IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience最新文献

{"title":"Target Detection and Localization for Mobile Molecular Communication by Deep Learning Methods.","authors":"Zhen Cheng, Ziyan Xu, Yi Luo, Ming Xia, Kaikai Chi, Xinwei Yao","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3691389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3691389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mobile molecular communication (MMC) has various promising applications, such as environmental monitoring, targeted drug delivery and artificial biointelligence. However, the dynamic nature of MMC poses significant challenges for accurate target detection and localization. For the practical applications in MMC, simultaneous target detection and localization with higher accuracy are required. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based approach to address the issue of target detection and localization in MMC system with multiple target nodes and multiple nanomachines (NMs). We employ a neural network enhanced with attention mechanisms which is specifically a Transformer-based model to learn the complex patterns in molecular diffusion and reception. The data is generated according to the received sequences which are composed of the numbers of molecules arrived at NMs in each time slot by accurately simulating the movement of the targets, NMs and molecules. We have conducted simulation experiments for target detection and localization under both static and mobile conditions. Simulation results indicate that our proposed method performs best in terms of the predicted target detection and localization accuracy compared with other deep learning models including deep neural networks (DNN) and Informer-based especially in mobile scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Pathway Control for Targeted Drug Delivery: A unified Waveform Modulation in Molecular Communication.","authors":"Ming Tan, Yue Sun, Hanyu Xiao, Yifan Chen","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3691099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3691099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise control of drug delivery requires coordination across multiple stages, including release timing, propagation dynamics, and targeting efficiency. To address this, a unified waveform modulation framework inspired by molecular communication (MC), under the broader concept of nanoparticle beamforming, is proposed to enable full-chain control over nanoparticle (NP) behavior from release through propagation to reception. Within this framework, pathway optimization is considered as a key component of channel-level pathway control and is implemented via magnetic-field-assisted navigation. The framework supports therapeutic-window regulation across diverse agents for safe and efficient delivery. Magnetic navigation is embedded spatiotemporal pathway control into channel-level routing to guide NPs through the vascular network. COMSOL Multiphysics simulations are used to model NP motion under magnetic spatiotemporal pathway control conditions. Two representative drugs with contrasting therapeutic windows, Digoxin (narrow window) and Ibuprofen (wide window), are used as case studies to evaluate the adaptability of the framework. Key evaluation metrics include maintaining the localized drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC).The COMSOL simulations indicate that magnetic-field-assisted pathway control can improve NP accumulation at the target region, with a 75.3% increase in successful targeting rate compared to the case without magnetic-field control. When integrated into the waveform modulation framework, this pathway optimization helps maintain drug concentrations within the therapeutic window for both case studies. For Ibuprofen, effective levels are sustained over a wide range, while for Digoxin, the system supports tighter regulation to reduce the risk of toxicity. These results suggest the potential of waveform modulation as a unifying control paradigm for drug delivery across the release, propagation, and target stages. Implementing magnetic pathway control at the channel level supports the applicability of the framework under the modeled vascular constraints. The results suggest its potential for generalizable and personalized delivery strategies in diverse therapeutic scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time Dual Sensing of cTnI and Myoglobin via Printable Graphitized Electrodes.","authors":"Suhaib Imtiyaz, Mohsina Afrooz, Parvathy Nair, Sonal Fande, Khairunnisa Amreen, Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3690757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3690757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has emerged as a serious global health concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health authorities report approximately 100 million cases annually worldwide, with about 9 million associated mortalities. As AMI can affect individuals regardless of their age or prior health status, making early and pre-symptomatic detection is crucial for clinical intervention. Targeting AMI biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and myoglobin is therefore essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. Hence, the development of ultra-sensitive and highly specific sensors is crucial. Herein, a laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based electrochemical biosensor capable of dual detection of two pivotal AMI biomarkers, cTnI and myoglobin, is presented, hence addressing the need for simultaneous biomarker monitoring. Electrochemical analytical techniques such as Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were employed, achieving limits of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) of 0.035 ng/mL and 0.105 ng/mL for cTnI, and 1.39 ng/mL and 4.25 ng/mL for myoglobin, respectively. The fabricated electrodes exhibited excellent stability and reproducibility, supported by physicochemical characterizations confirming detailed electrode morphology. Furthermore, this dual-detection platform was successfully tested for real-time detection in human blood serum, yielding high recovery values and demonstrating its potential for practical, real-world applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Label-Free Detection of Thyroid Cancer Biomarkers Using Heterojunction GAA Ferroelectric p-n-i-n TFET Biosensor.","authors":"Shib Sankar Das, Subir Kumar Sarkar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3690174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3690174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global rise in thyroid cancer incidence has intensified the demand for reliable, rapid and minimally invasive diagnostic tools as current clinical practice often result in unnecessary surgical procedures for benign thyroid nodules. In this context, this work proposes a highly sensitive label-free biosensor, based on a heterojunction gate-all-around ferroelectric p-n-i-n tunnel field effect transistor (HJ-GAA-Fe p-n-i-n TFET) for early thyroid cancer detection. The sensing mechanism leverages variations and the dielectric properties and charge states of thyroid cells, which modulates electrostatic environment of the device. A ferroelectric gate stack introduces a negative capacitance effect that amplifies biomolecule induced electrical perturbations, while a nanocavity beneath the gate metal provides a dedicated region for thyroid cell immobilization. TCAD based simulations are used to evaluate clinically relevant sensitivity metrics including drain current, ON-OFF current ratio and threshold voltage. Furthermore, the proposed biosensor's reliability is assessed through response time, limit of detection (LOD), temperature stability, fill factor variation, early-stage detection capability, steric hindrance effect and noise immunity. The influence of both charged and neutral thyroid cancer cells is systematically analyzed. The proposed biosensor achieved a drain current sensitivity of 5.2 x 10⁸, an ON-OFF ratio sensitivity of 3.23 x 10⁶, a threshold voltage shift of 0.25 V, and selectivity of 12.41 of cancerous thyroid cells, indicating strong potential for accurate and early thyroid cancer diagnostic purpose.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducible Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa via MIP-Functionalized SPR-FPI Optical Fiber Sensor.","authors":"Wanlu Zheng, Weixin Kong, Na Zhang, Zhong Li, Ya-Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3687229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3687229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>reusable optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for quantitative detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented. To achieve repeatable measurement, this study used aptamer DNA as the functional monomer and polydopamine as the cross-linking agent to construct a molecularly imprinted nanofilm on the sensing surface. After elution treatment, molecularly imprinted cavities with high matching shape and size to the target molecule are formed in the nanofilm. Experimental results demonstrated that the sensors enhanced by molecular imprinting technology achieved an increase in resonance wavelength response from 10.677 nm to 24.98 nm, a reduction in response time from 22 minutes to 16 minutes, and an improvement in detection limit from 0.00985 OD to 0.00105 OD, compared with sensors only modified with functional monomers. Moreover, to address the problem of temperature interference in practical applications, a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is innovatively integrated. By taking advantage of the temperature sensitivity but bacterial insensitivity of FPI, the influence of temperature changes on SPR measurement is quantified, effectively providing temperature compensation and further improving the environmental adaptability of the sensor. This study provides a novel, reliable, and cost-effective detection solution for marine environmental microbial monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutameter- A pre-diagnostic biosensor to detect L-glutamine in cancer.","authors":"Gopikasri Manoharan, Ratan Kumar Chaudhary, M Muthu Meenakshi, V V R Sai, Swathi Sudhakar","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3686680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3686680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-glutamine's role in cancer metabolism makes it a more versatile biomarker for cancer detection. A plasmonic fiberoptic absorption biosensor (P-FAB), an emerging technology that utilizes a compact U-shaped optical fiber with an enhanced evanescent field and plasmonic labels to give rise to an ultra-high analyte detection sensitivity, was employed to detect L-Glutamine (L-Gln) as a biomarker using a competitive immunoassay for early cancer detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147770204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles from Schinus molle ethanolic extracts: evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal activity against broccoli pathogens.","authors":"Maria Guadalupe Gomez-Espinoza, Bernabe Rebollo-Plata, Mercedes Portillo-Sampedro, Alda Alejandra Arratia-Castro, Miguel Angel Guzman-Altamirano","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3685100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3685100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruits and vegetables are common sources of foodborne illnesses and are susceptible to deterioration after harvest due to physiological changes and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a crop of commercial and nutritional relevance; however, flower rot occurring in the field and during postharvest handling can affect its quality and yield. In Mexico, this condition has been associated with the phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, and Alternaria alternata. This context highlights the need to explore alternatives to lessen the impact of these microorganisms, including the use of nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties. In this study, silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgClNPs) were synthesized using an ethanolic extract of Schinus molle leaves. The resulting nanomaterial exhibited quasi-spherical morphology and polydisperse particle sizes ranging from 6 to 93 nm. The Ag/AgClNPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella agona, Salmonella infantis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas spp., with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8, 64, 32, 32, 64, and 64 μg/mL, respectively. The nanoparticles also inhibited the in vitro mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium verticillioides, with species-dependent efficacy and maximum inhibition values of approximately 69%, 51%, and 23%, respectively, at 512 μg/mL. In postharvest assays on broccoli florets, qualitative effects on fungal development were observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147716676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical applications of green-synthesized selenium and iron-selenium bimetallic nanoflowers using Azadirachta indica leaf extract.","authors":"Vishal Chikhale, Gajanan Sonawane, Mamata Singhvi, Beom Soo Kim","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3681130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3681130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has gained significant attention due to its environmentally friendly approach and potential biomedical applications. This study focuses on the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and iron-selenium bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe-SeNPs) using Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA, confirming their successful synthesis. The therapeutic efficacy of SeNPs and Fe-SeNPs was evaluated against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through MTT, wound healing, apoptosis, and yolk sac membrane (YSM) assays. Fe-SeNPs demonstrated greater cytotoxicity than SeNPs, with IC50 values of 50 μg/mL at 24 h and 30 μg/mL at 48 h. Both types of nanoparticles significantly inhibited cell migration (56.6% for SeNPs and 61.4% for Fe-SeNPs at 48 h) and promoted apoptosis, as confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining. Further, a dose-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis was observed in the YSM assay, with complete inhibition at higher concentrations. These results highlight the potential of green-synthesized SeNPs and Fe-SeNPs as promising candidates for breast cancer treatment by inducing cytotoxicity, suppressing migration and angiogenesis, and promoting apoptosis, thereby contributing to the advancement of nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Reconfigurable SPR-based D-shaped Dual-Sensing Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensor Using Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ Phase Change Material for Cancer Cell Detection.","authors":"A Sanam Thasha, M S Arjunan, K J Suja","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3680512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3680512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based D-shaped photonic crystal fiber biosensor has been proposed as an effective technique for detecting cancer. Despite several advanced SPR biosensor designs that have been reported to achieve high sensitivity, most exhibit non-uniform responses toward different cancerous cells and lack reconfigurability. Since sensitivity strongly depends on the plasmonic material, distinct sensors are often preferred for specific cancerous cells. However, previous studies on common cancer types have not explicitly addressed the issue of non-uniform sensitivity across different cells, as the widely varying sensitivity has not been systematically analyzed or treated as a key design concern, thereby limiting the general applicability of existing SPR biosensors. In this work, we define and address this gap for the first time by proposing a reconfigurable SPR-based D-shaped PCF biosensor utilizing an Au/Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) phase change material (PCM) interface. The distinct crystalline and amorphous phases of GST, exhibiting significant optical contrast, provide dual sensing capability and thereby enable different sensitivity responses for the detection of various cancer cells. In the amorphous GST, high sensitivity is observed for skin (4000nm/RIU), cervical (3333.33nm/RIU), and breast II(MCF-7) cancer (2857.14nm/RIU). In contrast, the crystalline phase exhibits high sensitivity in blood (2857.14nm/RIU), adrenal (2857.14nm/RIU), and breast I (MDA-MB-231) cancer (2857.14nm/RIU). Thus, by switching the GST phase, the sensor can be reconfigured to select different cancerous cells. Hence, the reconfigurability of the PCM effectively mitigates the issue of non-uniform sensitivity of conventional SPR-based biosensors, demonstrating the strong potential and versatility for futuristic biosensing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147616006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Electrochemical Biosensor Array Enabling Extracellular Vesicles Disruption and Multiplexed Lung Cancer Biomarker Detection.","authors":"Nusrat Praween, T M Anoop, Palash Kumar Basu","doi":"10.1109/TNB.2026.3680013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2026.3680013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce the EV-Disrupt and Detect System (EDDS), an innovative, portable biosensor utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for the swift, low-volume, and economical assessment of extracellular vesicle (EVs)-related lung cancer biomarkers. The EDDS combines electric field-induced EVs disruption with the simultaneous detection of 4 critical biomarkers: TSG101, EGFR, GPC1, and GM2AP, directly from serum. EVs disruption occurred within 30 seconds utilizing a 50 mV, 1 kHz square wave, with disruption efficiency validated by nanoparticle tracking analysis (93.9%) and Western blotting to ensure protein integrity. Post-disruption, the released cargo was quantified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) across 4 specialized screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), with results corroborated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (ELISA). The electric field parameters (voltage, frequency, and duration) were optimized with 150 μL of serum, yielding a 0.218-2.809-fold enhancement in detectable biomarker concentrations. The EDDS markedly decreases processing time, cost, and technological complexity by obviating the necessity for traditional EVs isolation techniques such as ultracentrifugation or chromatography. This integrated platform facilitates direct EVs disruption and multiplexed biomarker identification within a singular workflow, providing a robust instrument for minimally invasive cancer diagnostics and advancing broader clinical applications in liquid biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13264,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience","volume":"PP ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147608683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}