Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation最新文献

{"title":"Zuranolone and its role in treating major depressive disorder: a narrative review.","authors":"Muneeza Ali,&nbsp;Irfan Ullah,&nbsp;Mufaddal Najmuddin Diwan,&nbsp;Alifiya Aamir,&nbsp;Hashir Ali Awan,&nbsp;Abdul Waris Durrani,&nbsp;Qudrat Ullah Qudrat,&nbsp;Sheikh Shoib,&nbsp;Domenico De Berardis","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder classified as a persistent depressive mood and loss of interest lasting for more than two weeks and accompanied by a list of symptoms outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria. MDD affects approximately 264 million people worldwide and is the most prevailing form of neuropsychiatric disorder. Owing to the probable hypothesized pathophysiology of MDD being an outcome of abnormalities in the amino acid neurotransmitter system, including glutamate (the primary excitatory neurotransmitter) and <i>γ</i>-aminobutyric acid (GABA), SAGE-217 (Zuranolone) is being evaluated as a possible therapeutic treatment for MDD. Zuranolone is a synthetic, neuroactive steroid (NAS) and positive allosteric modulator (PMA) of GABAA receptors, regulating both synaptic and extra-synaptic release of GABA. It is administered as a once-daily oral dose for 2 weeks due to its low-moderate clearance. A change in total HAM-D score from baseline was the primary end-point of all the trials. A phase II trial conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zuranolone (30 mg, once-daily dose), described a significant reduction in total HAM-D score at day 14 and reported the drug to be well tolerated with headache, dizziness, nausea, and somnolence as the most common adverse events (AE). Additional phase III trials were also conducted to evaluate similar outcomes, the interim topline results of which have been released. Consequently, this article attempts to briefly analyze the pharmacology of Zuranolone, review the available clinical data and outcomes regarding its use, and evaluate its place as a prospective novel therapy in the effective management of MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":"44 2","pages":"229-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of gut microbiota in etiopathogenesis of long COVID syndrome.","authors":"Priya Kaushik,&nbsp;Mithlesh Kumari,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Arpita Suri","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":"44 2","pages":"113-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bambusa vulgaris</i> leaves reverse mitochondria dysfunction in diabetic rats through modulation of mitochondria biogenic genes.","authors":"Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti,&nbsp;Yetunde Victoria Aladenika,&nbsp;Opeyemi Iwaloye,&nbsp;Enoabasi Ima-Abasi Okon,&nbsp;Isaac Gbadura Adanlawo","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by hyperglycemia increases the incidence of diabetes and age-related insulin resistance. Thus, maintaining mitochondrial integrity may provide alternative therapeutic approach in diabetes treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of <i>Bambusa vulgaris</i> leaf extract on mitochondrial biogenesis in the pancreas of diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>11 weeks old male rats (n=30) were purchased, and sorted into the following groups: control, diabetic control, diabetes + metformin (100 mg/kg), diabetes + Aq. <i>B. vulgaris</i> (100 mg/kg), diabetes + Aq. <i>B. vulgaris</i> (200 mg/kg), and diabetes + Aq. <i>B. vulgaris</i> (300 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondria biogenesis (pgc-1α, Nrf2, GSK3β, AMPK and SIRT2) and genes of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Molecular docking studies including lock and key docking and prime MM-GBSA were incorporated to identify the lead chemical compounds in <i>Bambusa vulgari.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that <i>B. vulgaris</i> leaf extract promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via altering the mRNA expression of mitochondrial master regulator pgc-1α, other upstream genes, and the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE antioxidant pathway. Through molecular docking results, cryptochlorogenic acid, hesperidin, orientin, vitexin, scopolin, and neochlorogenic were found as the crucial chemicals in <i>B. vulgaris</i> with the most modulating effect on PGC-1α, AMPK, and GSK3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study thus suggests that <i>B. vulgaris</i> leaf extract restores the integrity of mitochondria in diabetic rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":"44 2","pages":"159-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10108763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of encomir-93 mimic transfection on the expression of miR-93 and PSA and androgen receptor in prostate cancer LNcap cell line.","authors":"Hossein Mokhtari,&nbsp;Ali Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Mohaddeseh Nejati,&nbsp;Zeinab Barartabar,&nbsp;Mehdi Damchi,&nbsp;Abbas Khonakdar-Tarsi,&nbsp;Mahlagha Zahedi","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0096","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men with high mortality rate which is a major concern for men's health. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. miR-93 is an important oncogene which may have important function in prostate cancer.So, this study aimed to predict that encomir-93 mimic transfection on the expression of miR-93 and PSA and AR in prostate cancer LNcap cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) was cultured and then miR-93 mimics was designed, synthesized and the transfected to LNCaP. The expression level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR) was determined via Real-time PCR after treated with 15 pmol of miR-93 mimics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-93 mimic transfection led to significant increase in PSA and AR expression in comparison with control group (p≤0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The miR-93 and its target genes has important role in PCa progression via enhancement in PSA and AR expression. Further research on the function of the miR-93 and its target genes in tumorgenesis and progression PCa could be helpful for the treatment of prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"237-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9557936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of four-week home-based exercise program on immune response, fat and muscle mass in subjects recovered from COVID-19.","authors":"Peyman Ghasemi,&nbsp;Hossein Shirvani,&nbsp;Alireza Shamsoddini","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0057","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>A rehabilitation program for patients with COVID-19 may be required to improve related side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a four-week home workout on body composition and serum levels of IL-6 and cortisol in men recovering from COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study is quasi-experimental. To this end, 45 healthy individuals in Tehran were purposefully divided into three groups: those who recovered after COVID-19 (n=30), including two groups of exercise and non-exercise, and individuals who did not have COVID-19 (control) (15=n). The four-week training program included three days of training per week with Traband resistance stretches, weight body training, and cardio exercises. The smirnov-Kolmogorov test was employed for data normality. A one-way analysis of variance test will be used to compare both the mean of variables in groups and the mean of variables before and after the exercise, correlated t-test was employed at a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that serum levels of interleukin 6 and cortisol were significantly reduced in the recovered training group (p=0.001) and the non-trained recovery group (p=0.001) and a significant difference was observed between the groups (p=0.001). Furthermore, only in the recovered training group, did the fat percentage (p=0.001) and muscle mass (p=0.001) respectively decreased and increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Four-week home training improves body composition by reducing body fat percentage and increasing muscle mass. In addition, lowering interleukin-6 and cortisol leads to reduced inflammation, faster recovery, and increased immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"329-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10833228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the relationship between betatrophin and certain key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in insulin-resistant mice.","authors":"Funda Bulut Arikan,&nbsp;Mustafa Ulas,&nbsp;Yasemin Ustundag,&nbsp;Hakan Boyunaga,&nbsp;Nermin Dindar Badem","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0104","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study sought to examine the relationship of betatrophin with certain key enzymes, namely lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH5), citrate synthase (CS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1), in insulin-resistant mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight-week-old male C57BL6/J mice were used in this study (experimental group n=10 and control group n=10). S961 was administered using an osmotic pump to induce insulin resistance in the mice. The betatrophin, LDH5, CS, and ACC1 expression levels were determined from the livers of the mice using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Moreover, biochemical parameters such as the serum betatrophin, fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The betatrophin expression and serum betatrophin (p=0.000), fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride (p≤0.001), and total cholesterol (p=0.013) levels were increased in the experimental group. In addition, the CS gene expression level was statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group (p=0.01). Although strong correlation was found between the expression and serum betatrophin and triglyceride levels, no correlation was found between the betatrophin gene expression and the LDH5, ACC1, and CS gene expression levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The betatrophin level appears to play an important role in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism, while insulin resistance increases both the betatrophin gene expression and serum levels and decreases the CS expression level. The findings suggest that betatrophin may not regulate carbohydrate metabolism through CS and LDH5 or lipid metabolism directly through the ACC1 enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"311-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10833229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the effect of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> cagPAI variety on gene expression pattern related to gastric cancer.","authors":"Alireza Ahmadzadeh,&nbsp;Mohsen Rashidi,&nbsp;Zhaleh Mohsenifar,&nbsp;Fariborz Faeghi,&nbsp;Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani,&nbsp;Nayebalia Ahmadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Zali,&nbsp;Masoud Alebouyeh,&nbsp;Mehdi Feizi,&nbsp;Zobayde Ahmadzadeh","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0048","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to determine possible association between heterogeneity of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island and gene expression profiles in patients with distinct histopathological changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gastric biopsies were obtained from seventy five patients. Microbiological and pathological examinations were done and intactness of <i>Helicobacter pylori cag</i>PAI was determined by PCR using 11 pairs of primers flanking <i>cagζ</i>-<i>cagA</i> regions and <i>cag</i>PAI empty site. Alterations at mRNA levels of eight genes were investigated by real-time PCR and their association with <i>cag</i>PAI intactness and histopathological changes examined statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A larger proportion of <i>cag</i>PAI positive strains colonized patients with SAG (52.4%), followed by CG (33.3%), and IM (14.3%). Intact <i>cag</i>PAI was found in 87.5% of the strains obtained from patients with SAG, while significantly lower frequency was detected among those with CG (12.5%) and IM (0%). No significant difference was found among the studied histological groups and fold changes in gene expression of gastric biopsies of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infected patients with distinct <i>cag</i>PAI status. However, in each histological group, the strains with more complete gene cluster induced (<i>ErbB2</i>, <i>CCNE1</i>, <i>CTNNB1</i>, and <i>MMP7</i> in SAG and IM groups) or reduced (<i>TP53</i>, in CG group) expression of the GC associated genes in relatively higher levels. <i>APC</i>, <i>TP53</i> and <i>E-cadherin</i> were down-regulated in patients with SAG and IM compared with CG patients, irrespective to the status of <i>cag</i>PAI integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> strains that carry more complete <i>cag</i>PAI segment could induce remarkably higher levels of mRNA changes of GC associated genes in all histopathological groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9274041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The differential role of resistin on invasive liver cancer cells.","authors":"Candace Miethe,&nbsp;Kelsie Raign,&nbsp;Megan Zamora,&nbsp;Ramona Salcedo Price","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0063","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether inhibition of kinase signaling will suppress resistin-induced liver cancer progression. Resistin is located in monocytes and macrophages of adipose tissue. This adipocytokine is an important link between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and cancer risk. Pathways that resistin is known to be involved include but are not limited to mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). The ERK pathway promotes cellular proliferation, migration, survival of cancer cells, and tumor progression. The Akt pathway is known to be up-regulated in many cancers including liver cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using an <i>in vitro</i> model, HepG2 and SNU-449 liver cancer cells were exposed to resistin ± ERK, Akt, or both inhibitors. The following physiological parameters were assessed: cellular proliferation, ROS, lipogenesis, invasion, MMP, and lactate dehydrogenase activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inhibition of kinase signaling suppressed resistin-induced invasion and lactate dehydrogenase in both cell lines. In addition, in SNU-449 cells, resistin increased proliferation, ROS, and MMP-9 activity. Inhibition of PI3K and ERK decreased phosphorylated Akt and ERK, and pyruvate dehydrogenase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we describe the effect of Akt and ERK inhibitors to determine if inhibition suppresses resistin-induced liver cancer progression. Resistin promotes cellular proliferation, ROS, MMP, invasion and LDH activity in SNU-449 liver cancer cells which is differentially mediated by Akt and ERK signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"285-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9369498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of S19W polymorphism in APOA5 gene and serum lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.","authors":"Shivasadat Mirabedini,&nbsp;Hadis Musavi,&nbsp;Atieh Makhlough,&nbsp;Mohammad-Bagher Hashemi-Sooteh,&nbsp;Mehryar Zargari","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0056","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Type 2 diabetic Mellitus (T2DM) is the most common systemic and endocrine disease in humans, and diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of this disorder. The polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) gene are strongly related to hypertriglyceridemia and are considered a predisposing factor for diabetic nephropathy. The current study proposed to examine the association of APOA5-S19W polymorphism with serum lipids levels in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy in Mazandaran province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was designed to determine the association of APOA5-S19W polymorphism with plasma lipid profile in 161 T2DM patients with nephropathy (DN+), without nephropathy (DN-), and in 58 healthy individuals. Lipid profile values were measured using Pars Azmoun commercial kits. S19W variant, one of the polymorphisms of the APOA5 gene, was determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Taq1 restriction enzyme.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison between the three groups, DN+ had a higher mean TG than DN- and the control group (p<0.001). The incidence of the G allele in DN+ was not significant compared to groups of DN-. Comparing the relationship between the mean of biochemical variables with CC and CG genotypes showed that the mean level of TG in people with CC genotype was increased compared to people with CG genotype in diabetic patients. However, this increase was not significant (p=0.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no association between SNP APOA5 S19W and serum lipids in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"243-249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10813992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic syndrome - cardiac structure and functional analysis by echocardiography; a cross sectional comparative study.","authors":"Varatharajan Sakthivadivel,&nbsp;Chennappan Chinnathambi,&nbsp;Divya Selvaraju,&nbsp;Archana Gaur,&nbsp;Ramya Bakthavatchalam,&nbsp;Appandraj Srivijayan,&nbsp;Raja Sundaramurthy,&nbsp;Lakshmi Jyothi Tadi,&nbsp;Nitin Ashok John","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0066","DOIUrl":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. The outcome of metabolic syndrome depends on structural changes in heart like increased left atrial size or increased left ventricular mass. This study was done to determine the echocardiography abnormalities in metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After obtaining informed consent, 75 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 75 controls were included in the study. 2D echo/M mode examination was performed for all. Aortic root, left atrial size, left atrial volume, septal wall thickness during systole (SWs) and diastole (SWd), posterior wall thickness during systole (PWs) and diastole (PWd), left ventricle dimension during systole (LVDs) and diastole (LVDd), and ejection fraction were measured. The values were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, alcohol and BMI; left ventricular diameter in systole and diastole was significantly more than controls (p<0.001); HR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.13-1.46), 1.29 (95% CI 1.15-1.45) respectively. Left ventricular mass and left atrial volume were increased significantly in subjects with metabolic syndrome (p<0.001); HR were 1.06 (95% CI 1.03-1.08), 1.13 (95% CI 1.06-1.19) respectively. Ejection fraction was low normal in subjects with metabolic syndrome compared to controls (p<0.05); HR 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardiac abnormalities were common in subjects with metabolic syndrome, predominantly affecting the left ventricular mass, diameter and left atrial volume. Early life style modifications are essential to prevent these complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"305-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10806505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}