IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation最新文献

{"title":"A Practice of Sensory Cooperation for Insulation Diagnosis of Electrical Apparatus: Probabilistic Identification and Risk Assessment","authors":"Kai Wang;Ming Ren;Chongxing Zhang;Ming Dong","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3515920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3515920","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a set of algorithms is tailored to achieve insulation defect probability identification and risk assessment based on multiphysical detections of partial discharges (PDs). Initially, three types of PD detection units are integrated into the flange to achieve a relatively uniform detection distance. Also, the synchronous PD detection platform is constructed based on intelligent sensor units, achieving extraction of sequential PD impulse information. Then, the multiphysics energy release power (ERP) is extrapolated based on the amplitude of the measurement signal amplitude. Also, three ERP values are normalized to analyze the proportional relationship of energy releases at different stages of discharge, which is further mapped in a ternary power pattern. In addition, we develop a probability recognition model based on the ternary error-correcting output coding (ECOC) united with a support vector machine (SVM). Meanwhile, by introducing discharge data of the same type with different defect scales, it can be verified that the proposed model possesses significant robustness. Besides, Gaussian process regression (GPR) is applied to fit the relationship between the ternary power pattern and apparent discharge energy (ADE). Also, the risk index and risk level are defined based on the temporal information of ADE during the entire discharge process, which is incorporated with the pulse repetition rate to achieve the visualization of discharge risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 1","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hygrothermal Conditions on Corona Aging of Silicone Rubber","authors":"Maoqiang Bi;Rui Qiu;Shuting Duan;Runkun Deng;Chen Xi;Tianyan Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3515916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3515916","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber is used as a sample to conduct a hygrothermal corona aging test. The physicochemical and electrical performance of the silicone rubber are tested under different hygrothermal conditions. The results show that the surface structure of the material is increasingly destroyed and even pulverized as humidity or temperature rises. Compared with the original samples, the static contact angle of the aged samples decreases significantly, and the static contact angle of the aged samples that exhibit pulverization expands compared with those unpulverized samples due to the large amount of small-molecule siloxanes contained in the pulverized layer. The main chain and side chain of the aged silicone rubber are damaged to varying degrees. The absorption peaks of Si–O–Si and Si–CH3 bonds in the aged samples that exhibit pulverization are higher than those of the samples that do not exhibit pulverization since the siloxane also contains Si–O–Si and Si–CH3 bonds. The aged material combines with a large number of polar groups, leading to an enhanced polarity of the silicone rubber molecules and more dielectric loss of the material. The surface resistivity and volume resistivity of the aged samples are 6.5% and 70.3% of those of the original samples at 80 °C and 95%, respectively, showing that corona discharge mainly damages the surface, rather than the interior of the material.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 2","pages":"992-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Estimation of Transformer Insulating Paper in Hotspot Region Under Nonuniform Thermal Field Based on Furfural Markers","authors":"Heng Zhang;Wen Li;Ruidong Rao;Chuying Liu;Enze Zhang;Zaijun Jiang;Xianhao Fan;Jiefeng Liu;Thomas Wu","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3511516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3511516","url":null,"abstract":"The insulating paper at the hotspot region of the transformer winding is the weakest part; thus, it is essential to grasp its aging condition. Furfural is employed as a chemical marker to characterize the aging condition of insulating paper. However, the existing studies focused on the aging assessment of insulating paper at uniform aging conditions based on furfural, and there is a lack of reports on the insulating paper aging estimation in the hotspot region. Given this, an improved beluga whale optimization algorithm optimized multilayer perceptron (IBWO-MLP) model is proposed to predict the degree of polymerization (DP) value in the hotspot region. First, nonuniform aging experiments are conducted on oil-paper insulations. Furthermore, the DP values of insulating paper in the hotspot region were predicted by the IBWO-MLP model, and the accuracy of the prediction models was compared. Moreover, based on the enhanced data after the prediction of the IBWO-MLP model, a DP estimate model for insulating paper in the hotspot region applicable to field conditions was established. Eventually, the reliability of the constructed model was verified by data from the field transformer. In this regard, this study aims to contribute a novel approach to the aging estimation of the insulating paper in the hotspot region, which is supportive of the diagnosis of insulation failures.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 3","pages":"1660-1667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Vulnerabilities of Pentaerythritol Synthetic Ester Insulating Oil for Eco-Friendly Transformers: A Dive Into Molecular Behavior","authors":"Shi Li;Feipeng Wang;Pawel Rozga;Xiaoxiao Chen;Ying Zhang;Bojun Li;Sichen Yan;Ungarala Mohan Rao;Jian Li","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3510476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3510476","url":null,"abstract":"Ester-based insulating oils exhibit high flash points and biodegradability. Their inferior lightning impulse breakdown voltage (LIBDV), however, hinders the development of high-voltage, large-capacity, eco-friendly transformers. This study compares the negative LIBDV of 25#mineral oil (25#MO) and self-developed pentaerythritol synthetic ester oil (SEO-KA). Subsequently, employing density functional, time-dependent density functional, and wave function analysis methods, calculations are conducted to propose the influence mechanisms of frontier orbitals and traps, ionization and electron affinity processes, excitation processes, discharge active sites, and molecular polarity on LIBDV for both oils. The results indicate that the negative LIBDV of 25#MO is over 1.4 times that of SEO-KA under tested oil gaps. SEO-KA exhibits greater inherent dipole moment, induced dipole moment, and molecular polarity than 25#MO. The frontier orbitals are easily movable, and the trap energy level distribution is denser. The uneven distribution of surface electrostatic potential triggers more discharge active sites. Fortunately, SEO-KA can maintain negative electron affinity and local excitation types, demonstrating similar electronic reactivity and molecular stability to 25#MO. Future work can focus on improving the ionization energy of SEO-KA to enhance its LIBDV. This research provides a scientific basis and guidance for the design, development, and application of superior-performance eco-friendly insulating liquids.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 3","pages":"1413-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UHF Detection of the Eroding DC Dry-Band Arcing on Silicone Rubber Insulation","authors":"Basharat Mehmood;Refat Atef Ghunem;Ayman El-Hag;Li-Lin Tay","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3510222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3510222","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection of the eroding dry-band arcing as a non-intrusive and online detection technique of erosion failure during the dc inclined plane test (IPT). Tests are performed on silicone rubber (SR) composites, while conducting leakage current (LC), surface temperature, and UHF measurements using a horn antenna. No UHF detection is evident during mild dry-band arcing (DBA), which does not lead to erosion. Whereas, the detection is evident during stable DBA, particularly when the intensity becomes remarkable. Thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, and Fourier Transform spectroscopy are conducted to elucidate temperature measurements and visual observations. The eroding DBA is shown to lead to depolymerization of SR at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$400~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> C, thereby leading to combustion and erosion failure, and stimulating a radical-based crosslinking reaction at temperatures exceeding <inline-formula> <tex-math>$500~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> C. The intensity of the UHF detection is also shown to be sensitive to the severity of the eroding DBA as it increases with time during the test or with higher applied test voltages.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 3","pages":"1380-1386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condition Diagnosis of Composite Insulator Based on Knowledge Graph","authors":"Hua Jin;Yufang Zhang;Yuxuan Jia;Zhikang Yuan;Youping Tu","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3510219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3510219","url":null,"abstract":"Composite insulators have been widely used in power transmission system for the lightweight, high strength, and great hydrophobicity. However, the aging of the polymers in composite insulators is a key issue affecting the reliable operation, posing challenges for the condition diagnosis of composite insulators. Knowledge graph is an emerging technique for structuring existing experience and knowledge, which shows promising prospects on maintenance efficiency enhancement for composite insulators. This article introduces the condition diagnosis approach for composite insulators based on knowledge graph. First, the annotated corpus of composite insulator was constructed based on the technical reports, handbooks, open published articles, and standards. This work defined nine types of entities and nine types of relations. Then, the a lite bidirectional encoder representations from transformer (ALBERT)–bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM)–conditional random field (CRF) model and the ALBERT-bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU)–attention model are employed to realize the entities and relations recognition and the <inline-formula> <tex-math>${F}1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> scores of which reach 92.49% and 92.36%, respectively, exhibiting better performance than any other models. At last, the first knowledge graph on composite insulator was constructed. There are 820 entity-relation–entity triplets, covering the basic information, environmental conditions, test methods, fault mechanisms, and so on. This work will provide an artificial intelligence tool for condition diagnosis of composite insulators.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 1","pages":"28-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space Charge Characteristics of Silicone Gel for Power Module Encapsulation at High Temperatures","authors":"Zepeng Lv;Xinyue Zhang;Bingjie Wang;Jinyang Peng;Chen Zhang;Kai Wu;Yonghong Cheng","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3508615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3508615","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of power modules toward high voltage and high power, the encapsulation reliability faced by power modules has attracted great attention under increasing electrical stress and thermal stress. Silicone gel is prevailing for encapsulation with excellent electrical properties. Subjected to direct current (dc) voltages, space charge accumulation will cause local electric field distortion and partial discharge. Thus, it is the intention of this article to study space charge accumulation and breakdown characteristics of silicone gel at high temperatures. Based on the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method, experiments are carried out to obtain space charge distribution at high temperatures and homocharge is found to accumulate in silicone gel. The electrical performance is also characterized and analyzed by systematic dc tests. Temperature plays an important role in affecting insulation properties of silicone gel, causing a decrease in breakdown field and an enhancement in dc conductivity. Analyses show that the decrease in dc breakdown strength of silicone gel attributes to two reasons. For one thing, the intensification of charge injection leads to an overall increase in distortion rate of partial electric field. For another, the shallow traps are dominant in silicone gel and the molecular chains show high activity on the freedom volume as temperature rises. The measurement and analysis will provide references for further application of silicone gel in power module encapsulation.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 3","pages":"1387-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Aging Comparison of Alternative Liquids for Oil-Paper High-Voltage Insulation in Current Transformers","authors":"Anthony Jeanneton;Christophe Perrier;Abderrahmane Beroual","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3508612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3508612","url":null,"abstract":"This article is aimed at the comparison of the long-term behavior of insulation systems using mineral oils to that with alternative liquids, biodegradable hydrocarbons, and ester oils, under thermal stress. The different types of oil are aged in the presence of enameled copper and Kraft paper under sealed conditions. Oil degradation is monitored by relevant aging markers, such as water content, breakdown voltage, dielectric dissipation factor (DDF), and acidity. Paper degradation is monitored through the tensile strength. The end-of-life criterion is based on paper mechanical properties. The experimental results confirm that the sealed conditions prevent oil from aging (no oxidation nor hydrolysis) and that the use of biodegradable hydrocarbon oils could be similar to that of mineral oil and that the use of esters could improve the aging behavior of paper.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 2","pages":"1123-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Testing Temperature Gradients on Dielectric Polarization Parameters of Transformer Oil-Paper Insulation","authors":"Jiacheng Zhou;Jiefeng Liu;Zaijun Jiang;Heyan Gong;Xianhao Fan;Yongqing Lin;Qian Wang;Bing Gao","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3505133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3505133","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) plays an important role in analyzing the aging state of power transformer oil-paper insulation and ensuring the stability of power systems. However, in the existing research, the oil-paper insulation’s FDS is collected under a uniform testing temperature field, overlooking the impact of testing temperature gradients existing in actual transformers. To address this issue, the FDS of oil-paper insulation samples is measured under various temperature gradients. Subsequently, logarithmic-derivative spectroscopy (LDS) is obtained from the measured FDS, and an improved equation is proposed to fit the LDS and extract four polarization parameters related to the oil-paper insulation’s aging state. Furthermore, the changing patterns of the above parameters are analyzed at a microscopic scale based on the dielectric relaxation theory, and the quantitative equations between each polarization parameter and testing temperature gradients are established. To validate the accuracy of established equations, new samples are prepared and the calculated relative error (RE) in each parameter is less than 15%. Finally, this research provides a potential method for eliminating the impact of testing temperature gradients on oil-paper insulation’s FDS.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 3","pages":"1460-1467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the Reliability Performance of a Dielectric-Modulated Negative Capacitance Junctionless FinFET Biosensor","authors":"Navneet Gandhi;Sunil Rathore;Rajeewa Kumar Jaisawal;P. N. Kondekar;Ankit Dixit;Naveen Kumar;Vihar Georgiev;Navjeet Bagga","doi":"10.1109/TDEI.2024.3504407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2024.3504407","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we proposed a dielectric-modulated (DM) junctionless negative capacitance FinFET (JLNC-FinFET) to achieve precise label-free electrical detection of biomolecules, including streptavidin (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${K}=2.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), biotin (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${K}=2.63$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), APTES (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${K}=3.57$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and Keratin (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${K}=8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), within the designated cavity region. The proposed approach employs variations in the threshold voltage for which the sensitivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{text {VTH}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has a maximum value of 15.2% for pyridine (<inline-formula> <tex-math>${K}=12$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), serving as discerning metrics for detecting different neutral and charged biomolecules. The baseline junctionless (JL) FinFET, which is fabricated and characterized, in our previous publication, is opted for this study. Realizing the ferroelectric (FE) layer over its baseline counterpart offers a notable <inline-formula> <tex-math>${I} _{text {ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/<inline-formula> <tex-math>${I} _{text {OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvement (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 10^{{4}}text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in JLNC-FinFET. The reliability concerns of metal gate granularities (MGGs) and line edge roughness (LER) have been considered to explore the impact on biomolecule detection, i.e., biosensor sensitivity. The results reveal that larger grain sizes (GSs) exacerbate work function (WF) variability, especially with biomolecules resembled by high-K cavities. Moreover, the LER significantly impacts device parameters, which worsens the detection of biomolecules with high-K and LER amplitudes. Thus, the proposed study is worth exploring to acquire the design guidelines for reliability-aware biosensors.","PeriodicalId":13247,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation","volume":"32 3","pages":"1575-1582"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}