IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Lock-Time Analysis of Injection-Locked Lasers","authors":"Jeonghun Lee;Dongwook Park","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3558769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3558769","url":null,"abstract":"Transient characteristics of optical injection-locked (OIL) solid-state lasers are analyzed using rate equations, with a focus on how the lock-time, which is defined as the time required for the slave laser to lock onto the master laser’s frequency, is affected by the injection strength, detuning frequency, and cavity field’s initial phase. In particular, mean lock-time, the lock-time averaged over a random initial phase difference between the two laser signals, is systematically investigated. The study, aided by asymptotic stability and phase-space trajectory analyses, shows that the dynamics of OIL lasers is quite complex as well as diverse in its behavior. Findings involving the mean lock-time indicate that it is fairly insensitive to frequency detuning except near the locking edge, wherein extremely large variations can occur, ranging from a very small to a very large value in a narrow interval. It is also found that there is a trend reversal of the mean lock-time with respect to the injection strength; after initially undergoing a decrease with increasing injection level, the lock-time starts to increase once again beyond a certain injection strength. There are also some interesting features predicted, such as instantaneous locking and pseudo-stable behavior. The transient process following switching off of the injected light is also briefly investigated and compared to the injection-locking process. The results of this research should provide useful insight when exploring the feasibility, limitations, and design guidelines of various potential OIL applications in which the response speed is of importance.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 3","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Cohen Distribution Functions for Time-Frequency Analysis of Chirped Laser Beams","authors":"Arkady G. Yastremskii;Sofia A. Yampolskaya;Yuri N. Panchenko","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3558190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3558190","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Cohen distribution function and physical spectrum concept, a new algorithm for numerical analysis of the time-frequency distribution of photon flux density of a chirped laser beam has been developed. This made it possible to use the well-known photon transport equation for modeling the evolution of not only spatial and energy, but also spectral characteristics of radiation in high-power laser systems. This approach allows us to solve the problem of “negative probability” arising when using the Wigner distribution function for non-Gaussian laser beams. Comparison of the obtained data with the results of experiments and numerical modeling of amplification of chirped laser beams in the XeF(C-A) gas amplifier of the THL-100 laser system proved applicability of the model.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143888399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Optical Modulation in AZO-Based Engineered Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide: High Extinction Ratio and Low Voltage Operation","authors":"Swati Rajput;Tithi Saha;Ajay Agarwal","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3556574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3556574","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we propose a high-extinction-ratio, low-voltage optical modulator with wide optical bandwidth operation in an engineered Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide (HPW) utilizing Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide (AZO). Incorporating a thin AZO layer into the HPW enables vertical and lateral plasmonic mode confinement. By inducing carrier changes electrically in AZO, we achieve the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) state, facilitating efficient intensity and phase modulation across a wavelength range of 1500 nm to 1650nm. Optimized device geometry ensures proficient electro-optic coupling between the dielectric waveguide mode and the surface plasmon mode, resulting in lower losses compared to conventional HPWs. The extinction ratio (ER) ranges from 13 dB/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m to 45 dB/<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m at a low voltage of 1 V, with modulation efficiency spanning from 2.75 V-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m to 2.90 V-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m for wavelengths between 1500 nm and 1650 nm. We conduct a comparative analysis with another popular ENZ material, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), demonstrating that the AZO-based modulator, with its high carrier mobility, outperforms the ITO-based modulator. AZO, as an ENZ material, holds transformative potential for optical modulation due to its unique electro-optical properties and compatibility with HPWs, offering significant advantages for high-speed, efficient, and compact optical modulators. Our proposed modulation scheme is poised to play a crucial role in advancing optical communication, quantum computing, and quantum sensing technologies.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 3","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization Methods for the Design of Compact and Broadband Adiabatic Couplers","authors":"Tu-Lu Liang;Wei Shao;Zi-Ye Xiao;Mei Yu;Lingyan Zhang;Wei Zhang;Jin Shi","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3554459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3554459","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, optimization methods for the design of the compact and broadband adiabatic couplers are presented. Two definitions of an uncoupled waveguide system are introduced: the first involves connecting one of the two silicon waveguides to a boundary, directing its eigenmodes to the boundary, while the second removes one of the waveguides, resulting in eigenmodes confined to the remaining waveguide. The efficient design of adiabatic couplers is achieved by correcting and fitting the refractive indices of the even and odd eigenmodes in these uncoupled systems. The length of the adiabatic coupler designed by the proposed optimization method can be substantially reduced compared to the conventional linear adiabatic coupler. Calculations for the operating bandwidth of the designed adiabatic coupler show that the proposed optimization method can indeed achieve a paramount wide range of operating bandwidths (power transmission efficiencies of more than 90% are achieved for wavelengths from 1406 nm to 3775 nm). A comparison with other design methods demonstrates that the proposed optimization approach yields a coupler with higher efficiency than previous methods. These findings highlight the potential of this optimization strategy for designing high-performance adiabatic couplers with complex geometries in integrated optics.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Pulse Compression With Diffraction Gratings","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3546047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3546047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of 150-Channel REC-DFB Laser Array Based on Asymmetric Multiple-Quantum-Well","authors":"Yue Zhang;Zhenxing Sun;Rulei Xiao;Xiangfei Chen","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3572831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3572831","url":null,"abstract":"We propose and demonstrate a 150-channel multi-wavelength distributed feedback (DFB) laser array for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The proposed multi-wavelength laser array with wavelength spacing at 0.8 nm (100 GHz) meets the ITU-T specifications. Using the reconstructed equivalent chirp (REC) technique, an equivalent <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> phase shift is introduced at the center of the laser cavity to guarantee stable single longitudinal mode operation. Besides, the grating fabrication is simplified and the precision of the wavelength spacing is enhanced by the proposed REC technique. In addition, the asymmetric multiple-quantum-well (AMQW) technique is used to broaden the modal gain spectral, thus providing enough gain for all the wavelengths of interest. As a result, a 150-channel multi-wavelength DFB laser array is experimentally demonstrated. At the bias current of 120 mA, the side mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) of all the channels are above 45 dB. The lasing wavelengths are then linearly fitted and the fitted results indicate that the average channel spacing is 0.81 nm, which is only ±0.01 nm deviated from our design. All the 150 lasers operate with low threshold currents of 25 to 65 mA, which is owing to the broad wavelength range of gain provided by the AMQW structure. The output power of all the 150 lasers is over 10 mW at the bias current of200mA. The proposed laser array has a far-field divergence angle of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$32^{circ } times 26^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Lorentzian fitted linewidth of 3.35 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, the 150-channel multi-wavelength DFB laser array reported in this paper represents the highest number of channels for a DFB laser array reported to date. The superior properties of the proposed laser array such as stable single-mode operation, precise wavelength control, and high channel count are advantageous for its application in the DWDM systems to enhance the transmission capacity.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modeling of InAs/InP Quantum Dash Ridge Lasers as a Function of Temperature","authors":"Sebastian W. Schaefer;Ras-Jeevan K. Obhi;D. Paige Wilson;Philip J. Poole;Jiaren R. Liu;Christopher E. Valdivia;Trevor Hall;Zhenguo Lu;Karin Hinzer","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3572859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3572859","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithic mode-locked diode lasers based on InAs/InP quantum dashes offer an inexpensive and efficient platform for spectral comb generation. These combs are used in dense wavelength division multiplexing schemes within optical fiber interconnects and frequency references in metrology. Depending on the application, integration can require operation at elevated temperatures, reducing light conversion efficiency. The lasers studied in this work are monolithic <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.55~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m InAs/InP quantum dash cleave/cleave ridge waveguide lasers. We demonstrate performance over temperature and show numerical optoelectronic modelling of said device using Crosslight PICS3D. We discuss the limitations that arise when using an established industry modelling tool to simulate novel devices with complex physics. While the model has potential to predict of a narrow set of properties tied predominantly to carrier transport, its limitations point towards using more bespoke models to capture the complex physics of mode-locking.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 3","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11009133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear Dynamics of a Passively Q-Switched Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG Laser Under Triangular Wave Pump Modulation","authors":"Jiayi Bian;Zhaoqi Sun;Qiupin Wang;Tao Deng;Xiaodong Lin;Jianjun Chen;Ziye Gao","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3572867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3572867","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we theoretically investigate the nonlinear dynamics of a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG laser under the triangular wave pump modulation. The influence of the key parameters of the modulation frequency, modulation amplitude, and unmodulated pump rate on the nonlinear dynamics are analyzed. Meanwhile, the nonlinear dynamic evolution routes of the pulse peak and pulse frequency are also determined. The results show that the passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG laser can exhibit rich nonlinear dynamics, such as period-one (P1), period-two (P2), multi-period (MP), and chaotic pulsation (CP) under some suitable parameters. Furthermore, the nonlinear dynamic evolution routes of pulse peak and pulse frequency exhibit similar trends, but their intensity changes follow opposite directions.","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3549249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3549249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 1","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10935830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of Optical Maser Amplifiers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JQE.2025.3545940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.2025.3545940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13200,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143667478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}