Autism Research最新文献

{"title":"Disrupted Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Social Visual Pathway in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Chenhao Li,&nbsp;Haesoo Park,&nbsp;Jitendra Awasthi,&nbsp;Max Rolison,&nbsp;Mingfei Li,&nbsp;Dustin Scheinost,&nbsp;Katarzyna Chawarska,&nbsp;Michelle Hampson","doi":"10.1002/aur.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The social visual pathway, which diverges from the dorsal pathway at the visual motion area (MT/V5) and runs from the posterior down to anterior portions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), specializes in processing dynamic social information. This study examined resting-state functional connectivity within this pathway in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) children. Using data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) repository, we found significant hypoconnectivity between the posterior and middle STS (pSTS–mSTS) in the right hemisphere in children with ASD compared to those in TD children. Lower connectivity in this region of the pathway correlated with more severe social symptoms in ASD and higher indices of social communication vulnerabilities in the combined ASD and TD groups. These findings suggest that a specific disruption in the right hemisphere social visual pathway in children with ASD potentially contributes to their social difficulties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"1024-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of Mind Mediates the Association Between Autistic Traits and Social Isolation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults","authors":"Gloria Hei Man Lo,&nbsp;Clemie Dale,&nbsp;Francesca Happé,&nbsp;Gavin R. Stewart","doi":"10.1002/aur.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social isolation has detrimental effects on wellbeing. While isolation can occur at any age, its prevalence has been found to increase in older adulthood. Populations with social functioning differences, such as autistic people, have also been found to be at particular risk of isolation across the lifespan, including in older age. Despite the widespread impacts of isolation, little is known about the underlying factors that may contribute to social isolation in autistic people and the general populations. While social isolation has been linked to autistic traits and theory of mind (ToM), no study has yet considered their inter-relationship. Taking a dimensional approach to autistic traits, this study examined the association between autistic traits (assessed by the AQ-10), ToM (CarToM and Frith–Happé Triangles) and social isolation (Lubben Social Connectedness Scale) among 111 adults (<i>n</i> = 53 autistic, 58 non-autistic), aged 40–86 years. The study also assessed the putative mediating role of ToM in the association between autistic traits and isolation. Pearson correlational analyses showed middle-aged and older adults with higher social connectedness reported fewer autistic traits and showed better performance in ToM tasks, even when accounting for the effect of age and mental health symptoms. Mediation analyses suggested the association between autistic traits and social isolation was partially mediated by ToM when age and mental health symptoms were accounted for. These findings suggest one possible mechanism for the experience of social isolation. Additionally, the findings highlight that autistic people and people with high autistic traits may be particularly susceptible to social isolation in midlife and older age, and may benefit from additional support and possible interventions to maintain desired levels of social connectedness in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 6","pages":"1234-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Phenotypic and Genotypic Differences Between Individuals Affected by Regressive and Non-Regressive Autism: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni,&nbsp;Alana Iaboni,&nbsp;Brett Trost,&nbsp;Miriam Reuter,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Lindenmaier,&nbsp;Azadeh Kushki,&nbsp;Elizabeth Kelley,&nbsp;Jessica Jones,&nbsp;Muhammed Ayub,&nbsp;Stelios Georgiades,&nbsp;Robert Nicolson,&nbsp;Elim Chan,&nbsp;Andrada Cretu,&nbsp;Jessica Brian,&nbsp;Evdokia Anagnostou","doi":"10.1002/aur.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Development among autistic youth varies widely. A subgroup of children experiences regression, defined as the loss of previously acquired developmental skills. Various genetic and environmental factors have been suggested as potential contributors. This study aimed to compare the developmental profiles of children and youth with regression to those without and identify factors associated with regression. Data from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network was analyzed, including 930 eligible participants. Regression classification was based on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R). Differences in demographic information, medical history, mental health, cognitive and adaptive functioning, and molecular genetic findings were examined between individuals with regressive and non-regressive autism. Among participants, 211 (22.7%) had regressive autism. Lower Full-Scale IQ (<i>p corrected</i> = 0.015) and adaptive function (ABAS-2) scores (<i>p corrected</i> = 0.015) were identified in the regressive group. No statistically significant differences in mental health outcomes (measured by the Child Behavior Checklist, CBCL) or socialization and core symptom severity (measured by the Social Communication Questionnaire, SCQ) were found. There were no notable differences in other factors hypothesized to contribute to regression, such as pregnancy duration, family history of autism, caregivers' education levels, or sleep disorders, except for a higher prevalence of epilepsy in the regressive group (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Rare and common genetic features of both groups are described. In conclusion, autistic youth with regression tend to have lower cognitive and adaptive scores and may experience higher epilepsy rates. Further powered studies are needed to explore the genomic architecture of autistic regression.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 6","pages":"1290-1300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Digital Phenotyping in Preschool- and School-Age Children","authors":"Vikram Aikat,&nbsp;Kimberly L. H. Carpenter,&nbsp;Pradeep Raj Krishnappa Babu,&nbsp;J. Matias Di Martino,&nbsp;Steven Espinosa,&nbsp;Scott Compton,&nbsp;Naomi Davis,&nbsp;Lauren Franz,&nbsp;Marina Spanos,&nbsp;Guillermo Sapiro,&nbsp;Geraldine Dawson","doi":"10.1002/aur.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a critical need for scalable and objective tools for autism screening and outcome monitoring, which can be used alongside traditional caregiver and clinical measures. To address this need, we developed SenseToKnow, a tablet- or smartphone-based digital phenotyping application (app), which uses computer vision and touch data to measure several autism-related behavioral features, such as social attention, facial and head movements, and visual-motor skills. Our previous work demonstrated that the SenseToKnow app can accurately detect and quantify behavioral signs of autism in 18–40-month-old toddlers. In the present study, we administered the SenseToKnow app on an iPad to 149 preschool- and school-age children (45 neurotypical and 104 autistic) between 3 and 8 years of age. Results revealed significant group differences between autistic and neurotypical children in terms of several behavioral features, which remained after controlling for sex and age. Repeat administration with a subgroup demonstrated stability in the individual digital phenotypes. Examining correlations between the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and individual digital phenotypes, we found that autistic children with higher levels of communication, daily living, socialization, motor, and adaptive skills exhibited higher levels of social attention and coordinated gaze with speech, less frequent head movements, higher complexity of facial movements, higher overall attention, lower blink rates, and higher visual motor skills, demonstrating convergent validity between app features and clinical measures. App features were also significantly correlated with ratings on the Social Responsiveness Scale. These results suggest that the SenseToKnow app can be used as an accessible, scalable, and objective digital tool to measure autism-related behaviors in preschool- and school-age children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 6","pages":"1217-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Among Medicare and Medicaid Enrolled Autistic Adults, 2011–2019","authors":"Salina Tewolde,&nbsp;Samuel B. Rosenberg,&nbsp;Josue Antonio G. Estrada,&nbsp;Marcia Pescador Jimenez,&nbsp;Ashley Scott,&nbsp;Alianna Higgins,&nbsp;Eric Rubenstein","doi":"10.1002/aur.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are burdensome and lethal conditions that have been hypothesized to be related to autism through shared genetic etiologies and environmental risk factors. Our objective was to use longitudinal Medicaid and Medicare data to describe the epidemiology of ADRD in publicly insured autistic adults. We used all claims and encounters from 2011 to 2019 to identify autism and ADRD. We calculated prevalence, incidence, age at onset, and created survival curves. There were 90,229 autistic adults ≥ 30 years of age and enrolled for at least 1 year in Medicaid and/or Medicare and 267 ADRD cases. Prevalence of ADRD was 2.09% (95% CI: 1.99%, 2.20%) in 2011 and 8.11% (95% CI: 7.92%, 8.30%) in 2019. Mean age at ADRD onset was 59.3 years (SD: 14.2). Mean age among men was 58.3 years (SD: 13.8) and 61.0 years among females. Incidence of ADRD was higher in autistic adults with intellectual disability with no difference by sex. ADRD is a prevalent condition in middle- and older-aged adults identified with autism in the Medicaid and Medicare system. Understanding the diagnostic process and phenotype of ADRD will be important to improve identification and treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"1077-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Maternal Alcohol Exposure During the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Relation to Early Learning Ability, Behavioral Problems, and Autistic Traits in Preschool Children With or Without Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Lin H. Tian,&nbsp;Brain Barger,&nbsp;Karen Pazol,&nbsp;Laura A. Schieve,&nbsp;Jacquelyn Bertrand,&nbsp;Carolyn DiGuiseppi,&nbsp;April D. Summers,&nbsp;Alicia Dunajcik,&nbsp;Lucinda England,&nbsp;Tessa L. Crume,&nbsp;Lisa D. Wiggins","doi":"10.1002/aur.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prenatal alcohol exposure has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, its effects on developmental outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain unclear. We examined associations between prenatal alcohol exposure during the first trimester (PAE-FT) and early learning ability, behavioral problems, and severity of autistic traits in preschool-aged children in a large multi-site case–control study, the Study to Explore Early Development. Children were classified as ASD (<i>n</i> = 1237) or population comparison without ASD (POP, <i>n</i> = 1334) after an in-person assessment covering cognitive abilities and detailed autistic traits. Mothers completed questionnaires on their child's behavior and autism-related traits, as well as their alcohol use during pregnancy. Of children in the ASD and POP groups, 18.5% and 20.2%, respectively, were exposed to PAE-FT. Exposure to 3 or more alcoholic drinks per week was associated with increased externalizing behaviors (i.e., attention deficits and aggressive behaviors) in children in both the ASD and POP groups, and with exacerbated social communication and interaction deficits in children with ASD only. First trimester exposure to 1–2 alcoholic drinks per week was associated with early learning delays for children in the ASD group, but not the POP group. As expected, our findings suggest that PAE-FT is associated with adverse behavioral development of children regardless of ASD status. However, PAE-FT may exacerbate autism-specific developmental problems and learning difficulties in children with ASD. Gathering a prenatal alcohol exposure history for children with and without ASD could contribute to a better understanding of developmental trajectories, aiding informed decisions for interventions and support.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"1087-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor-Communication Skill Link in Minimally Speaking Children on the Autism Spectrum from the U.S. and India","authors":"Suma Suswaram,&nbsp;Kristen Muller","doi":"10.1002/aur.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to examine the interrelations between motor and communication skills, as well as associations between motor skill subdomains and different communicative functions in minimally speaking children on the autism spectrum, whereas accounting for the child's age, country of residence, educational setting, and communication modalities (covariates). Data from 67 minimally speaking children on the autism spectrum (ages 4–9) from India and the U.S. were analyzed. Motor and communication skills were assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales–Third Edition and the Communication Matrix. Linear regression was used to examine associations between communication and motor skills, and partial correlations were conducted to explore relations between motor skill subdomains and communicative functions. Motor skills were significantly associated with communication skills, independent of covariates. Significant relations were also observed between both motor skill subdomains and refusal functions, as well as between gross motor skills and the obtain function. No significant associations were found between social or information functions and any motor skill subdomain, independent of covariates. The findings underscore the complex and interrelated nature of motor and communication skills. Consideration of both motor and communication skills in intervention approaches may provide insights into ways to support communication development in minimally speaking children on the autism spectrum.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 6","pages":"1206-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Expression Databases and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review","authors":"Rishabh Pandey,&nbsp;Braj Bhushan","doi":"10.1002/aur.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emotion recognition (ER) deficit in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is widely accepted, and a variety of research was done to assess the deficit in ER under various conditions and intervention research to augment emotion recognition in mostly children with ASD. This scoping review attempted to summarize the diverse research in the context of ER in ASD with a focus on the facial expression databases used for research and intervention. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed, and 80 studies were selected after a search from electronic research databases like <i>Web of Science</i> and <i>PubMed</i> with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The trends indicate a small sample size with mostly children as a sample and the ASD group with their matched counterparts. The results show mixed findings; the majority of work indicates a deficit in facial emotion recognition in ASD, but under certain stimuli and conditions, ASD performs well in facial emotion recognition. The interventions showed promising results with increased ER ability in children with ASD. The review also focused on the moderating factors in the study of ER, such as age, IQ, comorbidity, task paradigm, and cultural factors. A small subset of facial expression databases was widely used in the research and intervention, and it has been developed and validated in Western countries. Research gaps were highlighted, and recommendations for future directions were mentioned.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 7","pages":"1314-1329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is Distinctive About Autism Arising Following Severe Institutional Deprivation? A Direct Comparison With a Community Sample of Early Diagnosed Autistic People","authors":"Maria Rodriguez-Perez,&nbsp;Susie Chandler,&nbsp;Mark Kennedy,&nbsp;Tony Charman,&nbsp;Emily Simonoff,&nbsp;Edmund Sonuga-Barke","doi":"10.1002/aur.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the English and Romanian Adoptees study, a substantial proportion of adoptees who suffered extended severe deprivation (26 of 101) displayed autistic characteristics termed quasi-autism (QA). Here we directly compare this group with a community sample of early diagnosed autistic individuals (community autism; CA). First, we characterized the QA autism symptom profile (61.5% females) by calculating which of the 32 Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) items were statistically more common in the QA group than in a control group of 52 non-deprived UK adoptees (UK Control, 34.6% females) at ages 11, 15, and/or 23 years of age. The latent structure of these QA-characteristic items was explored using confirmatory factor analyses. Second, we compared the QA symptom profiles with CA profiles using a sample from the QUEST study (Salazar et al. 2015). To do this, we identified two QUEST groups, one aged 11 years on average (<i>n</i> = 21) and one aged 15 years (<i>n</i> = 24). The former were compared to ERA SCQ scores at age 11, and the latter at age 15. Nineteen SCQ items were statistically significantly more common in the QA group than in the ERA UK control group at ages 11 and 15. Ten differences persisted into adulthood. These QA-characteristic items ranged across and mapped onto all three standard SCQ domains (social reciprocity, communication, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors). The age 11 CA group scored higher than QA at 11 years across each subscale when all items were considered. However, when only QA-characteristic items were included, only scores for the Repetitive and Stereotyped subscale differentiated QA and CA. When the age 15 comparison was made, no differences were found between CA and QA subscales. QA and CA were associated with similar levels of emotional and conduct problems and overactivity/inattention levels. QA shared many features with CA. QA difficulties extended across all autism domains and were associated to a similar degree with emotional and behavioral problems. However, there were some distinctive elements. Compared to the classic autism profile, the communication domain mainly comprised persistent abnormalities of linguistic expression. In contrast, social reciprocity problems were diffuse, less severe, and declined over time. QA-characteristic repetitive and stereotyped behaviors are broadly expressed and endure into adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 5","pages":"1062-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household Income, Maternal Allostatic Load During Pregnancy, and Offspring With Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Shuhei Terada,&nbsp;Shoji F. Nakayama,&nbsp;Takeo Fujiwara,&nbsp;The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group","doi":"10.1002/aur.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aur.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relative maternal poverty is a suggested social determinant of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring; however, this association may be confounded by the maternal broader autism phenotype (BAP). The biological mechanisms underlying this association are largely understudied. We examined the association between household income during pregnancy and ASDs in offspring, adjusting for confounders including maternal BAP, and explored whether maternal chronic stress, measured by allostatic load (AL) during pregnancy, mediates this association. Data on 59,998 mother–child dyads were obtained from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort. Household income was categorized into tertiles (&lt; 4 million, 4–6 million, &gt; 6 million JPY) and offspring ASD diagnosis by age four was assessed via guardian's report. Bayesian logistic regression models indicated that mothers from low- and middle-income households had a 58% (95% credible interval [CI]: 28%–98%) and a 37% (95% CI: 12%–70%) higher risk of offspring ASDs, respectively, compared to those from high-income households. AL, defined as three or more out of 10 biomarkers in the highest risk quartile, did not mediate these associations. Low and middle household income during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of ASD diagnosis, and high AL did not mediate this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":131,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research","volume":"18 4","pages":"881-890"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aur.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}