Autism Research最新文献

{"title":"Structure and dynamics of anxiety in people with ASD and ID: A network analysis","authors":"Gema P. Sáez-Suanes","doi":"10.1002/aur.3285","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3285","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anxiety is a very common mental health disorder in the ASD population. Despite the common comorbidity this association is not well understood. To understand the relationship between anxiety symptoms and ASD in a sample of people with ASD and intellectual disability, a network analysis was carried out. One hundred and twenty-eight adults (<i>M</i> = 36.63 age, SD = 8,54) were evaluated to know the structure of anxiety symptoms in autism and their relationship with ASD symptomatology. The results showed a single network where both symptomatologies were mixed. Bridging symptoms such as fear of being touched, fear of something bad happening to them, and the need for invariance and anticipation were identified. Moreover, social issues such as difficulty in making friends were associated with anxiety symptoms. Knowing and identifying ASD symptoms that are strongly linked to the anxiety network has important implications for the prevention of anxiety in this case in people with autism and intellectual disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.3285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of exercise to benefit and harm social-cognitive abilities","authors":"Sebastian Ludyga,&nbsp;Markus Gerber","doi":"10.1002/aur.3288","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3288","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"20-21"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's social preference for teachers versus peers in autism inclusion classrooms: An objective perspective","authors":"Madison Drye,&nbsp;Chitra Banarjee,&nbsp;Lynn Perry,&nbsp;Alyssa Viggiano,&nbsp;Dwight Irvin,&nbsp;Daniel Messinger","doi":"10.1002/aur.3276","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In inclusive preschools, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) are less socially engaged with peers than are typically developing (TD) children. However, there is limited objective information describing how children with ASD engage with teachers, or how teacher engagement compares to engagement with peers. We tracked over 750 hours' worth of children's (<i>N</i> = 77; <i>N</i>_ASD = 24, <i>N</i>_DD = 23, <i>N</i>_TD = 30; <i>M</i>_age = 43.98 months) and teachers' (<i>N</i> = 12) locations and orientations across eight inclusion preschool classrooms to quantify child-teacher and child-peer social preference. Social approach velocity and time in social contact were computed for each child and compared across social partners to index children's preference for teachers over peers. Children with ASD approached teachers–-but not peers—more quickly than children with TD, and children with ASD were approached more quickly by teachers and more slowly by peers than children with TD. Children with ASD spent less time in social contact with peers and did not differ from children with TD in their time in social contact with teachers. Overall, children with ASD showed a greater preference for approaching, being approached by, and being in social contact with teachers (relative to peers) than children with TD. No significant differences emerged between children with DD and children with TD. In conclusion, children with ASD exhibited a stronger preference for engaging with teachers over peers, re-emphasizing the need for classroom-based interventions that support the peer interactions of children with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"179-194"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of mitochondrial DNA replisome in autism spectrum disorder: Exploring the role of replisome genes","authors":"Valentina Rojas,&nbsp;Carlos Carrasco-Gallardo,&nbsp;Lidia Tenorio,&nbsp;Margrethe A. Olesen,&nbsp;Victor Tapia,&nbsp;Manuel Carrasco,&nbsp;Patricio Araos,&nbsp;Rodrigo A. Quintanilla,&nbsp;Lina M. Ruiz","doi":"10.1002/aur.3277","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition often associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, including increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and impaired energy production. This study investigates the role of the mitochondrial replisome—specifically, the genes TFAM, TWNK, POLG, and TOP1MT—in mtDNA replication and its potential contribution to ASD pathophysiology. We analyzed samples from the oral mucosa of children with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls, assessing mtDNA copy number, gene expression, and protein levels. Our findings revealed a significant increase in mtDNA copy number in the oral mucosa of ASD children, along with partially deleted mtDNA molecules. However, there were no significant changes in the expression of TFAM, TWNK, POLG, or MT-TL1 genes between ASD and TD samples. Additionally, TFAM protein levels, including monomeric, dimeric, and trimeric forms, did not differ significantly. We also observed increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the oral mucosa of ASD children, suggesting that mitochondrial alterations may be linked to inflammation and oxidative damage in ASD. To further investigate the functional impact of TFAM, we overexpressed it in human HEK293 cells and cortical neurons (CN1.4). TFAM overexpression led to increased mtDNA copy number, cell proliferation, and ATP production in HEK293 cells, but did not significantly alter mitochondrial gene expression, protein oxidation, or mtDNA integrity. In CN1.4 neurons, TFAM overexpression increased mitochondrial membrane potential and length, indicating potential changes in mitochondrial dynamics. Overall, our study suggests that while mtDNA alterations are present in ASD, they are not directly driven by changes in mitochondrial replisome gene expression. These findings highlight the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD and suggest the need for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"933-953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142752551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise and autism spectrum disorder: Further considerations on cognitive and emotional impacts","authors":"Lizhen Huang,&nbsp;Mingbang Wang,&nbsp;Wenxian Huang,&nbsp;Minyu Zhang,&nbsp;Wei He","doi":"10.1002/aur.3279","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"18-19"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the causal association between celiac disease and autism spectrum disorder: A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach","authors":"Abiodun Fatoba,&nbsp;Claire Simpson","doi":"10.1002/aur.3257","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3257","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The association between celiac disease (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains inconclusive. Reports from different observational studies have become controversial, necessitating exploration of the causal relationship between CD and ASD. To assess true causality, this study used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine the causal association between CD and ASD. Summary-level data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the European population were used to select instrument variables (IVs) at genome-wide significance (<i>p</i> &lt; 5 × 10⁻⁸). The strength of IVs was also evaluated with F-statistics. The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) was the primary MR analysis, supported by other MR tests such as the weighted median method and weighted mode. The presence of horizontal pleiotropy was tested with MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO while other sensitivity analyses such as heterogeneity, leave-one-out analysis, and scatterplot were used to assess the validity of our MR results. Our study did not show an association between CD and ASD (OR, 0.994; 95% CI, 0.935–1.057; <i>p</i> = 0.859). There was also no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (MR-Egger intercept = 0.015; <i>p</i>-value = 0.223) and heterogeneity (<i>Q</i> = 14.029; <i>p</i>-value = 0.051). These results were also complemented by the leave-one-out analyses, forest plot, and scatter plot, which showed that none of the SNPs influenced the result. The result of this study shows that CD is not causally associated with ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who, when, where, and why: A systematic review of “late diagnosis” in autism","authors":"Alison S. Russell,&nbsp;Tyler C. McFayden,&nbsp;Margaret McAllister,&nbsp;Kimberly Liles,&nbsp;Sophie Bittner,&nbsp;John F. Strang,&nbsp;Clare Harrop","doi":"10.1002/aur.3278","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An autism diagnosis can be a critical milestone toward effective and affirming support. Despite the sharp increase in the number of studies focused on late diagnosis over the last 15 years, there remains no consensus as to what constitutes a late diagnosis of autism, with cutoffs ranging from infancy to middle adulthood. This preregistered systematic review evaluated (a) the field's current quantification of late diagnosis in autism, (b) how the threshold for late diagnosis varies as a function of demographic and population factors, and (c) trends over time. Of the 11,697 records retrieved, <i>N</i> = 420 articles met inclusion criteria and were extracted. Articles spanned 35 years (1989–2024) and included participants from every continent except Antarctica. Only 34.7% of included studies provided a clear threshold for “late diagnosis” (<i>n</i> = 146/420). Late diagnosis cutoffs averaged 11.53 years (range = 2–55 years; median = 6.5 years) with a bimodal distribution (3 and 18 years). The threshold for late diagnosis varied by participant location, <i>F</i>(5,140) = 10.4, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001, and sample age, <i>F</i>(5,140) = 20.1, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001. Several key rationales for age determinations emerged, including access to services, considerations for adult diagnoses, and data driven approaches. What authors consider to be a “late” diagnosis of autism varies greatly according to research context. Justifications for a specific late-diagnosis age cutoff varied, underscoring the need for authors to contextualize their conceptualizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"22-36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Heterogeneity of Self-Injurious Behaviors in Autistic Youth: Patterns, Predictors, and Implications for Intervention","authors":"Emily F. Ferguson,&nbsp;Emily Spackman,&nbsp;Ru Ying Cai,&nbsp;Antonio Y. Hardan,&nbsp;Mirko Uljarević","doi":"10.1002/aur.3269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) encompass a heterogeneous set of self-inflicted aggressive behaviors that are highly prevalent in autistic youth. Existing research on SIB in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been limited by significant methodological and conceptual inconsistencies. Thus, the current study leveraged item-level data capturing the severity of unique SIB topographies to further understanding of factors associated with distinct SIB in a sample of 582 autistic youth (<i>M</i>_age = 12.12, <i>SD</i>_age = 3.68; range: 3–19 years; 13% females). Results suggest variation in severity endorsements for specific SIB topographies amongst autistic youth, such that 30%–50% of caregivers endorsed slight to very serious concern regarding the SIB topographies of bites nails/skin/fingers, scratches self, hits head/face/neck, bangs head against things, and picks skin. Generalized additive models demonstrated distinct patterns of associations between each SIB topography and dysregulation, sensory hypersensitivity, age, sex, IQ, and language level. Findings underscore the importance of exploring SIB as a multifaceted construct to capture unique correlates of distinct SIB that vary in severity and functional impact, which is critical for the development of effective interventions. This study represents an important step towards more individualized characterization of SIB and support for diverse presentations of these behaviors in autistic youth.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"133-151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orienting to and away from the eyes in infants at high likelihood for autism when scanning faces","authors":"Qiandong Wang,&nbsp;Ying Han,&nbsp;Yixiao Hu,&nbsp;Xue Li,&nbsp;Jing Liu,&nbsp;Hui Fang,&nbsp;Tianbi Li,&nbsp;Yanmei Chang,&nbsp;Li Yi","doi":"10.1002/aur.3270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study employed eye-tracking technology to investigate the mechanisms underlying reduced gaze towards the eyes in infants at high likelihood (HL) for autism, specifically examining whether it results from avoidance triggered by heightened arousal when looking at the eyes or due to indifference to the eyes (i.e., unwilling to orient to the eyes). Infants at HL for autism and typically developing (TD) infants aged within 24 months were tested. In the experiment, participants' gaze was initially guided to the eye or mouth region immediately before the onset of the face. Latency to orient away from the guided regions, latency to orient to the eyes, and the location of the secondary fixation following the onset of the face were measured. The results showed that: (1) The HL infants looked less at eyes than TD infants; (2) Compared with TD infants, HL infants oriented towards eyes more slowly after being guided to the mouth; (3) After being guided to the eyes, HL infants' secondary fixation fell less in the eye region, and their latency to orient away from the eyes was also tended to be shorter. These results suggest that reduced eye-looking time was presented in HL infants, which was further explained by both eye avoidance and indifference to the eyes. Our study contributes theoretically to understanding the atypical face scanning pattern in autistic people and its related underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, our study provides important insights into the development of early screening tools and intervention protocols for autistic people.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradoxical relationship between cognitive abilities and camouflaging: Insights from ADHD and autism and its implications for neurodiversity research","authors":"Tina Taherkhani,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Memari","doi":"10.1002/aur.3268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}