Hydrometallurgy最新文献

{"title":"Review of leaching, separation and recovery of vanadium from roasted products of vanadium slag","authors":"Changqing Li ,&nbsp;Tao Jiang ,&nbsp;Jing Wen ,&nbsp;Tangxia Yu ,&nbsp;Feifei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vanadium is a strategic metal with extensive applications in steel production and emerging energy technologies. In vanadium metallurgy, the pivotal steps encompass the roasting of vanadium slag, leaching, and precipitation of vanadium. The roasting process, which involves elements such as sodium, calcium, manganese, and magnesium, facilitates the phase transformation and extraction of vanadium. Considering the phase separation behavior of vanadium-enriched phases (MV₂O₆, MV₂O₇, or MV₂O₈) in various leaching media, including acid, alkali, and water, the wet decomposition of these phases can be classified into two categories: (i) those yielding insoluble M and soluble V and (ii) those resulting in both soluble M and V. Thermodynamically, the reaction equilibrium constants and temperature profiles of the vanadium-rich phases in various acid and alkaline decomposition processes were calculated and juxtaposed. This review also reports the limiting factors of leaching kinetics of vanadium-rich phases in acid and alkaline decomposition processes, particularly the separation and transformation of vanadium-rich phases in calcified vanadium slag. The vanadium precipitation process encompasses a detailed elaboration of the mechanisms behind the precipitation of hydrolyzed vanadium product and ammonium‑vanadium product. Finally, the vanadium slag roasting-leaching‑vanadium precipitation process was evaluated from four aspects: principle, laboratory and plant practice, resource and environment, and cost and benefit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reductive leaching of bauxite residue and subsequent scandium extraction by sulphuric acid leaching – Preliminary evaluation","authors":"A. Shoppert ,&nbsp;D. Valeev ,&nbsp;M.M. Diallo ,&nbsp;J. Napol'skikh ,&nbsp;I. Loginova","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bauxite residue (BR) is a by-product of bauxite refining using Bayer process for alumina production, which contains numerous valuable components: iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and rare earth elements such as scandium (Sc). The main issue of previous research for the Sc extraction from BR was the low extraction efficiency or high Fe co-extraction. This article shows that Fe co-extraction can be significantly reduced after reductive leaching of BR in the presence of Fe(II). This effect was achieved due to the formation of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) after reductive leaching of bauxite. Magnetite is practically insoluble in H₂SO₄ at pH &gt; 2. The effect of temperature (T), time (t) and liquid to solid ratio (L:S ratio) on the leaching process was revealed. The results show that under optimum conditions (pH = 2, <em>T</em> = 90 °C, <em>t</em> = 2 h, L:S ratio = 10:1), Sc extraction can reach 57%, with a simultaneous co-extraction of Fe &lt;1.3%. At the same parameters about 10% of Fe is extracted from the raw BR. The Fe content in the residue after leaching increased from 58.3 to 66.2 wt%, corresponding to the iron concentrate. Thus, the Sc extraction from a modified BR by dilute H₂SO₄ creates the conditions for the complete valorization of this technogenic waste, and improved extraction selectivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dibutylamide hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent used for selective extraction of Au(III) from hydrochloric acid medium","authors":"Ronghao Liu,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolu Yin,&nbsp;Yanzhao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effective and environmentally friendly recovery of gold from secondary resources has recently received increased attention. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) composed of <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-di-butylacetamide and 1-decanoic acid was used to construct the liquid-liquid extraction system to extract Au(III) from HCl medium. At first, DSC, TGA, FT-IR, and ¹H NMR were used to describe the evidence of internal hydrogen bond interaction. The above evidence was verified in the molecular dynamics study of HDES. Then, a series of optimization experiments were carried out to investigate the extraction behaviors of HDES. Based on the results of optimization experiments, response surface method was used to explore the best experimental conditions and the results showed that HDES extracted 99% Au(III) under 0.56 mol/L HCl, 2.19 mol/L NaCl, and 5.83 mmol/L Au(III), and the maximum loading reached 77.0 mg/g. Further studies on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the extraction were used to propose an ion association mechanism. In addition, using 0.1 mol/L thiourea as the stripping agent, HDES displayed outstanding Au(III) selectivity and maintained the extraction efficiency in tests which involved 5-cycles. Overall, this study provides a green and efficient Au(III) recovery strategy for secondary resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140604474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel bidentate diamide ligand DODQ for the separation of uranium and rare earth ions in nitric acid medium","authors":"Miaomiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Su ,&nbsp;Heng Zhao ,&nbsp;Chengjin Xu ,&nbsp;Jiahui Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiujing Peng ,&nbsp;Guoxin Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High efficiency extractants play a necessary role in the selective removal of uranium from rare earth minerals. In this paper, a novel cyclic bidentate diamine extractant, 1, 4-dioctyl-1, 4-dihydroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (DODQ), was synthesized, and the complexation and extraction of UO₂²⁺ in nitric acid medium were systematically studied. The results indicate that DODQ exhibits a unique combination of properties in removing UO₂²⁺, with an extraction capacity 132 times higher than that of DODPhOA (acyclic structure). Extraction isotherm experiments and slope analyses illustrate the formation of a 1:1 DODQ/UO₂²⁺ regime during the extraction process. Electrospray mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray crystal diffraction analyses further corroborated its stoichiometric properties. In addition, DODQ can remove UO₂²⁺ from rare earth solutions containing UO₂²⁺ with high selectivity. This study provides an alternative method to separate uranium from the leaching solution of rare earth ore and has a new understanding of the coordination and complexing behavior of UO₂²⁺ with bidentate oxygen-containing ligands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mechanical activation and HNO3 pre-treatment of Pulmoddai ilmenite for the extraction of Ti and TiO2 using H2SO4, HCl, and KOH-assisted leaching","authors":"G.N.T. Jayalath ,&nbsp;U.G.T. Nishadini ,&nbsp;H.M.B.N. Wickramasooriya ,&nbsp;H.C.S. Subasinghe,&nbsp;Amila Sandaruwan Ratnayake","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mild leaching with HNO₃ acid can be suggested as a potential pre-treatment technique for removing most impurities found in ilmenite which has not been properly investigated yet. This study examines the mild HNO₃ leaching behavior of ball-milled ilmenite as a novel pre-treatment method to produce high-purity synthetic rutile. Ilmenite was mechanically activated for 1 h at 500 rpm which was then reacted with 1 M HNO₃ acid solution in the solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) of 1:5 (<em>w</em>/<em>v</em>) at 90 °C, 300 rpm, for 2 h to obtain pretreated (ball-milled and ball-milled-mild-leached) ilmenite. The ball-milled ilmenite and ball-milled-mild-leached ilmenite were then reacted with varying concentrations of H₂SO₄, HCl, and KOH solutions at predetermined conditions. Titanium and iron extraction, TiO₂ purity, phase transformations, surface morphologies, and relative elemental abundances were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), respectively. The initial mild leaching process removed V₂O₅, MgO, MnO, CaO, and Al₂O₃ impurities. The crystallinity indices of ball-milled ilmenite (39.7%) and ball-milled-mild-leached ilmenite (56.7%) indicate the effect of ball milling and mild leaching, respectively. The maximum Ti extraction of ball-milled-mild-leached ilmenite obtained from the sulfate method, chloride method, and alkaline method were 62.1%, 13.2%, and 41.8%, respectively. However, the Ti extraction of ball-milled-mild-leached ilmenite is relatively low compared to ball-milled ilmenite based on percentage extractions. Therefore, the HNO₃ mild leaching process is important to remove impurities, and mechanical activation is more suitable for efficient Ti extraction than a combined step with leaching.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140604475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of metals on recovery of gold from ammoniacal thiosulphate leach solutions by precipitation using trimercapto-s-triazine (TMT)","authors":"F. Ahlatci ,&nbsp;E. Yilmaz ,&nbsp;E.Y. Yazici ,&nbsp;O. Celep ,&nbsp;H. Deveci","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are significant technical challenges/shortcomings in recovering gold from thiosulphate leach solutions. This study presents a new approach for the recovery of gold from ammoniacal thiosulphate leach solutions using an environmentally friendly organo-sulphide reagent, trimercapto-<em>s</em>-triazine (TMT; C₃N₃S₃³⁻). Precipitation of gold by TMT was investigated using synthetic gold and multi-metal solutions (Au-Ag, Au-Cu, Au-Ag-Cu) to investigate the effect of the co-presence of metals commonly present in thiosulphate leach solution. The effect of TMT concentration (by up to 115 mM), temperature (25–60 °C) and ammonia (0.25–1 M NH₃) on the precipitation of gold was also investigated. The results showed that gold precipitation with TMT was relatively low (i.e., limited to only 37.7% over 15 min) from the solution containing only gold. However, the presence of silver and/or copper significantly improved the precipitation of gold. Silver concentrations at ≥20 mg/L led to a complete recovery of gold in 15 min, producing stable gold precipitates. The results have also indicated that silver readily precipitates when compared to gold. The effectiveness of the TMT precipitation process was also tested on a real leach solution from which complete recovery of gold and silver was readily achieved. The findings demonstrated that gold could be readily but unselectively recovered by precipitation with TMT from ammoniacal thiosulphate leach solutions containing silver, in particular, at the expense of co-precipitation of other metals such as copper and zinc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pyrite, quartz and sodium sulfite on roasting of a refractory sulfide concentrate and gold, silver, copper leaching during cyanidation","authors":"Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Yaping Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Long ,&nbsp;Sha Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oxidation roasting pretreatment process, which is a mature and dominant industrial practice for treating complex polymetallic gold deposits, has a low recovery of associated silver and exhibits an unclear reaction sequence. This study takes a silver-containing gold ore as the research object and investigates the effect of (i) sodium sulfite as an additive, (ii) main gold-bearing mineral pyrite, and (iii) gangue mineral quartz, on silver during the roasting process in roasting and leaching tests. Characterization techniques included scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, and thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results based on thermodynamic calculations and characterization show that the main reason for the low extraction of silver is that the calcined product (i.e., iron silicate) formed by the reaction between pyrite and quartz during the roasting process is mutually absorbed and wrapped with silver oxide. In addition, silver minerals decompose some iron sulfides and iron oxides under high-temperature conditions, promoting the reaction of iron and quartz to form iron silicate while strengthening the secondary encapsulation of silver by products of roasting, thus deteriorating the extraction of silver. The addition of sodium sulfite reduces the formation of iron silicate and increases the extraction of silver by directly promoting the conversion of pyrite to iron oxide. This study provides a theoretical basis for further improving the roasting and leaching of silver.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of high-grade cobalt oxide from zinc plant residue (ZPR) generated at zinc processing plants","authors":"Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Shavi Agrawal ,&nbsp;Kiran Kumar Rokkam ,&nbsp;Sudhakar Yadav ,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Dishwar","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, a method for cobalt recovery from Zinc Plant Residue (ZPR) has been developed. First, the residue was leached in a dilute sulfuric acid solution. &gt;90% cobalt and 95% zinc were leached in two hours at room temperature. Then, leach liquor was purified before cobalt precipitation. First, copper and cadmium were removed using zinc dust. &gt;99% copper and 80% cadmium were removed in 30 min at room temperature with slow agitation. Then, dissolved iron was removed using sodium persulfate as an oxidizing agent, and lime was used to maintain pH. Iron was precipitated (∼99%) in 1 h at 60 °C temperature by maintaining pH at 3.5 and Eh at 700 mV. After iron removal, cobalt was precipitated by using sodium persulfate as an oxidizing agent, and sodium hydroxide was used to maintain pH. The cobalt precipitate was calcined and then the final product was obtained with 58% Co. The filtrate, obtained after cobalt precipitation, had a zinc concentration of approximately 69 g/L. About 82% cobalt and 90% zinc were recovered in the entire process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydroxylammonium chloride as a reductant for hydrochloric acid leaching of valuable metals from discarded lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Maria del Mar Cerrillo-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Maria Villen-Guzman,&nbsp;Brahim Arhoun,&nbsp;Cesar Gomez-Lahoz,&nbsp;Carlos Vereda-Alonso","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of hydroxylammonium chloride as a reducing agent is proposed to enhance the acid leaching of cathode material from spent lithium-ion batteries. The current study was conducted using real waste from scooter batteries. The main metals found in this cathode material are Mn (43.6%), Li (4.2%), Ni (8.3%) and Co (2.6%), expressed as % w/w. The effect of the initial concentrations of the extracting agent (HCl) and the reducing agent (NH₃OHCl) on the extraction yields of the target metals is investigated. The presence of NH₃OHCl in HCl solutions exerts a highly effective influence during the initial 15 min of the leaching process, with a complete solubilization of Mn within that timeframe, in contrast to the 20% achieved in its absence. During that period, over 70% of Li is solubilized, while Ni and Co reach maximum solubilities of 7% and 5%, respectively. Extending the contact time to 24 h between the extracting solution and LIB waste enables nearly complete extraction of Ni and exceeds 60% for Co. An analysis of variance was used to identify significant factors to be included in multivariable regressions to predict extraction yields. These regressions are used to carry out a preliminary economic analysis of the leaching process based on gross profit. The optimum outcome is achieved when the extraction is conducted through two consecutive leaching processes. In the first process, 100% Mn and 75% of Li are recovered, while the second process recovers the remaining Li, 96% of Ni, and 60% of cobalt. Additionally, the stoichiometry of the reduction of manganese(IV) by NH₃OHCl is studied through the correlation between the gas volume released during the leaching processes and the Mn solubilization reached. This reduction proceeds through two parallel reactions, resulting in the production of N₂O and N₂. The first of these reactions predominates, exhibiting an estimated selectivity of 87%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304386X24000458/pdfft?md5=eb81123cc56f911b4a543157a4ddc08e&pid=1-s2.0-S0304386X24000458-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent extraction of Pt, Ru, and Ir using Cyanex 923 in chloride media to develop a recycling route for spent polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers","authors":"Ulziikhuu Otgonbayar,&nbsp;Lesia Sandig-Predzymirska,&nbsp;Alexandra Thiere,&nbsp;Alexandros Charitos","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of an efficient recycling route for spent polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzers is essential for the recovery of platinum-group metals (PGMs). Among the other refining processes, solvent extraction is a highly selective technique that can provide high-purity products. Moreover, the extraction behavior of Pt, Ru, and Ir from the PEM electrocatalysts is not studied extensively. In this work, the effect of extraction conditions for the efficient recovery of PGMs from model solutions was investigated. To determine the efficiency of extraction and stripping processes, metal contents in the feed solution, raffinate, and loaded strip solutions were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). For achieving high separation efficiencies for Pt and Ru from Ir, the following conditions were found to be optimal: 100 mg/L of each PGM in 2 M HCl, 15 vol.-% Cyanex 923 in diesel, an organic to aqueous volume ratio (O:A) of 1:1, 30 min of stirring time, a temperature of 25 °C, and 400 rpm stirring rate. A short mixing time of 5 min resulted in a high separation factor of Pt/Ir. Stepwise recovery of PGMs from the organic phase was studied. The three-step stripping strategy was proposed to extract PGMs: 1) the separation of Pt and Ir in the aqueous phase using water, 2) the stripping of Ru using a mixture of ascorbic acid and HCl, and 3) the effective stripping of the remaining Pt using water. Furthermore, the separation of PGMs from the leach solution of the spent PEM electrocatalyst with other metal ions (Sb and Sn) was investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304386X24000434/pdfft?md5=3366a8c2c010933c41a88f38f919aff9&pid=1-s2.0-S0304386X24000434-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}