Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Iranian Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic

IF 2.7 4区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI:10.1002/iid3.70275

Ali Nateghi, Morvarid Hamrahjoo, Mohammad Yasaghi, Mahnaz Ramzali, Saeed Samadizadeh, Fatemeh Fotouhi, Vahid Salimi, Lobat Shahkar, Britt Nakstad, Alireza Tahamtan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a significant global health concern, especially in children under five, causing approximately 4.3 million annual deaths. ARIs are mainly caused by respiratory viruses. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has altered the circulation of respiratory viruses. This study investigates the epidemiology and clinical features of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gorgan, Iran.

Methods

A total of 264 nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from hospitalized children between October 2021 to March 2022 at Taleghani Children's Hospital, Gorgan, Iran. The frequency of various respiratory viruses, including human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV1-4), influenza viruses A and B (FLU-A, B), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected using a SYBR green-based real-time PCR assay.

Results

Out of the 264 hospitalized children, 88.2% (233) tested positive for at least one respiratory virus, with 60.2% (159) showing co-infections and 28% (74) having single infections. The most frequently detected were HRV (56.4%), HMPV (53%), and RSV (18.2%). The proportions of HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, HPIV-4, FLU-A, FLU-B, and SARS-CoV-2 were 8.7%, 12.9%, 8%, 7.6%, 1.9%, 0%, and 15.2%, respectively. There was a clear association between specific viruses and some clinical symptoms, such as RSV with pneumonia, and HPIV-1 with cyanosis. Co-infections were linked to severe outcomes, including pneumonia and seizures. Among all 264 patients, 5 died, and 3 of them had underlying diseases. All fatal cases tested positive for at least one virus, with HMPV being the most frequently detected.

Conclusions

This study highlights the considerable impact of ARIs among children under five in Golestan Province, Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings underscore the importance of early detection and ongoing surveillance, particularly in high-risk pediatric populations and across diverse geographic areas.

Abstract Image

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COVID-19大流行期间住院伊朗儿童呼吸道病毒的流行病学和临床特征

背景：急性呼吸道感染（ARIs）是一个重大的全球健康问题，特别是在五岁以下儿童中，每年造成约430万人死亡。急性呼吸道感染主要由呼吸道病毒引起。2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）改变了呼吸道病毒的循环。本研究调查了伊朗戈尔根市COVID-19大流行期间住院儿童呼吸道病毒的流行病学和临床特征。方法：从2021年10月至2022年3月在伊朗戈尔根的Taleghani儿童医院住院的儿童中采集鼻咽拭子样本264份。采用SYBR绿色实时荧光定量PCR法检测各种呼吸道病毒的频率，包括人副流感病毒（HPIV1-4）、流感病毒A和流感病毒B （FLU-A， B）、人偏肺病毒（HMPV）、人鼻病毒（HRV）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）和严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）。结果：在264名住院儿童中，88.2%（233名）至少对一种呼吸道病毒检测呈阳性，其中60.2%（159名）为合并感染，28%（74名）为单一感染。最常见的是HRV（56.4%）、HMPV（53%）和RSV（18.2%）。HPIV-1、HPIV-2、HPIV-3、HPIV-4、流感- a、流感- b和SARS-CoV-2的比例分别为8.7%、12.9%、8%、7.6%、1.9%、0%和15.2%。特定病毒与某些临床症状之间存在明确的关联，例如RSV与肺炎，HPIV-1与紫绀。合并感染与严重后果有关，包括肺炎和癫痫发作。264例患者中5例死亡，3例有基础疾病。所有死亡病例至少对一种病毒检测呈阳性，其中HMPV是最常检测到的。结论：本研究强调了在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，急性呼吸道感染对伊朗戈列斯坦省五岁以下儿童的重大影响。研究结果强调了早期发现和持续监测的重要性，特别是在高危儿科人群和不同地理区域。

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来源期刊

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Medicine-Immunology and Allergy

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

146

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： Immunity, Inflammation and Disease is a peer-reviewed, open access, interdisciplinary journal providing rapid publication of research across the broad field of immunology. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease gives rapid consideration to papers in all areas of clinical and basic research. The journal is indexed in Medline and the Science Citation Index Expanded (part of Web of Science), among others. It welcomes original work that enhances the understanding of immunology in areas including: • cellular and molecular immunology • clinical immunology • allergy • immunochemistry • immunogenetics • immune signalling • immune development • imaging • mathematical modelling • autoimmunity • transplantation immunology • cancer immunology