IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience最新文献

{"title":"Anchoring MoO3 on Magnetic Nickel Ferrite: A Sustainable Green Nanocatalyst in Conjunction With UV Light Irradiation Toward Efficient Degradation of Penicillin G in Water Environments","authors":"E. Derakhshani;A. Naghizadeh","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3636022","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3636022","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic decomposition has attracted much attention due to its great potential in removing antibiotics from aqueous solutions. The aim of this study is to evaluate photocatalytic degradation for the destruction of the antibiotic penicillin G, which is widely used in human and veterinary medicine, in aqueous solutions. This study utilized a NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite, synthesized via a green method using Pulicaria Gnaphalodes extract, for the photocatalytic degradation of penicillin G in aqueous solutions. Analysis of XRD, FT-IR, FESEM, VSM, DLS, and EDX-mapping confirmed successful synthesis of the nanocomposite with a size below 100 nm. Various parameters such as pH, catalyst dosage, penicillin G concentration, and contact time were optimized to enhance the efficiency of the NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite in removing penicillin G. About 68% of penicillin G was decomposed under optimal conditions (pH = 9, nanocomposite dose: 0.8 g/L and penicillin G concentration: 10 mg/L). The results suggest that the photocatalytic process using the NiFe₂O₄@MoO₃ nanocomposite is a promising method for the removal of penicillin G antibiotics from water.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145603600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold Nanoparticle Coating Reduces Acoustic Pressure Threshold for Perfluorohexane Nanodroplet Vaporization: Potential Mechanisms and Therapy Implications","authors":"Nishita Mistry;Ruchika Dhawan;Manu K. S.;Himanshu Shekhar;Karla P. Mercado-Shekhar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3644373","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3644373","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound-induced vaporization of perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets can be used for triggered drug delivery. Nanodroplets of perfluorobutane (PFB) and perfluoropentane (PFP) can vaporize spontaneously at physiological temperature, which can cause off-target effects. Using high-boiling-point PFCs, such as perfluorohexane (PFH), can overcome this limitation. However, PFH requires higher peak negative pressures for vaporization, making its <italic>in vivo</i> use challenging. We investigated the feasibility of reducing the vaporization pressure threshold by gold-coating lipid-encapsulated PFH nanodroplets (Au-PFH-ND). We synthesized PFH nanodroplets, and the gold-coating was confirmed by UV-visible spectra. The mass of gold per nanodroplet was <inline-formula> <tex-math>${5}.{12}times {10}^{-{4}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pg. The size distribution peaked at 200 nm and had a mean concentration of <inline-formula> <tex-math>${2}times {10}^{{10}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> droplets/ml. Au-PFH-ND demonstrated excellent stability over 8 weeks. Ultrasound imaging <italic>in vitro</i> was used to determine the pressure threshold for nanodroplet vaporization upon exposure to 2 MHz ultrasound. The vaporization threshold for Au-PFH-ND (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.29~pm ~0.93$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa) was significantly lower than uncoated PFH nanodroplets (PFH-ND, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.19~pm ~1.25$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa). Au-PFH-ND had a similar pressure threshold to uncoated PFP nanodroplets (PFP-ND, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.81~pm ~1.08$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MPa). These findings show that the Au-PFH-ND can be vaporized at a similar ultrasound pressure as PFP-ND. Increasing pulse duration from 2 to 60 cycles enhanced vaporization of Au-PFH-ND, demonstrating the dominant role of a thermal mechanism. Even when accounting for the total ultrasound on-time and effective peak negative pressure, longer bursts (i.e., more cycles per burst) were more effective in inducing vaporization, consistent with the role of localized heating around the gold coating rather than a purely probabilistic effect. Additionally, inertial and stable cavitation emissions were quantified. Au-PFH-ND exhibited a marginally lower inertial cavitation threshold and similar second harmonic emissions than PFH-ND, suggesting that cavitation could also have played a role in reducing the pressure threshold. These findings are a step towards employing gold-coated PFC nanodroplets for multimodal drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"222-231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEMT-Based Wearable Biosensors for Noninvasive Health Monitoring and AI-Driven Diagnostics: A Review","authors":"Chumki Das;Kaushik Mazumdar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3639676","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3639676","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable biosensors based on high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology are revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real-time, noninvasive monitoring of physiological parameters via biochemical markers present in biofluids like sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid. The exceptional properties of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, such as high sensitivity, excellent biocompatibility, and superior thermal resilience, make them perfect for flexible, skin-friendly wearable sensor devices. Advancements in electrochemical sensing technologies have noticeably enhanced the ability to detect various biomarkers, such as metabolites, bacteria, and hormones. These innovations are further enhanced by integrating microfluidic systems, flexible materials, and miniaturized components, which increase the comfort and efficiency of wearable devices. Clinical implementation and large-scale analyses are necessary to establish the capability and stability of these devices. The expanding reach of artificial intelligence (AI) is boosting the adoption of wearable biosensors, enabling data transmission through wireless communication technologies. AI is increasingly being used to analyze physiological data, providing users with personalized health insights. This paper reviews the recent advancements in wearable biosensor technology, providing its potential to enhance personalized healthcare and addressing current challenges of these devices that hinder their wider adoption and practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"150-159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrosis-Dominated Killing of Melanoma Cells by Microsecond Pulsed Magnetic Fields and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Cytoskeletal and Membrane Damage","authors":"Wei Zheng;Mengnan Zhang;Chi Ma;Yan Mi","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3641190","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3641190","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetomechanical therapy (MMT), an emerging and promising physical modality for cancer treatment, holds significant potential in oncology. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic effects and the specific cellular targets involved, particularly in the context of pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs), remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of microsecond pulsed magnetic fields (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> s-PMFs) combined with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in A375 melanoma cells. Cell apoptosis and necrosis were quantified using YO-PRO-1/propidium iodide (PI) double staining to evaluate both treatment effectiveness and the predominant mode of cell death. In addition, fluorescent labeling of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane, and lysosomes with specific fluorophores was performed to identify the primary cellular structures affected by magnetic forces during treatment. The results demonstrated that MMT significantly reduced A375 cell viability, achieving an overall cell death rate of 61.16%. Notably, necrosis was identified as the predominant mode of cell death, accounting for 52.38% of total cell mortality. Furthermore, the cell membrane, cytoskeleton, and lysosomes were determined to be major cellular targets of magnetomechanical disruption. These findings provide critical insights into the cellular mechanisms of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> s-PMF induced MMT and support its continued development toward clinical translation as a novel anti-tumor strategy.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145708110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3662952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3662952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11472786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Relaxation-Based Bio-Sensing Performance of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy","authors":"Hafiz Ashfaq Ahmad;Jungwon Yoon","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3640088","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3640088","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) is a highly sensitive, label-free technique for detecting biomolecular interactions through the nonlinear magnetization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This study presents a comparative performance evaluation of four commercial carboxyl-functionalized MNPs as: Synomag®, Perimag®, Resovist®, and SHP-30 (Ocean NanoTech), to assess their biosensing suitability using MPS. Measurements at 5, 15, and 25 kHz in water, glycerol, and agarose characterized medium- and frequency-dependent relaxation: SHP-30 exhibited predominantly Brownian relaxation with the highest sensitivity to hydrodynamic size changes; Perimag showed slower Brownian behavior with reduced sensitivity; Resovist was predominantly Néel-dominated; and Synomag displayed mixed relaxation. For biosensing efficiency, all four MNPs were conjugated with H1N1 hemagglutinin protein via EDC–NHS chemistry, and bio-conjugation was confirmed by FT-IR (amide I/II) and DLS (increased hydrodynamic size). ICP-MS quantified the retained iron content after conjugation and washing, and all samples were normalized to the same iron mass for MPS measurement. Frequency-tuned MPS measurements identified that SHP-30 exhibited significantly greater signal suppression at low frequencies (~7.74 kHz) upon protein binding, enabling protein detection limit down to 10 nM. Collectively, these findings establish SHP-30 as a highly sensitive and efficient candidate for biomarker-conjugated MPS diagnostics, with potential utility in infectious disease detection and point-of-care applications.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"191-202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145668244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3662956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3662956","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11472606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Impact of Hollow Microneedle Geometry on Iontophoretic Drug Transport Through Age-Variant Skin Surfaces","authors":"Ananya Bhattacharjee;Muhammad A. Alam;Ratul K. Baruah","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3638648","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3638648","url":null,"abstract":"Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional invasive methods, offering advantages such as reduced pain, lower infection risk, and improved patient compliance. However, the influence of age-related skin topography, particularly wrinkle-induced variations, on delivery efficacy in terms of time delay and geometry-dependent total dose remains underexplored. This study presents a computational investigation of iontophoretic drug transport using hollow conical microneedles, focusing on age-variant skin profiles characterized by sinusoidal wrinkle patterns. The transdermal delivery of the ionic dermatological agent Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate is modeled at initial concentrations of 1-5 mg/L, using microneedle lengths of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$100~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$150~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. The spatial and temporal concentration profiles of drug diffusion within the dermis are simulated over a 30-minute period. COMSOL Multiphysics is employed to optimize microneedle and electrode design parameters by analyzing applied power, terminal resistance, and the time constant of drug permeation. Skin resistance is modeled across a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1000~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m surface span under three distinct skin conditions: a) smooth/flat skin, b) increased wrinkle amplitude (deeper crests), and c) increased wrinkle frequency (denser undulations). The results provide quantitative insights into how microneedle geometry and age-related skin surface morphology influence iontophoretic transport efficiency. This study offers design guidelines for age-responsive microneedle systems and informs future regulatory considerations in developing transdermal biomedical devices.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145632861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quali-Quantitative Analysis of Biosensing and Biotransducing Systems for Cardiovascular Monitoring: Pacemakers Active and Passive Stress","authors":"J. Tene Koyazo;Aimé Lay-Ekuakille;Michele Bellino;Gennaro Galasso;Ornella Piazza;K. Srinivasa Rao","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3645728","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3645728","url":null,"abstract":"The global health burden of cardiovascular diseases, including MI (myocardial infarction), CAD (coronary artery disease), heart arrhythmias, cerebrovascular disease, and HF (heart failure), is substantial. As a primary cause of mortality, there is a pressing need for continuous and real-time heart monitoring to identify and treat irregular heart rhythms. PPMs (permanent pacemakers) constantly monitor the heart’s spontaneous electrical activity and only activate when it is either defiant or absent. The PPMs under investigation in our research are special implantable biosensors and biotransducers with nanoscale components. The PPMs do not generally contain biochemical reactants but they interact with physiological fluids to be considered as biosensors, and nanobiosensors if they encompass nanomaterials, as for our case. The objective of this study is to determine the reliability of PPM structures that have been implanted in patients who are suffering from one of the cardiovascular diseases over time. Even though the PPMs have been certified for the above use, however, natural patient conditions such as changes in body posture, temperature, or even changes in metabolic demand, can affect their operating modes. The sidewall roughness surface of PPMs is analyzed using atomic force microscopic 3D structural reconstruction, which is based on the grey images of PPMs from CT scanning for each patient. The angular equivocation (also known as angular entropy) approach is implemented to quantify the uncertainty in the distribution of edge or gradient orientation in PPMs images. Then, in order to address nonlinearities and interactions caused by metallic components in the PPM that introduce harmonic and distortions from biological tissues and device motion, we have conducted a bispectral analysis followed by contour representation plots. Different results obtained are of interest for monitoring the state of implantable devices in activity based on CT cardiac examinations in order to preserve the patient’s extended life.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Emerging Electrospun Techniques for Cutting-Edge Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals","authors":"Mamta Bishnoi;Shiv Kumar Prajapati;Divya Sharma;Ajay Pal Singh;Teena Teena;Ankit Jain","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3639054","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2025.3639054","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospinning is a technique that utilizes high voltage to produce polymer nanofibers with adjustable morphology, extensive surface area, and interconnected porosity, rendering them highly suitable for biomedical applications. A prominent application of these fibers is in localized drug delivery, where they enable prolonged and targeted release. This review discusses various ELS techniques, each offering distinct advantages for incorporating small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, either during the fiber formation process or through subsequent processing. Critical formulation factors such as polymer type, solvent, molecular weight, flow rate, and environmental conditions significantly influence fiber properties and drug release patterns. The review also highlights material selections and therapeutic applications in areas such as ocular, oral, dermal, and probiotic delivery, as well as in wound healing and tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 2","pages":"160-171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}