{"title":"A user-centred approach to facilitate locating company security policies","authors":"L. Aldag, F. Ballreich, B. Berens, M. Volkamer","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3603573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3603573","url":null,"abstract":"English: An important factor for the effectiveness of security awareness measures in companies is awareness and consistency of security policies. As part of a case study, a document was created using a user-centred approach that gives an overview of all relevant individual documents (so-called overview document). In addition, a process for publication was developed and evaluated iteratively. The case study took place at a medium-sized energy company in Germany. General lessons learned are derived from the case study. For example, distributing important documents via e-mail carries the risk that this is perceived as less important or is not perceived at all. Deutsch: Ein wichtiger Faktor für die Effektivität von Security Awareness-Maßnahmen in Unternehmen sind die Bekanntheit und Konsistenz von Security Policies. Im Rahmen einer Case Study wurde mit einem nutzerzentrierten Ansatz ein Dokument, das den Nutzenden eine Übersicht über alle relevanten Einzeldokumente (sog. Übersichtsdokument) gibt und ein Prozess zur Bekanntmachung iterativ entwickelt und evaluiert. Die Case Study fand bei einem mittelgroßen Energieversorgungsunternehmen in Deutschland statt. Aus der Case Study werden allgemeine Lessons Learned abgeleitet. Beispielsweise birgt eine Verteilung von wichtigen Dokumenten über E-Mail die Gefahr, dass diese gar nicht oder als weniger wichtig wahrgenommen wird.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115755115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emma stop that, it's my turn now - Comparing Peer Tutoring and Thinking Aloud for Usability-Testing with Children in a school setting","authors":"Lea Wöbbekind, Kira Lorberg, Thomas Mandl","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3608542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3608542","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this study was to explore children's ability to offer verbal feedback during usability evaluation studies. The aim is to find out whether the use of the method Peer Tutoring or Thinking Aloud can identify more usability findings in usability tests with second graders than observation. 13 Second graders tested an interactive game using two evaluation techniques. The findings indicate that the majority of verbal remarks were identified with the method of Thinking Aloud and that participants also provided more higher quality remarks. More usability findings could be identified than in a purely observational situation. Unexpectedly, the Peer Tutoring method was less beneficial for the identification of usability problems since the participants struggled to cooperate successfully.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"68 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120986137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Head-anchored text placements and cognitive load in information-rich virtual environments","authors":"Nils Adrian Mack, Markus Heun, Marion Rose","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3603575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3603575","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward using information-rich virtual environments that combine virtual environments (VE) with text as educational tools. This has been made viable by advances in head-mounted displays (HMDs). However, the use of virtual reality (VR) can create a problem of high extraneous cognitive load (ECL) caused by the VR technology itself. This can hinder learning if it exceeds a user’s limited working memory. To reduce this load, designers of VEs can only address design elements like the text placement method. To give insights into the placement with the lowest ECL, we conducted a study with 30 participants, evaluating different head-anchored text placements in two abstracted, non-stationary learning tasks to assess their cognitive load, usability, and task load. Our results showed that head-anchored text should be placed above eye level for tasks at normal working height. Furthermore, the horizontal movement of text had little to no influence on cognitive load.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125308709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lena Recki, Margarita Esau-Held, Dennis Lawo, G. Stevens
{"title":"AI said, She said - How Users Perceive Consumer Scoring in Practice","authors":"Lena Recki, Margarita Esau-Held, Dennis Lawo, G. Stevens","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3603562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3603562","url":null,"abstract":"As digitization continues, consumers are increasingly exposed to AI scoring decisions. However, currently lacking is a thorough understanding of how users’ misjudgments of an AI-supported system lead to it being rejected. Therefore, investigations are needed into the appropriation of such socio-technical systems in practice and how users describe their experience with algorithm-based scoring. To address this issue, we evaluated 1,003 user reviews of an app on car insurance that calculates premiums based on the consumers’ individual driving behavior. We find evidence that users develop their own folk theories to explain the algorithms with the help of situation-related experiences and that insufficient explanations lead to power asymmetries between consumers, the system, and the company. In particular, as a result of the different needs of the stakeholders, we uncover a fundamental conflict between computational risk assessment and the perceived agency to influence the score.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125540011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annika Kreuder, Veit Frick, S. Schlittmeier, U. Frick
{"title":"Game jamming as a participatory design approach to foster adolescents’ digital competence: Game Jamming als partizipativer Designansatz zur Förderung der digitalen Kompetenzen Adoleszenter","authors":"Annika Kreuder, Veit Frick, S. Schlittmeier, U. Frick","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3608568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3608568","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents and young adults represent the largest and most active age group of Internet users worldwide. However, contrary to the notion of naturally acquired digital competences, many lack an understanding of technology and the associated risks. Serious games are a promising way to promote self-regulatory digital competences. In the A-DigiKomp project, a three-day online game jam with adolescents was organized to involve the target group in the user-centered development process of game ideas for more digital empowerment. Three prototypes on the topic of data protection and online safety were developed as part of the CGN game jam. Personal experiences and target group-specific knowledge of adolescents were successfully addressed. The potential of game jams as a participatory research method is investigated and implications for future use cases are derived. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene stellen weltweit die größte und aktivste Altersgruppe von Internetnutzer*innen dar. Entgegen der Vorstellung natürlich erworbener digitaler Kompetenzen, fehlt es vielen jedoch an einem Verständnis für Technik und den damit verbundenen Risiken. Serious Games sind eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit selbstregulative digitale Kompetenzen zu fördern. Im Projekt A-DigiKomp wurde ein dreitätiger online Game Jam mit Adoleszenten veranstaltet, um die Zielgruppe in den user-zentrierten Entwicklungsprozess von Spielideen zur Förderung digitaler Handlungsfähigkeit einzubeziehen. Drei Prototypen zum Thema Datenschutz und Online-Sicherheit wurden im Rahmen des CGN Game Jams entwickelt. Persönliche Erfahrungen und zielgruppenspezifisches Wissen Adoleszenter wurden erfolgreich aufgegriffen. Das Potenzial von Game Jams als partizipative Forschungsmethode wird untersucht und Implikationen für zukünftige Veranstaltungen abgeleitet.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcel Lahaye, Vivian Isabel Reinartz, Sarah Sahabi, Jan O. Borchers
{"title":"Towards Authoring Tools For DIY Tutorials: From Tutorial User Strategies to Guidelines (Free Template Included!)","authors":"Marcel Lahaye, Vivian Isabel Reinartz, Sarah Sahabi, Jan O. Borchers","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3608530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3608530","url":null,"abstract":"Tutorials are essential for knowledge exchange in the DIY community. However, they often have quality issues leading to misunderstandings, mistakes, and safety risks. This indicates a need for research into how to design interactive systems that reduce author workload, improve tutorial quality, and present tutorial content more dynamically adapted to users’ needs. As a baseline for such research, we need to understand how tutorial users determine tutorial quality. To this end, we conducted a qualitative study with 13 makers seeking out tutorials to implement a chosen project. We observed them selecting tutorials and asked about their selection criteria and strategies in semi-structured retrospective interviews. We combined our findings with related work, derived tutorial authoring guidelines, and created an example template embodying these recommendations. Our contributions can benefit researchers and practitioners designing authoring tools for DIY tutorials, but also DIY tutorial authors and websites.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122822254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saskia Haug, Sophia Sommerrock, Ivo Benke, A. Maedche
{"title":"Scalable Design Evaluation for Everyone! Designing Configuration Systems for Crowd-Feedback Request Generation","authors":"Saskia Haug, Sophia Sommerrock, Ivo Benke, A. Maedche","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3603566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3603566","url":null,"abstract":"Design evaluation is an important step during software development to ensure users’ requirements are met. Crowd feedback represents an effective approach to tackling scalability issues of traditional design evaluation methods. Crowd-feedback systems are usually developed for a fixed use case and designers lack knowledge on how to build individual crowd-feedback systems by themselves. Consequently, they are rarely applied in practice. To address this challenge, we propose the design of a configuration system to support designers in creating individual crowd-feedback requests. By conducting expert interviews (N=14) and an exploratory literature review, we derive four design rationales for such configuration systems and propose a prototypical configuration system instantiation. We evaluate this instantiation in exploratory focus groups (N=10). The results show that feedback requesters appreciate guidance. However, there seems to be a trade-off between complexity and flexibility. With our research, we contribute with a generalizable concept to support feedback requesters to create individualized crowd-feedback requests to support scalable design evaluation for everyone.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122018064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing Realism of Displayed Vibrating AR Objects through Edge Blurring","authors":"Marco Kurzweg, Maximilian Letter, Katrin Wolf","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3603570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3603570","url":null,"abstract":"Many standard AR devices, such as the HoloLens 2, have limitations in displaying fast motions, like the ones required to visualize moving or vibrating objects. One reason for this is the low computing power compared to other technologies, resulting in frame rate drops. Further, established visualization enhancement methods, such as anti-aliasing, cannot be applied because of their high computational demands. Therefore, we have looked at possible alternatives on the HoloLens 2 for displaying vibrations more realistically as long as these technical limitations exist. We have chosen to examine vibrations as they are widely used for different use cases, like creating feedback, communicating the success of interactions, and generating a better scene understanding. In a user study, three different effects were evaluated against a baseline method, which was the representation of a vibration using a sinus function to calculate the displacement of the object. We found that an effect where the edges of the AR object are blurred (continuously with changing intensity) is perceived as significantly more realistic than other effects and the baseline method.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128604005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rivu Radiah, Pia Prodan, Ville Mäkkelä, Pascal Knierim, Florian Alt
{"title":"How Are Your Participants Feeling Today? Accounting For and Assessing Emotions in Virtual Reality","authors":"Rivu Radiah, Pia Prodan, Ville Mäkkelä, Pascal Knierim, Florian Alt","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3603577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3603577","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions affect our perception, attention, and behavior. Hereby, the emotional state is greatly affected by the surrounding environment that can seamlessly be designed in Virtual Reality (VR). However, research typically does not account for the influence of the environment on participants’ emotions, even if this influence might alter acquired data. To mitigate the impact, we formulated a design space that explains how the creation of virtual environments influences emotions. Furthermore, we present EmotionEditor, a toolbox that assists researchers in rapidly developing virtual environments that influence and asses the users’ emotional state. We evaluated the capability of EmotionEditor to elicit emotions in a lab study (n=30). Based on interviews with VR experts (n=13), we investigate how they consider the effect of emotions in their research, how the EmotionEditor can prospectively support them, and analyze prevalent challenges in the design as well as development of VR user studies.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123669387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating Responsible Nudge Design for Informed Decision-Making Enabling Transparent and Reflective Decision-Making","authors":"David Leimstädtner, Peter Sörries, C. Müller-Birn","doi":"10.1145/3603555.3603567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3603555.3603567","url":null,"abstract":"Consent interfaces are habitually designed to coerce people into sharing the maximum amount of data, rather than making decisions that align with their intentions and privacy attitudes, by leveraging cognitive biases to nudge users toward certain decision outcomes through interface design. Reflection and transparency have been proposed as two design dimensions of a choice architecture constituting a responsible nudge approach capable of counteracting these mechanisms by prompting reflected choice. In a crowdsourced experiment, we evaluate these capabilities of a proposed data-disclosure consent interface design deploying the responsible nudge approach within a realistic setting by exploiting a status quo bias during the sign-up of an online survey platform as a secondary task within a crowdsourcing context. Our results provide insights into a responsible design of consent interfaces, suggesting that prompting reflection significantly decreases the discrepancy between users’ privacy attitudes and decision outcomes. Meanwhile, making the presence of a nudge transparent had no significant effect on its influence. Furthermore, identifying individuals’ attitudes as a significant predictor of privacy behavior provides a promising direction for future research.","PeriodicalId":132553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2023","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121461048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}