Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation最新文献

{"title":"The neuropharmacological and clinical effects of lutein: a systematic review.","authors":"Atefeh Arab Firozjae, Mohammad Reza Shiran, Mohsen Rashidi","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2024-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2024-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Neurodegenerative diseases are defined by specific protein accumulation and anatomic vulnerability leading to neuronal loss. Some studies have shown that lutein may have an effect on neurodegenerative diseases. As most of the neurodegenerative diseases don't have certain cure and therapies focus on symptom control, Lutein may be a complementary treatment. Due to controversies in studies investigating lutein effect on neurodegenerative diseases, we decided to perform a systematic review on these studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was carried out in the available databases. We used all MeSH terms and relevant keywords. Studies that reported relationship between lutein and any neurodegenerative disease were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 278 studies. After removing duplicates, screening by titles and abstracts and excluding irrelevant papers, 17 articles were included in this study. Fourteen studies investigated Alzheimer's disease, 2 studies Parkinson's disease and 1 study Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 1/17 study found that high serum levels of lutein at baseline were associated with a lower risk of AD mortality and lutein effect on lipid profile have been investigated in 2/17 studies. Also, 1/17 study has been shown that high intake of lutein may reduce the risk of ALS progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>4/17 studies confirm that lutein can improve cognitive function. 8/17 studies demonstrate a reduction in the progression of AD, and 2/17 studies indicate an improvement in lipid profiles. However, some studies did not find any significant associations. Additionally, there is a limited number of studies investigating the effects of lutein on other neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142499455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum inhibin B and inhibin B/FSH ratio in the diagnosis of non-obstructive azoospermia and oligozoospermia.","authors":"Olaniru B Olumide, Adoga I Godwin, Nkereuwem S Etukudoh, Sulagna Dutta, Obeta M Uchejeso, Johnson O Titilayo, Isichei O Christian, Selowo T Temitope, Pallav Sengupta","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2024-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2024-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Infertility affects approximately 15 % of couples globally, with 50 % cases of male factor infertility. Precise assessment of spermatogenesis is essential for evaluating male infertility. Recent studies suggest serum inhibin B as a promising biomarker for testicular function. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum inhibin B in predicting male infertility, particularly focusing on its relationship with sperm count.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 adult men (mean age 31.4 ± 6.89 years) presenting with infertility at gynecology and urology outpatient departments. Semen analysis was performed following WHO (2010) guidelines, and serum inhibin B levels were quantified. The correlation between serum inhibin B levels and sperm parameters was assessed using Pearson's correlation test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum inhibin B and the inhibin B/FSH ratio for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and oligozoospermia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant positive correlation was observed between serum inhibin B and sperm count (r=0.94, p<0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that the inhibin B/FSH ratio had the highest diagnostic accuracy for NOA and oligozoospermia (AUC=0.986), with sensitivity of 100 % and specificity of 91.67 %. Serum inhibin B alone also showed high diagnostic value (AUC=0.965 for NOA and 0.969 for oligozoospermia).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum inhibin B is a reliable biomarker for assessing male infertility, particularly in evaluating spermatogenic function. The inhibin B/FSH ratio provides superior diagnostic accuracy for NOA and oligozoospermia, offering valuable clinical utility in male infertility diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation of TSH results can be improved by reference values fluctuating in time.","authors":"Joris R Delanghe, Jan Van Elslande, Maaike Godefroid, Marijn M Speeckaert, Thomas M Maenhout","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2024-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2024-0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH), is characterized by a marked circadian rhythm. Plasma or serum TSH values are significantly lower in the afternoon and in the evening as compared to the early morning. As in clinical practice, blood sampling time shows an important variation, a reliable assessment of thyroid status is often not an easy task for the clinician. The biological variation of TSH plays a major role in the intra-individual variability of TSH results in serum or plasma. The observed intra-day variation largely exceeds the reported inter-vendor variation and the coefficient of variation of clinical TSH assays. Therefore, a mathematical solution was sought for correcting interpretation of TSH results for sampling time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We have developed a cosinor model which allows to compensate TSH decision values for the fluctuating serum or plasma TSH concentrations throughout the day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The following mathematical function could be derived: corrected TSH cutoff_value (mIU/L)=0.40 + 0.24*cos(((π/12) *T) + 6) in which T represents the time (hours). This mathematical function can be easily implemented into a laboratory's informatics system and furthermore allows a better tailored diagnosis of (subclinical) hyperthyroidism, regardless the blood sampling time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implementing the corrected cut-off values result in a marked reduction of apparent (false positive) hyperthyroidism diagnosis, in particular in the afternoon.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cerebrospinal fluid chitotriosidase level and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review.","authors":"Zeinab Khorshidi, Iman Adibi, Majid Ghasemi","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the fatal and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Increasing age is one of the risk factors of ALS. Considering that the elderly population in the world is increasing, it is very important to identify useful and effective diagnostic and treatment methods. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the relationship between chitotriosidase (CHIT1) level and ALS disorder.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Keywords \"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis\", \"Gehrig* Disease\", \"Charcot Disease\", \"Guam Disease\", ALS, CHIT1 and chitotriosidase were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases without time limit on September 2023. Hundred twenty studies were obtained by searching, and finally, 14 studies were included in this study using the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In all 14 selected studies, the level of biomarker CHIT1 in the CSF of ALS patients was significantly higher than that of healthy control and disease control groups. But, in 8 studies that included 3 groups, no significant difference was observed between the CHIT1 levels in the two control groups. Six studies have reported the amount of CHIT1 level quantitatively. Among these 6 studies, in 5 studies CHIT1 level in disease control was higher than healthy control (not significant) and in only one study CHIT1 level was higher in healthy control compared to disease control (not significant).</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>In all 14 studies, a multifold increase in CHIT1 levels has been observed in patients compared to healthy and disease control groups. Therefore, based on the findings of the studies, this study confirms the relationship between CHIT1 increase and ALS disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142345816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of the basal TIMI flow, post-PCI TIMI flow and thrombus grade with HbA1c levels in non-diabetic patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI.","authors":"Mina Doudkani Fard, Ahmad Separham, Ehsan Mamaghanizadeh, Yousef Faridvand, Vahid Toupchi Khosroshahi, Somayeh Sarvari","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2023-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2023-0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The acute phase of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), as determined by TIMI angiographic criteria, is influenced by various factors that impact the patient's clinical outcome. However, the modifiable risk factors of impaired TIMI flow (TIMI<3) and its effective treatment are not fully understood. Hyperglycemia may induce a pro thrombotic state and thus affect TIMI flow before or after PCI. This study investigates the correlation between hemoglobin A1c levels, TIMI flow grade, and thrombus grade in infarct-related arteries, assessing its predictive value in non-diabetic patients with STEMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 265 patients selected based on the hemoglobin A1c level lower than 6.5 % and were divided into three groups based on HbA1c level. Comparison between three groups in terms of risk factors, troponin level, blood glucose level, lipid profile, kidney function, number of involved vessels, type of MI, left ventricular ejection fraction, TIMI flow before and after primary angioplasty, thrombus burden, complications and hospital mortality was made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With the increase in HbA1c level, the prevalence of TIMI 3 flow after primary PCI decreased. The prevalence of TIMI flow 2-3 before angioplasty also decreased with the increase in HbA1c level. Increased hemoglobin A1c was also significantly related to large thrombus burden (p=0.021). Morover, hemoglobin A1c remained an independent predictor of post-PCI TIMI flow and thrombus burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elevated hemoglobin A1c is a predictor of TIMI flow less than 3 after primary PCI and high thrombus burden, in STEMI patients without a history of diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling bisphenol A toxicity: human health impacts and sustainable treatment strategies.","authors":"Krishnendu Adhikary, Shweta Kumari, Prity Chatterjee, Riya Dey, Rajkumar Maiti, Sankha Chakrabortty, Deepika Ahuja, Prithviraj Karak","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2024-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2024-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The widespread presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) in consumer goods like water bottles and eyeglass frames raises serious concerns about the chemical's ability to accumulate in human tissues. Molecular filtration and activated carbon adsorption are two of the many BPA treatment technologies that have emerged in response to these issues; both are essential in the removal or degradation of BPA from water sources and industrial effluents.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>To secure the long-term health and environmental advantages of BPA treatment approaches, sustainable development is essential. Both the efficient elimination or destruction of BPA and the reduction of the treatment operations' impact on the environment are important components of a sustainable approach. Different search engines like Pub-Med, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scopus are used for these systematic reviews and analyzed accordingly. This can be accomplished by making treatment facilities more energy efficient and using environmentally friendly materials. Greener ways to deal with BPA pollution are on the horizon, thanks to innovative techniques like bioremediation and improved oxidation processes. Reducing dependence on conventional, resource-intensive procedures can be achieved by investigating the use of bio-based materials and natural adsorbents in treatment processes.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>This review article tackling the health and environmental concerns raised by BPA calls for an integrated strategy that incorporates sustainable development principles and technology progress. We can reduce the negative impacts of BPA contamination, improve environmental stewardship in the long run, and ensure human health by combining cutting-edge treatment technologies with sustainable behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of taurine on the matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the expression changes of miRNA-21 and miRNA-146a in SH-SY5Y cell line.","authors":"Abduladheem Al-Attabi, Bilal Abdulmajeed Mukhlif, Karrar R Al-Shami, Muna S Merza, Sami Awad Alkubaisy, Mohanad Ali Abdulhadi","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD), a brain disorder, is the leading cause of dementia among older adults. Taurine, an amino acid abundantly present in the brain, and shows potential neuroprotective properties. Therefore, we investigated the effects of taurine on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels and the expression changes of miRNA-21 and miRNA-146a in the SH-SY5Y cell line.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Taurine's impact on the SH-SY5Y cell line was evaluated via the 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MMP-9 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, while the expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-146a genes was assessed through Real-Time PCR analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MTT assay revealed no toxic effects on SH-SY5Y cells with increasing concentrations of taurine. Analysis of gene expression indicated a rise in miRNA-21 expression and a decline in miRNA-146 expression with increasing taurine concentration, with the most notable change observed at 1 mg/mL taurine (p<0.001). ELISA results demonstrated a significant increase in MMP-9 levels in the SH-SY5Y cell line treated with 1 mg/mL taurine compared to the untreated group (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study revealed that taurine can alter the expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-21. In conclusion, taurine therapy presents promising therapeutic avenues for treating AD or mitigating severe symptoms. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to comprehensively grasp the precise mechanisms at play.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing ICSI outcomes in women with PCOS: the influence of BMI, hormonal levels, and male fertility parameters.","authors":"Muhjah Falah Hassan, Hind Abdul Kadim, Rabab Zahir Al-Yasiry, Sahbaa Hafedh Sagban, Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2024-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2024-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Women with PCOS often experience significant difficulties in achieving spontaneous pregnancy. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a viable treatment option for these patients, offering an acceptable success rate. This study purposes to identify factors that may positively or negatively influence pregnancy rates in PCOS women undergoing ICSI and explore potential modifications to enhance successful pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included ninety sub-fertile couples with female partners with diagnosed PCOS. Comprehensive evaluations of the partners included medical history, physical examination, hormonal analysis, transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), and seminal fluid analysis. All couples underwent ICSI. Pregnancy rates were determined by positive pregnancy tests 14 days after fresh embryo transfer, and participants were divided into two groups: pregnant and non-pregnant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 90 women who underwent ICSI cycles, 24 achieved pregnancies, resulting in a pregnancy rate of 26.66 %. Non-pregnant women had significantly higher body mass indices (BMI). Additionally, women with elevated cycle day 2 serum estradiol (E2) levels and low follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels exhibited significantly lower pregnancy rates. Women whose male partners had abnormal semen parameters also demonstrated significantly lower pregnancy rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several factors negatively impact pregnancy rates in PCOS women undergoing ICSI, including high BMI, elevated E2, low FSH levels on cycle day 2, a lower number of mature oocytes, and male factor sub-fertility. Many of these factors can be mitigated through the use of ICSI, thereby improving the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the challenges: exploring the association between COVID-19 lockdowns and eating behavior in university students: a systematic review and investigation of factors impacting ed levels.","authors":"Atul Kumar Sharma, Kapilaanjan Jain, Kratika Mulchandani, Smita R Sorte, Sachin B Rathod, Vinu Vij, Jyotsna Gumashta","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental and physical well-being of individuals globally, with university students being particularly susceptible to mental health issues. Factors such as the transition to adulthood, economic hardships, and academic responsibilities, compounded by pandemic-related disruptions like lockdowns and remote learning, have elevated stress levels and altered daily routines. The pandemic has given rise to post-traumatic stress symptoms in certain individuals, including university students which may contribute to the emergence of emotional eating or adopting unhealthy eating patterns as a coping mechanism, leading to excessive consumption or unhealthy dietary choices. This review aims to investigate the influence of COVID-19 restrictions on eating disorders among university students and identifying the contributing factors.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Out of 59 identified articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria, involving 23,542 participants (70.2 % women, 29.35 % men, 0.42 % gender fluid/undisclosed). The lockdown led to increased prevalence and severity of eating disorders among university students, particularly in women.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The review highlights a notable increase in eating disorders among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health issues, reduced physical activity, and economic stress were significant contributors to this trend, with women being disproportionately affected.</p><p><strong>Outlook: </strong>To mitigate the impact of future pandemics or similar disruptions, universities should implement early screening, provide mental health counseling, virtual support groups, nutritional guidance, and opportunities for physical activity. Encouraging students to seek professional help is crucial for managing mental health and eating habits in such scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The spectrum of clinical, hormonal findings in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Isfahan province; a 20-year review.","authors":"Mahin Hashemipour, Rana Saleh","doi":"10.1515/hmbci-2022-0116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by complete or partial defects in one of the several steroidogenic enzymes involved in synthesizing of cortisol from cholesterol in the adrenal gland. Prompt and proper treatment of the disease would reduce symptoms and the level of androgens in patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics and clinical findings of these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective investigation was conducted in 146 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia participated. Their clinical and paraclinical findings were accurately recorded in the file and extracted from the records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all 146 patients, 119(81.5 %) was 21-OH Deficiency type;11-OH Deficiency type was 13(8.9 %), 10(6.8 %) was 3β-HSD type, StAR was 2(1.4 %) and 17 alpha(α)-hydroxylase Deficiency was 2(1.4 %). The mean age of disease onset in these patients was 2.45 ± 1.16 years. Macropenis was the most frequent clinical finding in 39 cases of 64 boys (60.9 %), and Clitoromgaly was the most clinical presentation in 40 cases of 82 girls (48.7 %). The levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and 17-OHP significantly decreased in the last visit compared to the initial diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the clinical findings in every infant or child with ambiguous genitalia, macropenis, clitoromegaly, hirsutism, and premature pubarche, we should consider congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Prompt and proper treatment and disease control would reduce symptoms and the level of androgens in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13224,"journal":{"name":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}