forecast the potential active ingredients, pathways, and targets of JPHTF in overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive GC. Then, in vitro models of NCI-N87/TR was developed, and JPHTF-containing serum was utilized for intervention to confirm these crucial targets.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Network pharmacology showed that 92 potential active compounds and 420 therapeutic targets of JPHTF. SRC, EGFR, TP53, and AKT1 were identified as the main targets associated with the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Ras pathways, playing crucial roles in angiogenesis, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy in the GC microenvironment. Molecular docking analysis showed that quercetin, formononetin, and luteolin, which are the main active ingredients, exhibit high binding affinity to the central targets PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. In vitro experiment, the JPHTF-containing serum has a significant alleviating effect on reversing trastuzumab resistance and cell apoptotic and proliferation of NCI-N87/TR. Further molecular biological experiments showed that JPHTF could regulate the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>JPHTF has the ability to overcome trastuzumab resistance in NCI-N87 cells through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of miRNAs in Apoptosis Pathways of Immune Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","authors":"Amin Azizan,&nbsp;Elham Farhadi,&nbsp;Seyedeh Tahereh Faezi,&nbsp;Ahmadreza Jamshidi,&nbsp;Majid Alikhani,&nbsp;Mahdi Mahmoudi","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated immune responses and multi-organ involvement. Dysregulation of apoptosis, a key process for maintaining immune homeostasis, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, have emerged as important modulators of apoptosis in immune cells, influencing the balance between immune tolerance and autoimmunity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent advancements in understanding the roles of miRNAs in apoptosis regulation within immune cells in SLE, highlighting their therapeutic potential for restoring immune balance and mitigating disease progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aberrant expression of specific miRNAs contributes to the dysregulation of apoptosis in SLE immune cells. Pro-apoptotic miRNAs, such as miR-125b and miR-150, are often downregulated, leading to enhanced survival of autoreactive immune cells. Conversely, anti-apoptotic miRNAs, including miR-21, are upregulated, further disrupting the delicate balance of immune cell apoptosis. Dual-function miRNAs, such as miR-155, exhibit context-dependent roles based on cellular environments and target gene interactions. This dysregulation promotes the persistence of autoreactive immune cells and the development of autoimmunity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>miRNAs play critical roles in modulating apoptosis pathways, making them promising therapeutic targets for SLE. Restoring the balance of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic miRNAs could help reinstate immune tolerance and reduce tissue damage. Future research should focus on elucidating miRNA targetomes, improving delivery systems, and addressing off-target effects to fully harness their therapeutic potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Golgi Protein 73 in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure","authors":"Zheng-ju Xu,&nbsp;Tao Xu,&nbsp;Qiao-xia Ye,&nbsp;Yong-fei Li,&nbsp;Tian-huang Yang,&nbsp;Xiao-man Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Lin,&nbsp;Hui-guo Liu,&nbsp;Zhi-jie Huang,&nbsp;Jian-kun Shen","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prognosis and severity of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) cannot be well-identified by serum biomarkers. The present study aims to determine the role of serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) in predicting the prognosis and severity of liver necrotizing inflammation induced by HBV-ACLF.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 427 chronic HBV-infected patients were included for the present study. Among these patients, 179 patients had chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 96 patients had HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC), and 152 patients had HBV-ACLF. The baseline and dynamic changes in serum GP73 levels were measured and compared in CHB, LC and HBV-ACLF patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The serum GP73 levels were significantly greater in HBV-ACLF patients when compared to CHB and LC patients. Furthermore, serum GP73 demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing HBV-ACLF from CHB and LC, with an area under the curve of 0.969 and 0.824, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, a high GP73 level was identified as an independent risk factor associated with death within 3 months, and the optimal cut-off level was 274.59 ng/mL. The serum GP73 levels significantly decreased and remained stable at approximately 6 months for survivors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum GP73 may serve as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of HBV-ACLF patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis of the Myocardium in a Mouse Model of Acute Viral Myocarditis","authors":"Yimin Xue,&nbsp;Jiuyun Zhang,&nbsp;Mingguang Chen,&nbsp;Qiaolian Fan,&nbsp;Tingfeng Huang,&nbsp;Jun Ke,&nbsp;Feng Chen","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is a common inflammatory disease affecting the myocardium and is often accompanied by severe metabolic disturbances. The molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are complex and not yet fully understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced AVMC mouse models were established. By integrating ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics and data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based proteomics, we aimed to investigate the global influence of CVB3 infection on the myocardial metabolome and proteome in mice. Based on the criterion of OPLS-DA VIP &gt; 1.0 and <i>p</i> value &lt; 0.05, a total of 149 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified, including 64 upregulated and 85 downregulated metabolites. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these DMs were mostly enriched in Global and overview maps (Metabolic pathways), Energy metabolism (Sulfur metabolism and Nitrogen metabolism), Amino acid metabolism (Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, Lysine degradation, and Arginine and proline metabolism), and Carbohydrate metabolism (Propanoate metabolism). Differential analysis also identified 1385 differential proteins (DPs) between the two groups (|Fold Change| &gt;1.5 and <i>p</i> value &lt; 0.05), including 1092 upregulated and 293 downregulated proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DPs indicated that metabolism-related pathways were significant components of the AVMC process. Next, we mined many DPs engaged in the above metabolic pathways through an integrated analysis of KEGG pathway-based metabolomics and proteomics data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis revealed characteristic alterations in metabolites and proteins in the myocardium of AVMC, as well as the associations between them. This not only extends the existing understanding of the molecular basis of the pathogenesis and progression of AVMC but also suggests new directions for its treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights Into Enterovirus D68 Immunology: Unraveling the Mysteries of Host-Pathogen Interactions","authors":"Asif Naeem,&nbsp;Muhammad Bashir Bello,&nbsp;Mohammad Bosaeed","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has emerged as a significant respiratory and neurological pathogen, particularly affecting children with severe respiratory illnesses and acute flaccid myelitis. Understanding the interaction between EV-D68 and the host immune system is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review aims to examine the immune response to EV-D68, its mechanisms of immune evasion, and the current progress in vaccine and antiviral development while identifying gaps in knowledge and future research directions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the innate and adaptive immune responses to EV-D68, its strategies for immune evasion, and advancements in therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pattern recognition receptors detect EV-D68 and trigger antiviral defenses, including interferon production and activation of natural killer cells. B cells generate antibodies, while T cells coordinate a targeted response to the virus. EV-D68 employs mechanisms such as antigenic variation and disruption of host antiviral pathways to evade immune detection. Progress in vaccine and antiviral research shows promise but remains in the early stages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EV-D68 represents a complex and evolving public health challenge. Although the immune system mounts a robust response, the virus's ability to evade these defenses complicates efforts to control it. Continued research is essential to develop effective vaccines and antivirals and to address gaps in understanding its pathogenesis and immune interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multidisciplinary approach is critical to improving diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for EV-D68, ensuring better preparedness for future outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiphospholipid Antibodies and COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Clinical Implications","authors":"Tahereh Sabaghian,&nbsp;Amir Behnam Kharazmi,&nbsp;Fatemeh Omidi,&nbsp;Bahareh Hajikhani,&nbsp;Shabnam Tehrani,&nbsp;Sayna Mardani,&nbsp;Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar,&nbsp;Rosella Centis,&nbsp;Lia D'Ambrosio,&nbsp;Giovanni Sotgiu,&nbsp;Angeli Fabio,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Nasiri,&nbsp;Giovanni Battista Migliori","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70134","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the COVID-19 pandemic transitions, understanding the intricate dynamics of the disease becomes paramount. This systematic review explores the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19, focusing on their potential clinical implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, assesses studies exploring the link between antiphospholipid antibodies and COVID-19. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies published up to December 22, 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised studies involving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and reporting on the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our Study includes 59 records involving a total of 28,489 COVID-19 patients. Antiphospholipid antibodies were tested in 14,498 COVID-19 patients. It was observed that 50.84% of patients tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies. Various types of antiphospholipid antibodies, including Anticardiolipin, Anti beta2 glycoproteins, and Lupus anticoagulant antibody, displayed prevalence rates in the patients with thrombosis. The overall frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in thrombosis patients was 38.55%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients underscores the need for a detailed investigation into their role in thrombotic events. Our study highlights potential avenues for targeted interventions. However, the evolving nature of COVID-19 necessitates continued research efforts to clarify clinical implications and optimize management strategies in this complex landscape of thrombosis and immunology. The review reveals some limitations, such as variability in study designs and demographics and inherent differences in methodologies among included studies. Future studies should address these limitations with standardized methodologies for more conclusive findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Immunomodulatory Role of Estrogen in Malaria: A Review of Sex Differences and Therapeutic Implications","authors":"Ye Wu,&nbsp;Ying-Chun Chen,&nbsp;Fang-Fang Liu,&nbsp;Ke Li","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, with substantial mortality rates, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. A notable sexual dimorphism exists in malaria, with males often experiencing higher infection and mortality rates compared to females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review explores the role of estrogen in modulating immune responses to malaria, potentially explaining the observed sex differences. Estrogen, through its receptors, influences immune cell activation and cytokine production, which are critical in the immune response to malaria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we analyzed sex differences in malaria burden in Central Sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2021, revealing a significantly lower mortality burden for females compared to males. Epidemiological data and animal model results support the notion that estrogen plays a significant role in modulating immune responses to malaria. Estrogen receptors are widely expressed in immune cells, and estrogen can influence the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of these cells, thereby affecting cytokine production and immune response type. Additionally, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) show potential as therapeutic agents, with some studies demonstrating their efficacy in reducing parasitemia and improving malaria outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the sex differences in the pathogenesis of malaria is crucial for its prevention, treatment, and vaccine development. Estrogen's role in immune regulation highlights the need for sex-specific approaches in disease management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/iid3.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Immune Response Upon Injury in Diabetic Wounds Impedes Healing","authors":"Priyanka Dhanraj,&nbsp;Kiara Boodhoo,&nbsp;Mari van de Vyver","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic wounds are a severe complication of diabetes. Dysregulated inflammatory signalling is thought to underly the poor healing outcomes. Yet, there is little information available on the acute response following injury and its impact on healing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a murine full thickness excisional wound model, the current study therefore assessed the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators during the early stages post injury in acute and diabetic wounds and compared the timeframe for transitioning through the phases of healing. Tissue eicosanoid (LTB4, PGE2, TxA2, MaR1, RvE1, RvD1, PD) and MMP-9 levels were assessed at 6 h post wounding using ELISAs. Wound closure, healing dynamics (histology), cellular infiltration and MPO, TNF-α expression (IHC) were assessed at 6 h, day2, day7 post wounding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eicosanoid expression did not differ between groups (LTB4 24–125 pg/mL, PGE2 63–177 pg/mL, TxA2 529–1184 pg/mL, MaR1 365–2052 pg/mL, RvE1 43–1157 pg/mL, RvD1 1.5–69 pg/mL, PD1 11.5–4.9 ng/mL). An inverse relationship (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) between MMP-9 and eicosanoids were however only evident in acute and not in diabetic wounds. Diminished cellular infiltration (x5 fold) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in diabetic wounds coincided with a significant delay in the expression of TNF-α (pro-inflammatory cytokine) and MPO (neutrophil marker). A significant difference in the expression of TNF-α (C 1.8 ± 0.6; DM 0.7 ± 0.1 MFI) and MPO (C 4.9 ± 1.9; DM 0.9 ± 0.4 MFI) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) was observed as early as 6 h post wounding, with histology parameters supporting the notion that the onset of the acute inflammatory response is delayed in diabetic wounds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These observations imply that the immune cells are unresponsive to the initial eicosanoid expression in the diabetic wound tissue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perspective on Lung Cancer and Lung Microbiome: Insight on Immunity","authors":"Reza Emadi,&nbsp;Sasan Saki,&nbsp;Parastoo Yousefi,&nbsp;Alireza Tabibzadeh","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the carcinogenic potential of microbes has long been recognized, their significance may have been underestimated. Currently, the connection between microbiota and cancer is under extensive research. The lung microbiota may serve as a proxy for the state of lung health based on its crucial role in preserving lung hemostasis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review tried to outline the state of our understanding of the contribution of lung microbiome and lung cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases for recent research focusing on the development and possible pathogenesis of lung microbiome and lung cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early research on lung cancer indicated that dysbiosis significantly impacted the development and spread of the tumor. As a result of these findings, the study of the lung microbiota as a possible therapeutic target and diagnostic marker has accelerated. Early-stage disease diagnostic biomarkers could be represented as microbiota profiles. Additionally, the microbiome is involved in anticancer therapy. There are limited studies on lung microbiota, and most microbiome studies commonly concentrate on the gut microbiota. A proper understanding of lung microbiota can have several potential therapeutic approaches. Therefore, more studies in this field may initiate remarkable advancements in microbiome-dependent treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Convincing data from studies on both humans and animals indicates that the microbiota might play a role in cancer initiation, influenced by internal and environmental factors of the host. Notably, the lung harbors its microbiome, as do lung cancers. In general view, it seems microbiome diversity in lung cancer patients is reduced. Meanwhile, some genera were increased in lung cancer patients in comparison with a noncancerous population (such as <i>Streptococcus</i> genus), and some of them were decreased (<i>Granulicatella adiacens</i>, <i>G. adiacens</i>). Furthermore, research on the microbiome-carcinogenesis relationship is still in its infancy, and much remains to be fully understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progranulin Plays a Protective Role in Pneumococcal Meningitis by Inhibiting Pyroptosis","authors":"Jingyao Wang,&nbsp;Lihua Kang,&nbsp;Wenlong Xu,&nbsp;Jiangming Xiao,&nbsp;Yajun Min,&nbsp;Sijie Li,&nbsp;Changlong Zhou,&nbsp;Yibing Yin,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhang,&nbsp;Qun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/iid3.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/iid3.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pneumococcal meningitis is a serious infectious disease with a high mortality rate and a global presence, and survivors have different degrees of neurological sequelae as a consequence of the host response to the infection. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional autocrine growth factor that is also a major immunoregulator. We want to investigate the role for PGRN in Pneumococcal meningitis in vivo and in vitro.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mouse and cell models were established to explore the protective effect and mechanism of PGRN against pneumococcal meningitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Progranulin plays a protective role in pneumococcal meningitis by inhibiting pyroptosis. Pyroptosis resulted from exposure of BV-2 cells to the bacterium and this was confirmed in the in vivo model. Administration of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 to mice prior to infection inhibited pyroptosis and protected PGRN -/- mice and BV-2 cell model from meningitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study implicates a protective role for PGRN in pneumococcal meningitis by inhibiting pyroptosis, indicating that PGRN may have therapeutic potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13289,"journal":{"name":"Immunity, Inflammation and Disease","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}