IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology最新文献_第6页

Wideband Terahertz Frequency Meter and Power Meter in CMOS CMOS中的宽带太赫兹频率计和功率计

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3571191

Zhao-Yang Liu;Feng Qi;Ye-Long Wang;Peng-Xiang Liu;Wei-Fan Li

引用次数: 0

Gouy Phase Correction for Quasioptical, Dielectric Spectroscopy of Spherical Shells in a Gaussian Beam for Terahertz Corneal Sensing 高斯光束中球壳的准光学相位校正，用于太赫兹角膜传感

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3551619

Roman Grigorev;Faezeh Zarrinkhat;Joel Lamberg;Irina Nefedova;Mohammad Mirmoosa;Juha Ala-Laurinaho;Aleksi Tamminen;Zachary Taylor

{"title":"Gouy Phase Correction for Quasioptical, Dielectric Spectroscopy of Spherical Shells in a Gaussian Beam for Terahertz Corneal Sensing","authors":"Roman Grigorev;Faezeh Zarrinkhat;Joel Lamberg;Irina Nefedova;Mohammad Mirmoosa;Juha Ala-Laurinaho;Aleksi Tamminen;Zachary Taylor","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3551619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3551619","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the effect of the Gouy phase shift correction on determining refractive index and physical thickness of concentric spherical shells measured by quasioptical terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. The shells consisted of a loss-free quartz layer sitting on a water core which serves as an aqueous half space similar to the cornea's aqueous humour. The reflection of the water-backed quartz shells were measured with a focused Gaussian beam in the 220–330 GHz range. The optics generated a beam with a frequency-independent confocal distance resulting in equal radius of curvature and thus optimal wavefront matching to the sample curvature across the band. Thickness and refractive index were estimated from the measurements using Fresnel’s equations and a fixed phase velocity. Parameter extraction was performed a second time where the frequency and axial location dependent phase velocity was corrected by incorporating the expected Gouy phase shift. The correction improved both the thickness and refractive index accuracy. The utility of Gouy phase correction was explored on hydrated corneal phantoms and increased the accuracy of thickness, and anterior and posterior water content estimates.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 3","pages":"370-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measurement and Modeling on Terahertz Channel Propagation Through Vegetation 太赫兹信道通过植被传播的测量与建模

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3570051

Jiayuan Cui;Yuheng Song;He Jiang;Chenxi Wang;Mingxia Zhang;Guohao Liu;Da Li;Jiabiao Zhao;Jiacheng Liu;Yue Su;Wenbo Liu;Peian Li;Daniel M. Mittleman;Fei Song;Jianjun Ma

{"title":"Measurement and Modeling on Terahertz Channel Propagation Through Vegetation","authors":"Jiayuan Cui;Yuheng Song;He Jiang;Chenxi Wang;Mingxia Zhang;Guohao Liu;Da Li;Jiabiao Zhao;Jiacheng Liu;Yue Su;Wenbo Liu;Peian Li;Daniel M. Mittleman;Fei Song;Jianjun Ma","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3570051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3570051","url":null,"abstract":"The terahertz (THz) band offers promising opportunities for high-capacity wireless communications but faces significant challenges from vegetation-induced channel impairments. This article presents a comprehensive investigation of THz channel propagation through vegetation, introducing a hybrid modeling approach that combines deterministic vegetation-dependent exponential decay (VED) modeling with statistical characterization of temporal variations. Through extensive laboratory measurements using Epipremnum aureum, we find that vegetation introduces angular-dependent power losses, with channel statistics following heavy-tailed stable distributions rather than conventional Rician or Weibull models. Our outdoor measurements with dense and sparse lilac scenarios reveal pronounced foliage density variations in attenuation and height-dependent effects while validating the VED model's ability to maintain excellent agreement with the measured data and parameter stability across different heights without coefficient recalibration. Critical bit-error-rate analysis uncovers distinct signal-to-noise ratio thresholds beyond which performance exhibits oscillatory behavior due to heavy-tailed fading, establishing fundamental capacity bounds with significant implications for modulation scheme selection and power control strategies in practical THz communication systems.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 4","pages":"582-595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 285–310 GHz CMOS Switch Using Inductive Matching and Floating-Body Techniques for Metasurfaces: Design and Equivalent Circuit Model 基于感应匹配和浮体技术的超表面285-310 GHz CMOS开关：设计和等效电路模型

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3570057

You Wu;Yifei Jin;Yongli Ren;Fan Yang;Shenheng Xu;Maokun Li

{"title":"A 285–310 GHz CMOS Switch Using Inductive Matching and Floating-Body Techniques for Metasurfaces: Design and Equivalent Circuit Model","authors":"You Wu;Yifei Jin;Yongli Ren;Fan Yang;Shenheng Xu;Maokun Li","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3570057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3570057","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a compact-size switch operating in the frequency range of 285–310 GHz, employing the standard 65-nm CMOS process. The terahertz performance of the switch is enhanced through a custom-designed inductive loop that resonates with the parasitic capacitance of the switch. In addition, the floating-body technique is employed to mitigate leakage. The probe tests and the thru-reflect-line calibration tests are conducted to extract the equivalent impedance of the switch within the operating frequency range. Comparative experiments are conducted to evaluate the impact of using the two techniques on the switch's performance. Furthermore, a comparison between simulation and measurement results of the proposed switch is performed. Equivalent circuit models are introduced based on the physical structure of the proposed switch, and the fitted parameters are presented. The fabricated switch, with a compact footprint of merely 30 μm × 40 μm, achieves a measured insertion loss of 1.5 dB in the <sc>on state and more than 6.0 dB of isolation in the <sc>off state within the operating frequency range and can be effectively employed as a tunable component in metasurface applications.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 4","pages":"672-678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An InP Distributed Active Isolator With >30-dB Isolation Over 215-GHz Bandwidth for Sub-THz Wideband Transceivers 一种用于Sub-THz宽带收发器的InP分布式有源隔离器，在215ghz带宽上具有> - 30db隔离

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3550802

Phat T. Nguyen;Natalie S. Wagner;Alexander Stameroff;Anh-Vu Pham

{"title":"An InP Distributed Active Isolator With >30-dB Isolation Over 215-GHz Bandwidth for Sub-THz Wideband Transceivers","authors":"Phat T. Nguyen;Natalie S. Wagner;Alexander Stameroff;Anh-Vu Pham","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3550802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3550802","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a 5–220-GHz active isolator with >50 to >30 dB reverse isolation to protect local oscillators in sub-THz wideband transceivers. The isolator design adopts a Darlington distributed amplifier topology comprised of five high-isolation stages to achieve a flat forward transmission and wideband input/output matchings. To achieve a high isolation across the wide bandwidth, the isolator codesigns stacked heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) topology and high-isolation layout structures, building high-isolation stages for the complete isolator. A new layout arrangement using low-crosstalk transmission lines, high-isolation cell shielding, and coplanar waveguides with continuous ground planes is presented and implemented to mitigate couplings that severely degrade isolation at sub-THz frequencies. The indium phosphide active isolator is fabricated and characterized. The prototype exhibits a forward gain of 10 dB and a reverse isolation of >50, >37, and >30 dB up to 40, 190, and 220 GHz, respectively. The maximum saturated power and the output 1-dB compression point are 15.8 and 12.2 dBm, respectively. From 120 to 170 GHz, the output third-order intercept point is from 21.4 to 16.1 dBm. The isolator consumes 45 mA of current with an active area size of 0.176 mm2.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 3","pages":"440-455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of a Far-Infrared Kinetic Inductance Detector Prototype for PRIMA PRIMA远红外动力电感探测器原型的表征

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3454436

Steven Hailey-Dunsheath;Sven van Berkel;Andrew D. Beyer;Logan Foote;Reinier M. J. Janssen;Henry G. LeDuc;Pierre M. Echternach;Charles M. Bradford;Jochem J. A. Baselmans;Shahab Dabironezare;Peter K. Day;Nicholas F. Cothard;Jason Glenn

{"title":"Characterization of a Far-Infrared Kinetic Inductance Detector Prototype for PRIMA","authors":"Steven Hailey-Dunsheath;Sven van Berkel;Andrew D. Beyer;Logan Foote;Reinier M. J. Janssen;Henry G. LeDuc;Pierre M. Echternach;Charles M. Bradford;Jochem J. A. Baselmans;Shahab Dabironezare;Peter K. Day;Nicholas F. Cothard;Jason Glenn","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3454436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2024.3454436","url":null,"abstract":"The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA) is under study as a potential far-IR space mission, featuring actively cooled optics, and both imaging and spectroscopic instrumentation. To fully take advantage of the low background afforded by a cold telescope, spectroscopy with PRIMA requires detectors with a noise equivalent power (NEP) better than <inline-formula><tex-math>$1 times 10^{-19}$</tex-math></inline-formula> W Hz<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{-1/2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. To meet this goal, we are developing large format arrays of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to work across the 25–250 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m range. Here, we present the design and characterization of a single pixel prototype detector optimized for 210 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m. The KID consists of a lens-coupled aluminum inductor-absorber connected to a niobium interdigitated capacitor to form a 2 GHz resonator. We have fabricated a small array with 28 KIDs, and we measure the performance of one of these detectors with an optical loading in the 0.01–300 aW range. At low loading, the detector achieves an NEP of <inline-formula><tex-math>$9times 10^{-20}$</tex-math></inline-formula> W Hz<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{-1/2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at a 10 Hz readout frequency. An extrapolation of these measurements suggests this detector may remain photon noise limited at up to 20 fW of loading, offering a high dynamic range for PRIMA observations of bright astronomical sources.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 4","pages":"546-557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terahertz Characterization of Cable Terminal: A Debye-PSO Modeling and Inversion Approach 电缆终端的太赫兹特性：一种Debye-PSO建模和反演方法

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3569133

Shuaibing Li;Jiahao Dan;Tao Geng;Jinbo Xue;Yongqiang Kang;Haiying Dong

{"title":"Terahertz Characterization of Cable Terminal: A Debye-PSO Modeling and Inversion Approach","authors":"Shuaibing Li;Jiahao Dan;Tao Geng;Jinbo Xue;Yongqiang Kang;Haiying Dong","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3569133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3569133","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) wave propagation in insulation materials of cable terminal is governed by their optical and dielectric properties. This study investigated these properties in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) cable terminal materials using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the 0.2–1.5 THz range. We measured and analyzed four key parameters: refractive index n1(ω), absorption coefficient α1(ω), and the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant [ϵ1′(<italic>ω) and <italic>ϵ1′′(<italic>ω)] across six insulation materials, including XLPE, EPR, stress tube, and umbrella skirt. The Debye model was employed to theoretically analyze dipole relaxation processes, with particle swarm optimization (PSO) applied to overcome the limitations of traditional nonlinear fitting methods in the dispersion model. Our comprehensive approach combined experimental measurements, theoretical modeling, and optimization techniques to establish the fundamental THz band parameters for these materials. The results revealed distinct correlations between the materials' microstructure and their electromagnetic properties. This article provides essential theoretical foundations and reference data for THz-based detection of internal defects in cable terminals. Additionally, the microstructural-level analysis of electromagnetic property variations offers new insights into evaluating cable terminal aging states using THz technology.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 4","pages":"596-605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the Origin of Spurious Features in THz-TDS of Powder Compacts 粉末压片中THz-TDS伪特征的起源

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3549944

Jon Gorecki;Keir N. Murphy;Daniel Markl;Andrew D. Burnett;Mira Naftaly

{"title":"Unveiling the Origin of Spurious Features in THz-TDS of Powder Compacts","authors":"Jon Gorecki;Keir N. Murphy;Daniel Markl;Andrew D. Burnett;Mira Naftaly","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3549944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3549944","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a vital tool for scientific and industrial analysis, however, many commonly analyzed products, such as those found in pharmaceutical, agriculture, and mining sectors, are produced as powders or granular materials, and these sample morphologies have been reported to produce anomalous spectral features which can often obscure known material resonances. The cause of these anomalous features has been poorly understood, making it difficult to predict their presence and limiting the applicability of THz–TDS for such materials. Here, we systematically study how the sample morphology of granular compacts produces anomalous spectral features by performing extensive experimental measurements on two-part powder compacts with varying microsphere size and concentration. Further, we employ ray-tracing simulations to identify the physical mechanism whereby these spectral features arise owing to variations in optical path length within the heterogeneous sample. We believe this is the first time that the physical cause of spurious spectral features within powder samples has been adequately explained and that a robust method has been presented for modeling this effect. By understanding these features, we propose that instead of being seen as a parasitic effect, their presence can be utilised to extract morphological properties of the samples, thereby enhancing the utility of THz-TDS for granular materials.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 3","pages":"418-430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A 200–280 GHz InP HBT Power Amplifier Using Double-Stacked Common-Base Core With Design Analysis and Modulation Measurements 一种采用双堆叠共基核的200 - 280ghz InP HBT功率放大器及其设计分析和调制测量

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3568610

Gunwoo Park;Hyunjoon Kim;Sanggeun Jeon

{"title":"A 200–280 GHz InP HBT Power Amplifier Using Double-Stacked Common-Base Core With Design Analysis and Modulation Measurements","authors":"Gunwoo Park;Hyunjoon Kim;Sanggeun Jeon","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3568610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3568610","url":null,"abstract":"We present a WR-3.4 power amplifier (PA) using a 250-nm InP heterojunction bipolar transistor process, which exhibits a broad 3-dB bandwidth of output power. A capacitive base degeneration is applied to common-base (CB) transistors for optimizing the power performance in the terahertz frequency range. The CB transistors are stacked through analytical design guidelines, building a high-power double-stacked common-base (DS-CB) unit cell. Subsequently, two differential DS-CB unit cells are combined at the output by a broadband and low-loss four-way slotline-based power combiner. The combiner is as compact as 120 × 200 <italic>μm². Thus, the chip size is significantly reduced, occupying only 0.12 mm² for the PA core. The measurement shows that the PA has a peak gain of 18.9 dB at 243 GHz and a small-signal 3-dB bandwidth of 17.8 GHz from 228.5 to 246.3 GHz. The saturated output power (<italic>Psat) is 11.5 dBm at 235 GHz and a 3-dB bandwidth of <italic>Psat is as wide as 80 GHz from 200 to 280 GHz. The PA was also tested with various modulation signals of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and 32-QAM. The rms error vector magnitude values of −14.8, −19.5, and −23.2 dB were measured with corresponding average output powers (<italic>Pavg) of 5.4, 2.3, and 1.6 dBm for the QPSK, 16-QAM, and 32-QAM signals, respectively, at a carrier frequency of 242 GHz.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 4","pages":"650-659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor With Embedded Microfluidic Channels for Real-Time Liquid Analytes Sensing 嵌入微流控通道的太赫兹超材料传感器，用于实时检测液体分析物

IF 3.9 2区工程技术

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3548847

Xue Li;Jingye Sun;Fangjing Hu;Qing You;Yuning Li;Tao Deng

{"title":"Terahertz Metamaterial Sensor With Embedded Microfluidic Channels for Real-Time Liquid Analytes Sensing","authors":"Xue Li;Jingye Sun;Fangjing Hu;Qing You;Yuning Li;Tao Deng","doi":"10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3548847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2025.3548847","url":null,"abstract":"The vibrational and rotational energy levels of numerous biological macromolecules fall within the terahertz (THz) range, making THz spectroscopy a viable method for identifying biological samples. However, most biomolecular activities can only be observed in a liquid environment. Being a polar substance, water exhibits strong absorption characteristics toward THz waves. In this study, we proposed a novel THz metamaterial sensor with embedded microfluidic channels fabricated in the PDMS substrate that operates in reflective modes. This approach not only enables the reduction of THz wave absorptions by water by decreasing the volume of the liquid sample but also realizes the real-time detection of liquid samples. Simulated results reveal that the double splits ring resonators (DSRRs) metal structure exhibits two resonant dips below 1 THz, with a maximum figure of merit of 0.77 RIU-1. Meanwhile, the sensors show significant resonant frequencies red-shifts as the refractive index for the analytes varies in the microchannels. Moreover, the split ring resonators with two gaps (SRRsTG) and DSRRs sensors were fabricated and demonstrated using a THz time-domain spectroscopy system. It has been found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results when the microchannels are empty (air). The sensors are capable of distinguishing various liquid analytes (e.g., water, acetone, and alcohol) by observing the shifts and amplitude variations for two resonant frequencies under different electric field polarizations. In addition, the DSRRs sensors show higher sensitivities in comparison to those of SRRsTG sensors, giving frequency shifts up to 92.1 GHz in TE mode and 192.3 GHz in TM mode for alcohol (99.7%) detections. The presented approach has been easily realized by standard lithography methods and could be applied to other metamaterial structures, as well as for biological sample detections.","PeriodicalId":13258,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology","volume":"15 3","pages":"379-388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0