Autism Research最新文献

{"title":"Parent Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating a Modular Behavioral Intervention for Young Autistic Children","authors":"Lynne Levato,&nbsp;Samantha Hochheimer,&nbsp;Hongyue Wang,&nbsp;Lisa Wallace,&nbsp;Susan Hyman,&nbsp;Cynthia Anderson,&nbsp;Zachary Warren,&nbsp;Eric Butter,&nbsp;Ryan Martin,&nbsp;Evon Lee,&nbsp;Tristram Smith,&nbsp;Cynthia Johnson","doi":"10.1002/aur.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We assessed parent stress and competence outcomes from participation in a randomized controlled trial of a modular behavioral intervention (Modular Approach for Young Autistic Children; MAYAC) compared to a treatment-as-usual comprehensive behavioral intervention (CBI). Throughout their participation, parents of military families were included in their child's treatment (e.g., identifying goals, learning strategies to support their child) and reported on their feelings of stress using the Parenting Stress Index—4, Short Form (PSI-4), as well as their feelings of satisfaction and efficacy as a parent on the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. A linear mixed model evaluated the differences in stress and competence from baseline to each assessment period through follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups in stress or competence ratings; however, there were within-group changes in both treatment arms over the course of the trial. In both groups, parent stress decreased, and competence increased over time, continuing to suggest that behavioral analytic intervention for young children with autism can promote positive parent outcomes.</p><p>\u0000 <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT04078061</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"675-683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untangling the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Stem Cells","authors":"Zoe Mattingly,&nbsp;Sundari Chetty","doi":"10.1002/aur.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neuro developmental condition characterized by significant genetic and phenotypic variability, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. The heterogeneity of ASD-associated genetic variants and the absence of clear causal factors in many cases complicate personalized care. Traditional models, such as postmortem brain tissue and animal studies, have provided valuable insights but are limited in capturing the dynamic processes and human-specific aspects of ASD pathology. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology have transformed ASD research by enabling the generation of patient-derived neural cells in both two-dimensional cultures and three-dimensional brain organoid models. These models retain the donor's genetic background, allowing researchers to investigate disease-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms while identifying potential therapeutic targets tailored to individual patients. This commentary highlights how stem cell-based approaches are advancing our understanding of ASD and paving the way for more personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"476-485"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilingualism Effects in Metaphor and Simile Comprehension and Production in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Maria Andreou,&nbsp;Stella Lampri,&nbsp;Theodoros Marinis,&nbsp;Eleni Peristeri","doi":"10.1002/aur.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Figurative language, including metaphors and similes, is a crucial component of communication; yet, it presents significant challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A critical gap in existing research is the impact of bilingualism on the ability of children with ASD to understand and produce non-literal speech. This study addresses this gap by examining the comprehension and production of metaphors and similes in monolingual and bilingual Greek-speaking children with high-functioning ASD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate these abilities in bilingual children with ASD. Thirty-three monolingual and 18 bilingual children participated in tasks designed to assess comprehension, production, and error patterns for metaphors and similes. The study has also investigated the roles of non-verbal intelligence, language skills (expressive vocabulary), and executive functions (working memory) in the children's performance in the metaphor and simile tasks. Results showed that the two groups did not differ in metaphor comprehension; however, bilingual autistic children with higher non-verbal intelligence appeared to have superior performance in metaphor comprehension compared to their bilingual peers with lower non-verbal intelligence. The bilingual autistic children outperformed their monolingual peers in metaphor production, likely due to their higher non-verbal intelligence ability, despite the fact that the bilingual group had lower expressive vocabulary scores than the monolingual children. Simile comprehension, on the other hand, favored monolingual children, while no significant group differences were observed in simile production. Regarding errors, both groups exhibited similar error patterns, with literal interpretations being the dominant error type across both groups, suggesting that pragmatic language difficulty is a hallmark feature in ASD. The findings challenge the misconception that bilingualism hinders language development in children with ASD and highlight its potential to provide benefits in the realm of non-literal language processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"632-647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Internal Consistency of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Gastrointestinal and Related Behaviors Inventory and the Frequency and Socio-Emotional Correlates of Gastrointestinal Difficulties in Children With the Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Sanja Lestarevic,&nbsp;Marija Mihailovich,&nbsp;Milica Vlaisavljevic,&nbsp;Marko Kalanj,&nbsp;Roberto Grujicic,&nbsp;Vanja Mandic Maravic,&nbsp;Marija Mitkovic-Voncina,&nbsp;Calliope Holingue,&nbsp;Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic","doi":"10.1002/aur.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gastrointestinal (GI) difficulties are common in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, these difficulties can frequently remain unrecognized. Therefore, we aimed to translate a newly developed instrument, <i>The Autism Spectrum Disorder Gastrointestinal and Related Behaviors Inventory in Children</i> (ASD-GIRBI), to assess its reliability and to explore the frequency of various gastrointestinal difficulties and related behaviors, as well as to explore the association of GI difficulties with the measures of social functioning and emotional and behavioral difficulties in children with ASD. A total of 98 children and adolescents (aged 4–18 [<i>M</i>\u0000 ^age = 10.67 ± 3.705], 82.7% male), previously diagnosed with ASD at the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade, Serbia, took part in this research. Their parents filled out the following questionnaires: ASD-GIRBI (an assessment of gastrointestinal and related symptoms), Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS) (a measure of social functioning) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (a measure of emotional and behavioral problems). Our results indicate that the ASD-GIRBI is a reliable instrument for GI difficulties assessment (Cronbach's <i>α</i> = 0.841) with the total score successfully discriminating between the participants with and without a GI disorder diagnosis (<i>p</i> = 0.040). Any gastrointestinal symptom was present in 54.1% of the participants, most commonly flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation. The severity of gastrointestinal difficulties correlated to emotional problems (<i>r</i> = 0.261, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), conduct problems (<i>r</i> = 0.219, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), hyperactivity (<i>r</i> = 0.381, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), peer problems (<i>r</i> = 0.266, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), total difficulties (<i>r</i> = 0.454, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and total difficulties impact (<i>r</i> = 0.321, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Our data emphasize the potential importance of GI difficulties for various areas of functioning of individuals with ASD.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"515-527"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Factor Structure and Validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Short Version When Used With Autistic Psychiatric Inpatients","authors":"Kate Maguire,&nbsp;Magali Barnoux,&nbsp;Josie Collins,&nbsp;Clare L. Melvin,&nbsp;Ismay Inkson,&nbsp;Regi T. Alexander,&nbsp;John Devapriam,&nbsp;Conor Duggan,&nbsp;Lee Shepstone,&nbsp;Ekkehart Staufenburg,&nbsp;Paul Thompson,&nbsp;David Turner,&nbsp;Essi Viding,&nbsp;Peter E. Langdon","doi":"10.1002/aur.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Psychopathy Checklist Short Version (PCL:SV) is a brief measure of psychopathy. This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the PCL:SV with autistic adults detained in inpatient psychiatric care. Data were collected from 282 autistic adults at two time points separated by 12-months. Reliability and validity were investigated using omega, regression, receiver operating characteristic curves, and correlational analysis. PCL:SV Total, Factor 1, and Factor 2 had satisfactory to high reliability and construct validity. Higher PCL:SV scores were associated with poorer treatment progress, a longer length of stay, and previous criminal offending. Factor 1 was associated with a forensic history, detention under Part III of the Mental Health Act, and a personality disorder diagnosis, while Factor 2 was also associated with the absence of a forensic history, detention under Part II of the Mental Health Act, but not a personality disorder diagnosis. It was thought that Factor 2 most likely captured data associated with autism and/or intellectual disabilities (e.g., behaviors that challenge). Those with intellectual disabilities were less likely to have convictions, a history of violent offending, or a forensic history. They were also more likely to be detained under Part II of the Mental Health Act, and were more likely to have had a positive transfer 12-months later to a ward with lesser security. The PCL-SV correlated as expected with the HCR-20 and the START. This study provides preliminary evidence to support the use of the PCL:SV with autistic adults, including those with intellectual disabilities, within inpatient psychiatric hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"614-631"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensorimotor Behavior in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Unaffected Biological Parents","authors":"Erin K. Bojanek,&nbsp;Shannon E. Kelly,&nbsp;Lauren M. Schmitt,&nbsp;Stormi L. Pulver,&nbsp;John A. Sweeney,&nbsp;Andreas Sprenger,&nbsp;Kathryn E. Unruh,&nbsp;Matthew W. Mosconi","doi":"10.1002/aur.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sensorimotor impairments are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and evident in unaffected first-degree relatives, suggesting that they may serve as endophenotypes associated with inherited autism likelihood. We tested the familiality of sensorimotor impairments in autism across multiple motor behaviors and effector systems and in relation to parental broader autism phenotypic (BAP) characteristics. Fifty-seven autistic individuals (probands), 109 parents, and 89 neurotypical control participants completed tests of manual motor and oculomotor control. Sensorimotor tests varied in their involvement of <i>rapid</i>, feedforward control and <i>sustained</i>, sensory feedback control processes. Subgroup analyses compared families with at least one parent showing BAP traits (BAP+) and those in which neither parent showed BAP traits (BAP−). Results show that probands with BAP− parents (BAP− probands) showed atypical control of rapid oculomotor behaviors, while BAP+ probands showed impairments of sustained manual motor and oculomotor behaviors compared to controls. BAP− parents showed impaired rapid oculomotor and sustained manual motor abilities relative to BAP+ parents and controls. Rapid oculomotor behaviors were highly intercorrelated among probands and their biological parents. These findings indicate that rapid oculomotor behaviors are selectively impacted in BAP− probands and their parents and may reflect a familial likelihood for autism independent of parental autistic traits. In contrast, sustained sensorimotor behaviors were affected in BAP+ probands and BAP− parents, suggesting separate familial pathways associated with autism. Finally, atypical saccade dynamics may serve as strong endophenotypes for autism. These findings provide new evidence that rapid and sustained sensorimotor alterations represent strong but separate familial pathways of inherited likelihood for autism.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"498-514"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Affective Theory of Mind on Autistic Individual's Perception of Remorse","authors":"Qi Sheng Tan,&nbsp;Nathan Weber,&nbsp;Alliyza Lim,&nbsp;Robyn L. Young","doi":"10.1002/aur.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous research indicates that difficulties with expressing remorse may contribute to the longer sentences autistic individuals receive within the criminal justice system. These differences in remorse expression may stem from their reduced ability to perceive emotions in others. This study investigated the association between an individual's level of autistic traits and their remorse perception ability. We also examined the influence of Affective Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand others' emotional experiences, in remorse perception. We thought that the more autistic traits with which a person presented, the poorer their ability to perceive remorse would be, with overall ToM and affective ToM serving as mediating factors. Forty-five autistic and 47 non-autistic individuals assessed a series of facial expressions to determine the perceived level of remorse in each face. Results revealed that neither the combination of autistic traits nor any individual trait was significantly correlated with remorse perception ability. Additionally, autistic traits did not indirectly impact the perception of remorse through either overall ToM or affective ToM. These findings imply that individuals with high autistic traits, regardless of their perspective-taking abilities, exhibit similar capacities for perceiving remorseful expressions to those with less autistic traits—at least when the stimuli are static. Future research should investigate the differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals in perceiving remorse through different modalities of emotional expression, including behavioral and verbal cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"604-613"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationships, Employment, Autonomy, and Life Satisfaction (REALS) Measures for Autistic Adults and Adults With Other Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Psychometric Testing of the Self-Report and Proxy Versions","authors":"Caitlin M. Conner,&nbsp;Lan Yu,&nbsp;Kristen T. MacKenzie,&nbsp;Katharine N. Zeglen,&nbsp;Elizabeth L. Rutenberg,&nbsp;Paul A. Pilkonis,&nbsp;Shaun M. Eack,&nbsp;Carla A. Mazefsky","doi":"10.1002/aur.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research and clinical work demonstrate that adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs; including autistic adults and adults with other IDDs) struggle with key outcomes in adult life, including social relationships, employment, autonomy, and life satisfaction. However, few validated measures exist to measure these outcomes in adults with IDDs. The Relationships, Employment, Autonomy, and Life Satisfaction (REALS) Measures were created using methods developed by the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) to assess these outcomes. Large item pools were generated for the four domains, and, in field testing, 875 adults with IDDs (90% autistic; 18.4% with intellectual disability or a non-autism IDD) and 911 proxy reporters (caregivers; 79% autistic; 48.3% with intellectual disability or a non-autism IDD) completed 108 and 74 items, respectively, using response options capturing frequency, level of support needed, and satisfaction. The structure and item content of the REALS Measures were determined through an iterative process using both classical test theory and item response theory analyses. The final versions include 19 self-report and 14 proxy-report measures, with a range of 3 to 14 items each. The measures have excellent psychometric properties, high precision, and acceptable respondent burden. Thus, they are applicable for service provision, clinical, and research arenas for autistic adults and adults with other IDDs, though additional testing in IDD is warranted and evidence supporting self-report use in IDD is more limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"583-603"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent Outcomes Following Participation in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Autistic Children in a Community Setting: Parent Mental Health, Mindful Parenting, and Parenting Practices","authors":"Alaa T. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Vivian Lee,&nbsp;Nisha Vashi,&nbsp;Flora Roudbarani,&nbsp;Paula Tablon Modica,&nbsp;Ava Pouyandeh,&nbsp;Teresa Sellitto,&nbsp;Stephanie H. Ameis,&nbsp;Alex Elkader,&nbsp;Kylie M. Gray,&nbsp;Connor M. Kerns,&nbsp;Meng-Chuan Lai,&nbsp;Johanna Lake,&nbsp;Kendra Thomson,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Weiss","doi":"10.1002/aur.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parents of autistic children are at a higher risk for mental health problems, including anxiety, depression, and stress. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) that targets children's emotion regulation may have an indirect influence on parent outcomes, especially if they play a supporting role in their child's intervention. However, most CBT interventions have been carried out in highly controlled research settings and there are a few studies that examined parental outcomes after participating in autistic child-focused CBT within a community setting. The current study examined parent outcomes (i.e., mental health problems, mindful parenting, and parenting practices) following a community-based CBT program with concurrent parent involvement for autistic children, as well as associations between changes in parent and child outcomes (i.e., autism symptoms and emotion dysregulation). Participants included 77 parent–child dyads across seven community organizations in Ontario, Canada. Parents reported improved mindful parenting and positive parenting practices post-intervention, and no significant changes in their mental health. Multiple mediation analyses revealed that positive changes in parent outcomes (i.e., mindful parenting and parenting practices) were associated with positive changes in child emotion regulation. These positive changes in parenting practices mediated the relationship between mindful parenting and child emotion regulation. Results suggest that participating in community-based CBT is mutually beneficial for autistic children and their parents, particularly in improving parenting behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"570-582"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Sensitivity Symptoms and Autistic Traits in Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults","authors":"Sarah Grant,&nbsp;Sam Norton,&nbsp;Rosa A. Hoekstra","doi":"10.1002/aur.3297","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.3297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Central sensitivity syndromes (CSSs) are a group of health conditions thought to include an underlying sensitisation of the central nervous system. Evidence suggests autistic adults experience poorer physical health than the general population and are more likely to have a CSS. This study examined CSS diagnoses and symptoms in autistic and non-autistic adults, to determine whether CSS symptoms were related to autistic traits, mental health, sensory sensitivity, age or gender. Participants included 534 adults with clinical diagnoses of autism, CSS, both diagnoses or neither (i.e., comparison group), who were recruited through social media, support groups and institutional affiliations. Participants completed online self-report validated questionnaires, including the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ), and the PHQ-9 and GAD-7. Autistic people without a diagnosed CSS reported significantly more CSS symptoms than the comparison group, with a mean score above the clinical cut-off. Non-autistic participants with a CSS had significantly more autistic traits than the comparison group. Autistic people with a CSS reported the most sensory sensitivity, with autism only and CSS only groups reporting similar levels of sensory sensitivity and all diagnostic groups reporting more sensory sensitivity than the comparison group. Sensory sensitivity, anxiety, autistic traits, age and gender were all significant predictors of CSS symptoms. The overlap in symptoms between autistic individuals and those with CSS suggests diagnostic overshadowing and possible under-diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Furthermore, these symptoms may exacerbate or mask one another. Notwithstanding potential limitations of representativeness and selection bias, increased awareness of the association between autistic traits and CSS symptoms is important for clinicians to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"660-674"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.3297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}