IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience最新文献

{"title":"Nanostructured ZnO Thin Film-Based Enzymatic Biosensor for Sensitive Acetylcholine Detection in Neurological Applications","authors":"Po-Hui Yang;Hong-Wei Zhu;Jung-Chuan Chou;Chih-Hsien Lai;Po-Yu Kuo;Yu-Hsun Nien;Yu-Wei Chen;Li-Yao Song;Lian-Sheng Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3697837","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3697837","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a potentiometric enzyme biosensor for acetylcholine based on a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film. The sensing film is modified with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChOx) to enhance sensing performance. Furthermore, the sensing film utilizes the surface chemistry of metal oxides, functionalizing the ZnO thin film with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). AChE-ChOx is then immobilized on the working electrode via glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking. Potentiometric measurements using the time-voltage (V-T) method demonstrate a linear detection range of 10 nM to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$100~upmu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>M, with a detection limit as low as 6.33 nM, reaching physiological concentrations. This sensor exhibits an average sensitivity of 48.20 mV/decade, a linearity of 0.990, a response time of 17 seconds, and excellent anti-interference performance.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"523-530"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Time Combination Synchronization of Four-Dimensional System Based on DNA Strand Displacement","authors":"Yanfeng Wang;Yanbin Zhu;Junwei Sun;Yingcong Wang","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3694559","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3694559","url":null,"abstract":"With the application of DNA strand displacement (DSD) in the synchronization of chaotic systems within a finite time, the finite time synchronization of a single drive system and a single response system has been realized by DNA. Within this article, the finite time combination synchronization of four-dimensional systems is realized by using DSD technology. First, the four-dimensional system and the combination synchronization controllers are realized by using the designed strand displacement reaction. Second, the dynamic characteristics of the designed four-dimensional system are verified by simulation. Third, by cascading the designed four-dimensional system and the combination synchronization controllers, the combination synchronization of three four-dimensional systems in finite time is realized. Numerical simulation results show that DSD can realize combination synchronization of three four-dimensional systems within a finite time. This study highlights the potential of DSD techniques for achieving complex synchronization tasks in chaotic systems. The research in this article further expands the application prospects in security communication, biological computation and other fields.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"508-522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical Applications of Green-Synthesized Selenium and Iron-Selenium Bimetallic Nanoflowers Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract","authors":"Vishal Chikhale;Gajanan Sonawane;Mamata Singhvi;Beom Soo Kim","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3681130","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3681130","url":null,"abstract":"Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained significant attention due to its environmentally friendly approach and potential biomedical applications. This study focuses on the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and iron-selenium bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe-SeNPs) using Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA, confirming their successful synthesis. The therapeutic efficacy of SeNPs and Fe-SeNPs was evaluated against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through MTT, wound healing, apoptosis, and yolk sac membrane (YSM) assays. Fe-SeNPs demonstrated greater cytotoxicity than SeNPs, with IC50 values of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>g/mL at 24 h and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$30~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>g/mL at 48 h. Both types of nanoparticles significantly inhibited cell migration (56.6% for SeNPs and 61.4% for Fe-SeNPs at 48 h) and promoted apoptosis, as confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining. Further, a dose-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis was observed in the YSM assay, with complete inhibition at higher concentrations. These results highlight the potential of green-synthesized SeNPs and Fe-SeNPs as promising candidates for breast cancer treatment by inducing cytotoxicity, suppressing migration and angiogenesis, and promoting apoptosis, thereby contributing to the advancement of nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"403-413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Target Detection and Localization for Mobile Molecular Communication by Deep Learning Methods","authors":"Zhen Cheng;Ziyan Xu;Yi Luo;Ming Xia;Kaikai Chi;Xinwei Yao","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3691389","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3691389","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile molecular communication (MMC) has various promising applications, such as environmental monitoring, targeted drug delivery and artificial biointelligence. However, the dynamic nature of MMC poses significant challenges for accurate target detection and localization. For the practical applications in MMC, simultaneous target detection and localization with higher accuracy are required. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach to address the issue of target detection and localization in MMC system with multiple target nodes and multiple nanomachines (NMs). We employ a neural network enhanced with attention mechanisms which is specifically a Transformer-based model to learn the complex patterns in molecular diffusion and reception. The data is generated according to the received sequences which are composed of the numbers of molecules arrived at NMs in each time slot by accurately simulating the movement of the targets, NMs and molecules. We have conducted simulation experiments for target detection and localization under both static and mobile conditions. Simulation results indicate that our proposed method performs best in terms of the predicted target detection and localization accuracy compared with other deep learning models including deep neural networks (DNN) and Informer-based especially in mobile scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"477-489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Reconfigurable SPR-Based D-Shaped Dual-Sensing Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensor Using Ge2Sb2Te5 Phase Change Material for Cancer Cell Detection","authors":"Sanam Thasha A.;M. S. Arjunan;K. J. Suja","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3680512","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3680512","url":null,"abstract":"A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based D-shaped photonic crystal fiber biosensor has been proposed as an effective technique for detecting cancer. Despite several advanced SPR biosensor designs that have been reported to achieve high sensitivity, most exhibit non-uniform responses toward different cancerous cells and lack reconfigurability. Since sensitivity strongly depends on the plasmonic material, distinct sensors are often preferred for specific cancerous cells. However, previous studies on common cancer types have not explicitly addressed the issue of non-uniform sensitivity across different cells, as the widely varying sensitivity has not been systematically analyzed or treated as a key design concern, thereby limiting the general applicability of existing SPR biosensors. In this work, we define and address this gap for the first time by proposing a reconfigurable SPR-based D-shaped PCF biosensor utilizing an Au/Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST) phase change material (PCM) interface. The distinct crystalline and amorphous phases of GST, exhibiting significant optical contrast, provide dual sensing capability and thereby enable different sensitivity responses for the detection of various cancer cells. In the amorphous GST, high sensitivity is observed for skin (4000nm/RIU), cervical (3333.33nm/RIU), and breast II (MCF-7) cancer (2857.14nm/RIU). In contrast, the crystalline phase exhibits high sensitivity in blood (2857.14nm/RIU), adrenal (2857.14nm/RIU), and breast I (MDA-MB-231) cancer (2857.14nm/RIU). Thus, by switching the GST phase, the sensor can be reconfigured to select different cancerous cells. Hence, the reconfigurability of the PCM effectively mitigates the issue of non-uniform sensitivity of conventional SPR-based biosensors, demonstrating the strong potential and versatility for futuristic biosensing technologies.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"414-421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3714633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3714633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11719398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149097766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Pathway Control for Targeted Drug Delivery: Unified Waveform Modulation in Molecular Communication","authors":"Ming Tan;Yue Sun;Hanyu Xiao;Yifan Chen","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3691099","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3691099","url":null,"abstract":"Precise control of drug delivery requires coordination across multiple stages, including release timing, propagation dynamics, and targeting efficiency. To address this, a unified waveform modulation framework inspired by molecular communication (MC), under the broader concept of nanoparticle beamforming (NPB), is proposed to enable full-chain control over nanoparticle (NP) behavior from release through propagation to reception. Within this framework, pathway optimization is considered a key component of channel-level pathway control and is implemented via magnetic-field-assisted navigation. The framework supports NPB-mediated therapeutic-window regulation across diverse pathways, enabling safe and efficient delivery. Magnetic navigation is embedded with spatiotemporal pathway control into channel-level routing to guide NPs through the vascular network. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations are used to model NP motion under magnetic spatiotemporal pathway control conditions. Two representative drugs with contrasting therapeutic windows, Digoxin (narrow window) and Ibuprofen (wide window), are used as case studies to evaluate the adaptability of the framework. Key evaluation metrics include maintaining the localized drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The COMSOL simulations indicate that magnetic-field-assisted pathway control can improve NP accumulation at the target region, with a 75.3% increase in successful targeting rate compared to the case without magnetic-field control. When integrated into the waveform modulation framework, this pathway optimization helps maintain drug concentrations within the therapeutic window for both case studies. For Ibuprofen, effective levels are sustained over a wide range, while for Digoxin, the system supports tighter regulation to reduce the risk of toxicity. These results suggest the potential of waveform modulation as a unifying control paradigm for drug delivery across the release, propagation, and target stages. Implementing magnetic pathway control at the channel level supports the applicability of the framework under the modeled vascular constraints. The results suggest its potential for generalizable, personalized delivery strategies across diverse therapeutic scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"25 4","pages":"459-467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Assisted Terahertz Metasurface Sensing for Diabetes Progression.","authors":"Niten Kumar Panda, Sananda Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3733255","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3733255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A polarization-insensitive terahertz (THz) metasurface refractive index sensor is proposed for plasma amino acid-based detection of type 2 diabetes progression stages. The unloaded sensor exhibits a resonance frequency of 0.6638 THz at maximum absorptivity, with a high quality factor(Q) of 41.4, a figure of merit(FoM) of 4.17 and maximum refractive index sensitivity(S) of 66.67 GHz/RIU, enabling precise refractive index sensing. The combined effect of six clinically accepted plasma amino acid biomarkers is considered to model diabetes progression. Five progressive stages-Normal (N), Intermediate-1 (I-1), Intermediate-2 (I-2), Diabetic (D), and High-Diabetic (HD)-are characterized by variations in amino acid concentrations that alter the effective refractive index of blood plasma. The Lorenz-Lorentz formulation is employed to estimate stage-dependent refractive indices from molecular composition and density variations. The corresponding resonance shifts and absorptivity responses are obtained through parametric simulations and used to train multiple machine learning models. The proposed framework Ensemble Bagged Trees classifier achieves a classification accuracy of 94% in accurately identifying the precise stage of diabetes on the simulated test datasets. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating THz metasurface sensing with data-driven modeling for minimally invasive, stage-specific diabetes diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable Dielectrophoretic Enrichment of Microorganisms on CMOS-Fabricated Nanoelectrode Arrays.","authors":"Chia-Hsuan Chiang, Hsiao-Chi Chen, Jeng-Huei Shiau, Chao-Min Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3732657","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3732657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study utilizes a nanoelectrode array chip fabricated using CMOS processes to develop a microbial manipulation and enrichment platform based on dielectrophoresis (DEP). Microbial enrichment can be achieved using a regularly patterned nanoelectrode array without requiring specifically designed geometric trapping structures, while maintaining effective performance at a low operating voltage of 20 Vpp. Yeast and E. coli were selected as model microorganisms. Two enrichment methods were proposed and applied, both achieving an enrichment factor of approximately 2 in the E. coli enrichment experiments. In addition, the effect of applied waveforms on microbial enrichment was investigated. Theoretical analysis indicated that, under the ideal waveform assumption and at the same peak-to-peak voltage, a square wave could be used to generate an approximately twofold greater dielectrophoretic force than a sine wave, while experimental results demonstrated differences in microbial enrichment between the two waveforms. Separation and independent enrichment were also achieved in a mixed microbial system, leading to the development of an optimal separation and enrichment strategy. The results further indicate that dipole-dipole interactions influence the movement of microorganisms in a mixed system. Under experimental conditions, a distance greater than 5.35 μm between the two microorganisms was required for dielectrophoretic forces to dominate their movement. In summary, this study demonstrates that efficient microbial manipulation, separation, and enrichment can be achieved through simple electrode arrays and manipulation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Simulation of Ge Pocket Vertical TFET Biosensor for Label Free Detection of Ovarian Cancer Biomarker HE4.","authors":"Khushboo Singh, Ram Awadh Mishra, Kumari Nibha Priyadarshani","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3729903","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3729903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study highlights the use of a Ge Pocket VTFET biosensor to detect the ovarian cancer biomarker HE4 in serum. The device was optimized for increased sensitivity through simulations using the ATLAS TCAD tool. The device features four nanocavities carved under gates for the immobilization of biomarker HE4 serum, as well as a triple gate to improve gate control. The dielectric constant of the carved nanocavities changes as HE4 biomarkers are immobilized in them after replacing the prefilled air. This results in modulation of the device electrical characteristics. The stated biosensor's detection technique is heavily reliant on variations in the charge variation properties of HE4 histological subgroup. In a serum ecosystem, sensitivity analysis of the suggested model was conducted over a range of HE4 values among histological subgroups of ovarian cancer. The optimized biosensor exhibited ON-to-OFF current sensitivity of 1.62 ×10⁶ for the \"Serous\" histological subtype at a biomarker concentration of 386 pmol/L. The sensitivity of the Ge VTFET biosensor is measured in terms of VTH, ION, gm and SS. The biosensor has the highest sensitivity for serous type HE4 histological subgroup, with S_VTH = 0.5568, SI_ON = 4.46×106, Sgm = 1606, and SSS = 25.53. Furthermore, the suggested biosensor sensitivity is compared to that of existing biosensors, and it is found to be highly sensitive. The biosensor's error evaluation in terms of steric and repulsive hindrance is calculated as 16.93% which is better than state-of-the-art biosensors. As a result, the device can be used for array-based screening and diagnosis of ovarian cancer, with the advantage of being easier to fabricate and less expensive.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}