{"title":"1 × 4 Integrated Microlenses High-Rate Photodetector Array for Optical Communication Transmission","authors":"Xiaowei Yang;Weifang Yuan;Xiaofeng Duan;Xianjie Li;Kai Liu;Yongqing Huang","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3374126","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3374126","url":null,"abstract":"Toward the application of 400 G optical receiver chips in optical communication systems, this paper presents a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 photodetector (PD) array with a monolithic integrated InP microlenses structure. The absorption layer of the PD array in question includes the non-depleted, partially depleted, and depleted regions. This third-order composite absorber layer accelerates the diffusion of electrons in the absorber layer and balances the transport times of holes and electrons. Therefore, the high-speed and high responsivity characteristics of the device can be realized. The integration of InP microlenses on the backside of the PD allows the effective photosensitive surface area to be increased and the incident light alignment deviation to be compensated. Tests yielded a 3-dB bandwidth of the PD array at 1310 nm greater than 40 GHz, with a peak responsivity of 0.64 A/W. The responsivity of two types of PDs was measured when incident at a distance of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10~mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 away from the main optical axis. The responsivity of the integrated microlenses decreased to 67.05% of the maximum value. Compared to the device without integrated microlenses, the responsivity increased by 66.76%.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin C. Maglio;Crisanto Quintana;Yoann Thueux;Peter M. Smowton
{"title":"Photovoltaic Modulating Retroreflectors for Low Power Consumption Free Space Optical Communication Systems","authors":"Benjamin C. Maglio;Crisanto Quintana;Yoann Thueux;Peter M. Smowton","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3374101","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3374101","url":null,"abstract":"An InGaAs-InAsP-GaInP asymmetric stepped quantum well structure is proposed for unbiased detection and subsequent modulation of an incident continuous wave optical signal for application in compact, retroreflective, free-space optical communication platforms. Such operation drastically reduces onboard power consumption in large-area, pixelated arrays by driving only optically activated pixels. A modelling routine involving calculations of band structure, fraction of light absorbed, and responsivity have been used to analyse structures exhibiting an asymmetric quantum confined Stark effect. The proposed structure, compared with devices following similar modeling approaches, is predicted to exhibit an unbiased responsivity of 0.004 A/W enabling single pixel detection prior to triggering modulation. The calculated photocurrent of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$4~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 A offers adequate signal to noise against dark current when operated in a photovoltaic mode. Furthermore, the strong blueshift in the ground state transition energy calculated for the applied field results in extinction ratios in excess of 4dB for the modulated signal. These findings suggest performance enhancements at a fraction of current onboard power consumption in modulating retroreflectors for compact, free-space optical communication platforms.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hazan, S. Tondini, A. Nassar, K.A. Williams, E.A.J.M. Bente
{"title":"Two-section passively Mode-locked laser as a test for amplification and absorption parameters of a quantum well based InP optical amplifier at 1300 nm","authors":"J. Hazan, S. Tondini, A. Nassar, K.A. Williams, E.A.J.M. Bente","doi":"10.1109/jqe.2024.3372583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2024.3372583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140044365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ahmad;M. A. M. Lutfi;M. Z. Samion;M. K. A. Zaini;N. Yusoff
{"title":"98 fs High Energy Stable Hybrid Mode-Locked Nonlinear Polarization Rotation With CuO-Doped ZnO Saturable Absorber","authors":"H. Ahmad;M. A. M. Lutfi;M. Z. Samion;M. K. A. Zaini;N. Yusoff","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3396425","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3396425","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of a fiber laser utilizing ytterbium-doped hybrid passively mode-locking, featuring a novel copper oxide-doped zinc oxide saturable absorber (CuO-ZnO SA), has been realized. The hybrid mode-locked (hybrid-ML) fiber laser integrates the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technology with the CuO-ZnO-SA, producing remarkable characteristics with a central wavelength of 1045 nm, a 3-dB bandwidth spanning 18.26 nm, an ultra-short pulse width of 98 fs, a repetition frequency of 1.96 MHz, and an impressive signal-to-noise ratio of 51 dB. This research demonstrates a substantial enhancement in laser performance compared to NPR mode-locking alone. Notably, the pulse width experiences a significant compression, reduced by 39 fs, while the signal-to-noise ratio sees a noteworthy improvement of 11 dB. Furthermore, when contrasted with passively mode-locked pulse lasers relying solely on NPR technology, the hybrid passively mode-locked fiber laser attains a substantial reduction in output pulse width, surpassing 98 fs. These findings show the significant potential of the hybrid-ML system in the realm of ultrafast lasers, offering a promising avenue for future applications in cutting-edge research and technology.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Bisson;Alexandre Michaud;Pascal Paradis;Réal Vallée;Martin Bernier
{"title":"Modeling the 3-Micron Class Er-Doped Fluoride Fiber Laser With a Cubic Energy Transfer Rate Dependence","authors":"William Bisson;Alexandre Michaud;Pascal Paradis;Réal Vallée;Martin Bernier","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3372580","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3372580","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an energy transfer model with a cubic atomic population dependence to accurately model the behavior of various reported high-power erbium-doped fluoride fiber lasers operating near 2.8 microns. We first show that the previously introduced weakly interacting (WI) and strongly interacting (SI) models are not adequate for precisely modeling such high-power erbium-doped fluoride fiber lasers. We compare results obtained with the WI and SI models to the proposed model by simulating 4 different highly doped (7 mol.%) fiber lasers previously reported in the literature. Laser efficiencies and powers are reproduced with great accuracy. In addition, four other fiber laser systems based on erbium concentrations varying from 1–6 mol.% are also simulated with good accuracy using the proposed model with the exact same set of spectroscopic parameters, which confirms its validity for various erbium doping concentrations. Redshifting of laser wavelength is also taken into account by considering the full cross section spectra and computing signal powers over several wavelength channels.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140018546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Sensitivity Characteristics of Tapered Fiber Plasmon Sensor With Gold Nanoparticles in 1500 nm Wavelength Band","authors":"Masahiro Yamamoto;Tianpeng Ji;Aya Miyazaki;Yuichi Matsushima;Hiroshi Ishikawa;Katsuyuki Utaka","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3366468","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3366468","url":null,"abstract":"A tapered fiber plasmon sensor with a tip angle of about 30 degrees was fabricated to realize optical absorption and application to an optical sensor using localized plasmon in the 1500 nm wavelength band. The sharp tip angle of a single-mode fiber (SMF) was well controlled by using a highly GeO2-doped single-mode fiber (SMF) and optimizing the etching conditions with buffered fluoric acid. Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) with a diameter of 40 nm were deposited by treating the surface of a tipped SMF with silane coupling. The relationship between Au NPs deposition time and deposition ratio was studied to control Au NPs distribution and pursue higher sensitivities. The wavelength sensitivity of 662 nm/RIU was expected at Au NPs deposition ratio of 34.9 % in the analysis, and actually a high sensitivity of 677 nm/RIU at 35.3 % was experimentally demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bandwidth Optimization and Fabrication of High-Power MUTC-PD","authors":"Xuejie Wang;Yongqing Huang;Shuhu Tan;Jiawei Du;Mingxi Yang;Kai Liu;Xiaofeng Duan;Xiaomin Ren","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3367951","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3367951","url":null,"abstract":"A high-speed and high-power modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (MUTC-PD) is optimized and fabricated. The optimization method takes carrier transport as the core and considers the hole transport time limited bandwidth of the MUTC-PD for the first time. Taking into account the impact of the electron transport time and RC time constant on device performance, the device is simulated and fabricated. In structure epitaxy, it is proposed to use graded doping to fit Gaussian doping to reduce the epitaxial growth error. The measured bandwidth of the MUTC-PD reaches 34 GHz and the RF output power reaches 17.1 dBm with the mesa diameter of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$20~mu text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. In addition, the influence of modulation depth on high-speed and high-power performance is studied.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander P. Bogatov;Alexander E. Drakin;Eugene A. Tsygankov;Maria I. Vaskovskaya;Dmitry S. Chuchelov;Kirill M. Sabakar;Vitaly V. Vassiliev;Sergey A. Zibrov;Vladimir L. Velichansky
{"title":"Self-Consistent Approach for Calculation of VCSEL Spectra Under Deep Microwave Current Modulation","authors":"Alexander P. Bogatov;Alexander E. Drakin;Eugene A. Tsygankov;Maria I. Vaskovskaya;Dmitry S. Chuchelov;Kirill M. Sabakar;Vitaly V. Vassiliev;Sergey A. Zibrov;Vladimir L. Velichansky","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3367908","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3367908","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a self-consistent approach to calculate the spectra of the vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under a deep microwave modulation of the injection current. The treatment consists of solving a coupled system of equations for the concentration of electrons in the active medium and those for the amplitudes of spectral components derived from Maxwell’s equations. Their numerical solution demonstrates the specific asymmetry of experimental laser spectra under microwave modulation of the injection current. The presented method also accounts for the simultaneous modulation at multiple frequencies. We demonstrate that the laser spectrum can be controlled to some extent, namely, its carrier can be suppressed and the ratio of the first sidebands powers can be simultaneously changed by additional modulation of the injection current at doubled frequency. In addition, we show that the phase difference of these components is stable under variations of modulation parameters in a relatively wide range.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikhail A. Shevchenko;Sofia F. Umanskaya;Konstantin I. Zemskov;Nikolay V. Tcherniega;Anna D. Kudryavtseva
{"title":"Freezing the Suspension of Laser Microcrystals—A New Way for Increasing the Luminescence Efficiency Response","authors":"Mikhail A. Shevchenko;Sofia F. Umanskaya;Konstantin I. Zemskov;Nikolay V. Tcherniega;Anna D. Kudryavtseva","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3366470","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JQE.2024.3366470","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, for the first time, the property of particles to form close-packed layer in front of the freezing interface was used to increase the luminescent efficiency response for ruby and titanium-sapphire microcrystals water suspensions. An increase in the efficiency of luminescence response due to an increase in the concentration of particles at the freezing front, can be used for phase transition sensing. In addition, particles packing by freezing method can be used for tuning random laser generation or increasing the efficiency of different nonlinear optical effects in suspensions of particles.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}