Hydrometallurgy最新文献

{"title":"Uses of H2 and CO2 gases in hydrometallurgical processes: Potential towards sustainable pretreatment, metal production and carbon neutrality","authors":"Jae-chun Lee ,&nbsp;Kurniawan Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Yong Jae Suh ,&nbsp;Banshi Dhar Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrometallurgical practices represent a vital area of focus within the metallurgical sector, and it is critical that these practices are carried out in an environmentally friendly manner in order to promote sustainability and responsible processing. One promising approach is the use of hydrogen gas (H₂), known for its ‘green’ properties, along with the pollutant carbon dioxide (CO₂), at various stages within the unit operations relevant to hydrometallurgical processes. This review provides a detailed overview of the utilization of H₂ and CO₂ gases, encompassing key stages including pretreatment, leaching, and metal recovery. Theoretical underpinnings are also provided for each stage, along with an overview of cutting-edge approaches such as application of supercritical CO₂. Challenges and future directions associated with H₂ and CO₂ utilization are also discussed. This review serves an important step towards advancing sustainable hydrometallurgical processes promoting carbon neutrality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of amino acid side chain structure on the leaching behavior of copper from printed circuit boards","authors":"Idol Phann,&nbsp;Sae Yamamoto,&nbsp;Tamer Shubair,&nbsp;Naoko Okibe","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the potential of 15 biological amino acids as eco-friendly lixiviants for copper (Cu) extraction from printed circuit boards (PCBs) under alkaline conditions. The Cu leaching behaviors, complexation mechanisms, and the effect of temperature were examined. The amino acids were classified by their Cu leaching efficiencies: Type-I (Gly, Val, Ala, Arg, His, Lys), Type-II (Pro, Glu, Asp, Thr, Ser), and Type-III (Asn, Gln, Met, Cys). Type-I amino acids achieved &gt;90 % Cu leaching, while Type-II showed moderate dissolution. Type-III formed solid Cu-amino acid complexes as confirmed by XRD and SEM analyses. Increasing temperatures enhanced Cu leaching in both Type-I and Type-II, particularly during the initial stages. Minimal dissolution of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) was observed at pH 10–12 and Eh 0–200 mV, allowing for selective Cu dissolution in liquid or solid phases. Aliphatic and polar positively charged amino acids were the most effective due to their ability to form stable bi- and/or tridentate complexes, while carboxyl- and alcohol-containing side chains hindered Cu dissolution. The precipitation of solid Cu-amino acid complexes was attributed to amide and sulfur-containing side chains, as nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur can form strong coordination bonds with Cu. This is the first study to evaluate the role of amino acid side chain structures in Cu leaching from e-waste and highlights the potential of less commonly studied amino acids in hydrometallurgical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching of metals from electronic waste using carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents: Preliminary laboratory studies and molecular modelling","authors":"Magdalena Emmons-Burzyńska ,&nbsp;Eryk Jędrzejczak ,&nbsp;Adam Piasecki ,&nbsp;Łukasz Ławniczak ,&nbsp;Magdalena Regel-Rosocka ,&nbsp;Marcin Wysokowski","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the intricate chemistry of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly those formed with carboxylic acids and choline chloride, highlighting their effectiveness in metal leaching and the potential for sustainable recovery of valuable materials from electronic waste. The utilization of DESs in this context demonstrates a promising avenue for advancing eco-friendly methods in the treatment of electronic waste, contributing to both resource recovery and environmental management. It has been found that especially natural eutectic solvents, with lactic acid as the hydrogen bond donor, could provide a green alternative to conventional methods of processing electronic waste and recovery of strategically important metals, which remain crucial in order to meet the demand of the exponentially increasing electronics production. Lactic acid-based DES (Lac-DES) showed higher selectivity in Cu leaching over Ag, compared to other DESs, while oxalic acid-based DES (Ox-DES), surprisingly, appeared to leach selectively only silver (up to 40%) in the presence of H₂O₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of Dy(III), Yb(III) and Y(III) by ultrafiltration using a rotating disk membrane based on shear-enhanced complexation to recover heavy rare earth elements in process wastewater: Laboratory studies and DFT calculations","authors":"Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhenglin Liu,&nbsp;Yunren Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective separation and recovery of heavy rare earth elements from wastewater presents a significant challenge. This work successfully achieved the separation and recovery of Dy(III), Yb(III), and Y(III) from wastewater using shear-induced dissociation-ultrafiltration technology with acidic phosphoric chitosan (aPCS) as the complexing agent. Unlike traditional methods that depend on organic solvents, this process requires no additional chemicals, enhancing environmental sustainability. The critical shear rates for de-complexation of aPCS-RE complexes were identified, and the separation coefficients <em>β</em>_{<em>Y/Dy</em>}, <em>β</em>_{<em>Y/Yb</em>}, and <em>β</em>_{<em>Dy/Yb</em>} were calculated as 15.8, 21.1, and 14.8, respectively. The shear effect significantly enhanced membrane flux and mitigated fouling, representing a notable advantage over conventional filtration techniques. Additionally, DFT calculations revealed that the interactions of aPCS with rare earth metal ions were mainly ionic and that charge transfer played an important role in the stability difference of aPCS-RE complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of P(V) salts in inhibiting CaCO3 precipitation in the uranium in-situ leaching process using CO2 and O2","authors":"Yang Lanzhi ,&nbsp;Ke Pingchao ,&nbsp;Xu Lingling ,&nbsp;Li Guangrong ,&nbsp;Zhao Kai ,&nbsp;Yang Feifan ,&nbsp;Zhou Yipeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addition of chemical agents to inhibit the CaCO₃ precipitation process is a potential way to solve the blocking problem in the industrial in situ leaching process for uranium recovery. This research investigated the role of P(V) added as sodium hexametaphosphate ((NaPO₃)₆), anhydrous sodium pyrophosphate (Na₄P₂O₇), and sodium tripolyphosphate (Na₅P₃O₁₀) as inhibitors for the precipitation of CaCO₃ in supersaturated solutions of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻. The results indicated that the three inhibitors prevented the formation and growth of CaCO₃ and Na₅P₃O₁₀ showed the best performance. In the aqueous phase Ca²⁺ coordinated with P(V) ions to form complex anions of Ca-phosphates including CaHP₂O₇^—, CaP₂O₇²⁻, CaHP₃O₁₀²⁻, and CaP₃O₁₀³⁻. The role of P(V) as an inhibitor was attributed to the adsorption of P(V) species including Ca<img>P complex anions and phosphate anions on the calcite surface to form an amorphous protective layer which prevented further precipitation of CaCO₃ phase. Moreover, dosage threshold of Na₅P₃O₁₀ was experimentally determined to be 2 mg/L. This dosage gave a CaCO₃ precipitation inhibition efficiency higher than 90 %. Injection of inhibitors had no negative effect on the in situ leaching of uranium by CO₂ and O₂ and subsequent ion exchange adsorption process for uranium recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotopic ratios of 234U/238U in in-situ uranium leach liquors and their application to evaluate residual uranium in the orebody","authors":"Vladimir S. Semenishchev,&nbsp;Svetlana M. Titova","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper summarizes results from long-term observations of the (²³⁴U/²³⁸U) activity ratios in in-situ uranium leach liquors produced in a uranium mining plant. Measurements of the activity ratios of ²³⁴U/²³⁸U were performed from March 2018 to November 2022 in liquors from new and old leaching wells. The results have shown a significant dominance of ²³⁴U (²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios up to 2.27) in the pregnant leach solution (PLS) collected from the well during the first 3–6 months. The real ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios differed significantly from those values reported in the literature for in-vitro lab experiments that can be explained by the scaling effect. A method for evaluation of minimum residual amount of uranium in the ore body, which is potentially available for leaching was suggested based on the results of long-term monitoring of the ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of flowsheets for tungsten recovery from scheelite, wolframite and secondary resources and challenges for sustainable production","authors":"Yuanlin Chen ,&nbsp;Guangsheng Huo ,&nbsp;Xueyi Guo ,&nbsp;Jianhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten finds numerous industrial applications owing to its excellent physicochemical properties and applications in high-tech material production, which make tungsten containing ores, minerals and scrap material strategic raw materials/resources. Tungsten extractive metallurgy (TEM) is a vital process in the tungsten industry for producing diverse high-purity products from raw tungsten-containing minerals. This paper systematically reviews the flowsheets of TEM processes and related sustainability challenges, providing valuable insights and establishing guidelines for making these processes more eco-friendly and economically viable. Classical early-stage TEM processes primarily rely on the decomposition of scheelite (CaWO₄) by HCl and feature lengthy procedures, low WO₃ recoveries, and a high reagent consumption. In comparison, recently developed flowsheets combine NaOH/soda high-pressure digestion and solvent extraction/ion exchange which offer several advantages: (i) high raw material adaptability, (ii) high tungsten utilization efficiency, (iii) high product quality, and (iv) operation simplicity. However, recently developed flowsheets exhibit several drawbacks: (i) high reagent consumption, (ii) discharge of large volumes of high-salinity wastewater, and (iii) production of alkaline leach residues classified as hazardous solid waste. Although recent developments have partially addressed the issues of wastewater and residue discharge, further research is required to assess the economic viability of these processes and their adaptability to raw materials. A sustainable TEM process requires the consideration of both practicality and eco-friendliness in the flowsheets, including the following: (i) adaptability to the growing complexity of raw materials, (ii) tungsten utilization efficiency, (iii) solution recycling, and (iv) comprehensive utilization of other valuable components. This study aims to provide insights into TEM flowsheets and establish guidelines for the development of environmentally friendly and economical processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 106455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of copper oxide from e-waste using ashing, size reduction, nitric acid leaching, solvent extraction and stripping-precipitation: Parametric and scaling up studies and fate of scarce metals","authors":"Chirag Tamboli,&nbsp;Bina Sengupta","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper recovery from electronic waste in the form of copper oxide was investigated using hydrometallurgy-based process. The recovery process involved dismantling of electronic components, their size reduction, ashing at 600 °C for 4 h to disintegrate the polymer matrix to facilitate metal recovery and remove volatiles as pretreatment, followed by nitric acid leaching, solvent extraction of leachate, and precipitation-stripping with oxalic acid to obtain copper oxalate. Controlled calcinations of the oxalate yielded the valuable copper oxide. Copper concentration in e-waste was found to vary with feed size. Maximum copper concentration of 43.1 % (<em>w</em>/w) was found in the size range of 0.5 mm to 0.355 mm. Maximum leaching of copper (98.7 %) occurred at solid to liquid (S/L) ratio (g/mL) of 1:25 using 10 % nitric acid at 60 °C. For an initial leachate concentration of 30 g/L copper, using 10 % <em>v</em>/v LIX 984 N as the extractant at an organic to aqueous (O/A) phase volume ratio of 1.25:1 resulted in quantitative copper extraction in three stages. Oxalic acid (1 M) was used to strip and precipitate the copper extracted resulting in 99.8 % metal recovery. Scale up of the process did not alter the recoveries. The copper oxide obtained was 99.65 % pure with trace impurities of aluminium and iron. This process aims to achieve high copper recovery while addressing environmental concerns and optimizing resource efficiency, offering potential applications in large-scale electronic waste recycling for valuable metal recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution and recrystallization of alum to separate cesium, rubidium and potassium using their different precipitation kinetics to reach higher purity than solubility equilibria based purity of MAl(SO4)2 (M = Cs, Rb, K)","authors":"Yanfei Fan ,&nbsp;Dandan Gao ,&nbsp;Dongdong Li ,&nbsp;Dewen Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alum is an important intermediate for the extraction and purification of Cs or Rb chemicals, due to its excellent separation ability for Cs, Rb and K. Although the solubility sequence K-alum &gt; Rb-alum &gt; Cs-alum has been well known, the separation factors among Cs, Rb and K during the formation of alum have not been determined. The formation of solid solution of alum controls the Cs or Rb content and Cs/Rb/K ratio in the sequentially precipitated Cs, Rb and K alums. In this study, the thermodynamic equilibrium separation factors were determined from the solid solution-aqueous solution equilibrium data of the two mixed alum systems: (i) RbAl(SO₄)₂, CsAl(SO₄)₂, and H₂O, and (ii) KAl(SO₄)₂, RbAl(SO₄)₂ and H₂O. The separation factor <em>β</em>_Cs/Rb varied from 48 to 2 with the increase of the Rb/Cs ratio in system (i), and <em>β</em>_Rb/K varied from 22 to 0.2 with the increase of the K/Rb ratio in system (ii). This suggests that the purification of Cs or Rb using alums is more efficient from raw materials containing high Cs/Rb or Rb/K ratio than that from low Cs/Rb or Rb/K ratio. In kinetic studies, the apparent separation factors <em>β</em>_Cs/Rb and <em>β</em>_Rb/K were highly affected by the recrystallization process of cooling or non-cooling and the initial composition of raw alum, showing asymmetric kinetic intensification. The separation factors <em>β</em>_Cs/Rb or <em>β</em>_Rb/K obtained in the “dissolution by heating and crystallization by cooling (DHCC)” process for the raw alum with high initial Cs/Rb or Rb/K molar ratio is several times larger than the equilibrium value expected from thermodynamics. Finally, CsAl(SO₄)₂ and RbAl(SO₄)₂ with a metal-based purity of 99.97 % and 99.94 %, respectively, were obtained by using the DHCC process 3–4 times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating lithium recovery with the production of high-purity lithium carbonate from spent lithium-ion battery smelting slag","authors":"Chenye Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Xing ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Duan ,&nbsp;Huiquan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2025.106452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrometallurgical extraction of valuable metals including nickel, cobalt, and copper from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been applied in the industrial recycling of spent LIBs for many years. In conventional pyrometallurgical methods, lithium (Li) is concentrated in smelting slag, which is often discarded as waste without recycling. Given the global scarcity of Li resources, the extraction of Li from slag has become increasingly crucial. This paper describes the development of a green integrated process to efficiently leach Li from slag and separate it from other impurity metals, particularly aluminum in the resultant leachate, for the production of high-purity lithium carbonate. A leaching efficiency of Li could reach 97.8 %, under the following conditions: slag‑sulfuric acid ratio of 1:1 (g/mL), a temperature of 90 °C, a liquid-solid ratio of 5:1 (mL/g), a stirring rate of 350 rpm, and a contact time of 2 h. The resulting leach residue was found to be marketable hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO₄∙0.5H₂O). The majority of aluminum could be removed through precipitation as potassium aluminum sulfate (KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) by the addition of potassium sulfate to the leachate. Subsequently, residual aluminum along with other metals including nickel, cobalt, and manganese were removed through a series of pH adjustments. Trace elements of calcium and magnesium were also eliminated by the addition of sodium carbonate to induce carbonate precipitation. Finally, high-purity lithium carbonate was obtained through the addition of sodium carbonate solution. This hydrometallurgical process promises a significant utility in the extraction of Li from challenging spent LIBs smelting slag, offering a sustainable solution to resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13193,"journal":{"name":"Hydrometallurgy","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 106452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}