HIV Research & Clinical Practice最新文献

{"title":"Assessing healthcare satisfaction and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among older adults living with HIV in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Kenedy Kiyimba, Ronald Kibuuka, Jonathan Babuya, Nichola Kabahinda, Richard Maseruka, Tonny Lukwago Wotoyitidde, Samuel Baker Obakiro, Dan Kibuule","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2637352","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2637352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the management of HIV/AIDS has greatly increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV. However, longer life spans have been accompanied by a growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study assessed healthcare satisfaction and the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among older adults living with HIV (50 years and above) at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) involving 400 HIV-positive patients aged more than 50 years on ART. The sociodemographic information, ART history, and comorbidities were obtained. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of DM and HTN were 28.3% and 27.1%, respectively. Participants aged ≥64 years had significantly higher odds of HTN (AOR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.27-3.19; <i>p</i> = 0.029). Changing ART regimens three or more times was associated with HTN (AOR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.08-4.73; <i>p</i> = 0.015). Living 6-10 km from a health facility increased the odds of DM (AOR: 5.46; 95% CI: 1.12-26.54; <i>p</i> = 0.044). Overall, 91% of the participants reported satisfaction with the healthcare received.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DM and HTN are highly prevalent among older adults living with HIV in Eastern Uganda and are associated with advanced age, ART regimen changes, and healthcare access challenges. The integration of NCD screening and management into HIV care are key for improving long-term outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2637352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147305213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators of cardiovascular disease prevention among people with HIV in the Southern United States: a photo-elicitation study.","authors":"Joshua Elorm Kwawuvi, Susan Reif, Kevin McKenna, Carrie Dombeck, Mirlene Perry, Jules Iradukunda, Amy Corneli, Nwora Lance Okeke, Chelsea Gulden, Wesley Thompson, Laura Farrow, Charles Muiruri","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2722768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2026.2722768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As progress toward the UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals has transformed HIV into a chronic, manageable condition, cardiometabolic disease has emerged as a critical determinant of long-term health among people living with HIV. Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV remain at elevated risk for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, while HIV care models often prioritize viral suppression over integrated cardiovascular prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the social and structural determinants that shape cardiovascular preventive health behaviors among people with HIV in the Southern United States to inform the development of interventions that promote sustained health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a qualitative descriptive study with twenty people with HIV aged ≥ 35 years, each living with at least one cardiometabolic condition, recruited from three HIV clinics in the Southern United States. Photo-elicitation integrated with semi-structured interviews allowed participants to document and interpret their experiences related to diet, physical activity, lifestyle behaviors, and health monitoring.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thematic analysis mapped findings to five determinant domains: economic stability, neighborhood and environment, social and community context, education, and healthcare access and quality. Participants (median age 57; predominantly African American/Black; most living with HIV for more than 10 years) identified three intersecting, modifiable barriers: the high cost of healthy food, unsafe or poorly designed environments limiting physical activity, and family or peer norms reinforcing unhealthy behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the need to embed food insecurity screening, context-tailored activity counseling, family engagement strategies, and structural supports within HIV care to advance equitable cardiovascular prevention for people with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2722768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical description of adverse events with long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine in people living with HIV: a large multicentre prospective observational cohort study (SCOLTA).","authors":"Gaia Cologgi, Elena Ricci, Antonio Di Biagio, Sergio Ferrara, Giancarlo Orofino, Nicola Squillace, Emanuele Pontali, Barbara Menzaghi, Eleonora Sarchi, Giovanni Cenderello, Giordano Madeddu, Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò, Olivia Bargiacchi, Filippo Lagi, Elena Salomoni, Teresa Bini, Paolo Bonfanti, Lucia Taramasso","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2703324","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2703324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (LA CAB+RPV) is a highly effective, well-tolerated antiretroviral regimen, but real-world adverse event (AE) data remain limited. We characterised the type and frequency of AEs associated with LA CAB+RPV in people with HIV in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentre, prospective, observational study (SCOLTA project, Italy) enrolled people with HIV initiating LA CAB+RPV. Clinical characteristics, AEs and discontinuations were systematically collected. A centre-level survey assessed AE management and prevention practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our cohort 598 people with HIV were enrolled across 25 centres. Forty-two participants (7%) experienced overall 51 AEs, of which 37 (88%) led to discontinuation of LA injectable therapy. Injection site reactions (ISRs) were the most frequently reported AEs (29.4%). Central nervous system (CNS)-related AEs accounted for 7.8% of events and resulted in treatment discontinuation in 75% of cases. In multivariable analysis, unknown HIV acquisition mode was independently associated with an increased risk of AEs. Age ≥50 years showed a consistent trend across all models and was the only significant independent predictor in sensitivity analyses restricted to people with HIV with known HIV acquisition mode. Among the 23 centres responding to the survey, 15 (65.2%) reported a reduction in injection-related events following specific training of staff administering LA CAB+RPV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LA CAB+RPV showed a lower AE rate than pivotal trials, despite more AE-related discontinuations. CNS-related AEs were uncommon, supporting good tolerability, but led to discontinuation when they occurred. Older age was independently associated with increased AE risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2703324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain and substance use among persons living with HIV: associations with co-morbid illness and viral suppression.","authors":"Marissa J Seamans, Catherine R Lesko, Daniel J Hindman, Jeanne C Keruly, Anthony T Fojo, Heidi E Hutton, Bryan Lau, Richard D Moore, Geetanjali Chander","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2720323","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2720323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pain is common in persons with HIV, who often report mental health symptoms and substance use, all of which may affect viral suppression.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate correlates of self-reported pain and associations with viral suppression among people with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from 3422 self-interviews contributed by 1626 unique patients in continuity care in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort between October 2013 and December 2018. Self-reported pain was measured using the EuroQol-5D-3L (\"Have you had any pain or discomfort today?\"). The correlations included PTSD, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and substance use. Viral suppression (HIV RNA ≤ 200 copies/mL) is routinely collected for clinical care and was abstracted between 9 months prior to 1 week after the self-interview.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain was more prevalent in patients who were older, female, white, and who reported mental health symptoms or who had a recent or past prescription for an opioid. The prevalence ratio between pain and viral non-suppression was consistent with no association and also a weak positive association (1.07, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.21).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tailored interventions for mental health may improve pain and HIV outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2720323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13680874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conception to child-rearing in the early treatment era (CONCRETE): a qualitative study of the experiences of women living with HIV during pregnancy and motherhood.","authors":"Clara Le Saux, Clara Merlin, José Damas, Nelly Sénac, Katharine E A Darling","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2652122","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2652122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women with HIV represent an increasing proportion of people with HIV, yet their specific needs during childbirth remain insufficiently addressed. This study explored how the experiences of women with HIV who delivered in the early antiretroviral therapy (ART) era can inform current HIV care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women with HIV who gave birth between 2000 and 2008 in an urban area of French-speaking Switzerland. Content analysis identified key themes in the women's narratives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median age at interview was 51 years. Eight women delivered between 2001 and 2004, and four delivered between 2005 and 2008, on average, 9.2 years after HIV diagnosis. Three themes emerged: (1) HIV's impact on social interactions, including stigma and discussing HIV status with their child; (2) medical concerns, including the value of trust-based relationships with HIV physicians and (3) adjustment to life with a newborn. Women recalled difficulties in accepting imposed interventions-mandatory Caesarean section and avoidance of breastfeeding-perceiving these as depriving them of a 'full' motherhood experience. They also described the emotional burden ofwaiting for confirmation of their child's HIV-negative status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Societal attitudes were a major barrier to HIV-status sharing. Although current ART guidelines have evolved, women who delivered in the early ART era expressed long-lasting feelings of loss associated with past interventions. Their narratives highlight gaps between clinical progress and lived experience and underscore the need for holistic, long-term support for women with HIV and recognition that HIV can shape motherhood well beyond childbirth.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2652122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147591975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enthusiasm and hesitation: a structural topic modelling analysis of long-acting injectable PrEP perceptions among Dutch-speaking MSM.","authors":"Haoyi Wang, Johann Kolstee, Jonathan Tosh, Melanie Schroeder, Ama Appiah, Hanne M L Zimmermann, Kai J Jonas","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2656048","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2656048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-acting injectable PrEP (LA-PrEP) is a novel HIV prevention modality recently approved in Europe, offering an important addition to HIV prevention options. Understanding user perceptions early is critical for anticipating uptake, addressing barriers, and shaping implementation. This study aimed to identify the latent qualitative themes surrounding LA-PrEP among Dutch-speaking men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) in the Netherlands and Belgium, and to assess how these perceptions associate with their intention to use LA-PrEP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilised data from the cross-sectional PROTECT survey (October 2023-April 2024). Before questioning, participants were provided a standardised, objective explanation of LA-PrEP's efficacy, dosing schedule, and potential side effects to ensure a baseline understanding. MSM without HIV who completed the Dutch-language survey answered a single open-ended question: 'What does LA-PrEP mean to you?' Participants could provide multiple short terms or phrases. Responses were analysed directly in Dutch using Structural Topic Modelling (STM), an unsupervised machine learning approach, to estimate latent topics and their regression with LA-PrEP use intention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analysed qualitative responses from 1,472 Dutch-speaking MSM without HIV. Overall expectations were highly positive. Six distinct conceptual topics were identified: empowerment (29% of the topic proportion), superiority (24%), concerns and uncertainties (13%), convenience and reliability (12%), peace of mind (12%), and ideal regimen (11%). While dominant themes emphasised freedom, safety, and reassurance, a notable subset expressed ambivalence. Topic regression revealed that responses strongly aligned with the concerns and uncertainties topic were significantly associated with a lower intention to use LA-PrEP (<i>β</i> = -0.021; 95%CI: -0.042 to -0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LA-PrEP is widely perceived as a promising and convenient HIV prevention option among Dutch-speaking MSM, but concerns about safety and necessity remain for a subset of individuals. Addressing these concerns through targeted, evidence-based communication will be essential to support informed choice and maximise uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2656048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma in UK health care: a key barrier to reaching zero HIV transmission by 2030.","authors":"Tom Weeks, Edwin van Teijlingen, Pramod Regmi","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2653328","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2653328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With zero HIV transmission by 2030 firmly on the agenda of the UK Government, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), the National Health Service (NHS), and the voluntary sector in the United Kingdom (UK), therefore, the objective of this review is to explore whether this ambitious goal is possible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>EBSCO, PubMed, and CHINAL databases were searched using relevant keywords around stigma/stigmatisation in the NHS/UK health care settings. In addition, hand-searching and reference mining were conducted. Data were extracted, synthesised, and presented through a narrative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial searching yielded 68 papers, and six papers were eligible for this review. Thematic methods were used to analyse and synthesise the included studies. The results indicated that people living with HIV continue to express concerns about stigma and discrimination when accessing health care. These issues remain significant barriers to accessing health care services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV-related stigma continues to undermine zero HIV transmission ambitions. Until this issue is effectively addressed, achieving the goal of zero HIV transmission by 2030 may remain challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2653328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147638684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solutions for engaging priority populations in HIV cure research: a hybrid Delphi consensus-building process.","authors":"John A Sauceda, Anastasia Korolkova, Ali Ahmed, Lidia Rodriguez-Garcia, Bridgette Picou, Fang Wan, Nadra Lisha, Karine Dubé","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2722774","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2722774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To achieve consensus on barriers and strategies to improve the engagement of three priority populations - Black and Latino/a/x individuals, cisgender women, and transgender women in HIV cure research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assembled a panel of 54 experts assigned to six groups in a hybrid Delphi process: (1) HIV community members, (2) biomedical researchers, (3) medical providers, (4) funders and private industry members, (5) bioethicists and regulators, and (6) social scientists. Over 18 months, we conducted four iterative survey rounds and three group discussions to identify barriers and strategies to arrive at a consensus on how to engage these priority populations in HIV cure research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For Black and Latino/a/x populations, the panellists identified inadequate outreach and a lack of accessible educational information as primary barriers and emphasised community-driven engagement and partnerships with trusted leaders as key strategies. For cisgender women, logistical hurdles, caregiving responsibilities and time constraints were identified as major barriers, with flexible trial designs and equitable compensation proposed as solutions. For transgender women, the lack of transgender-focused research design, including misrepresentation and exclusion, was identified as a key barrier, while centring transgender-specific needs in study design achieved consensus as the most effective strategy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among all four priority populations, investment in outreach, engagement along the research process, better integration of health needs with research, and enhanced incentives are not novel ideas, but remain obviously ignored in a way that has led to underrepresentation of people in HIV cure research, who carry the greatest burden of HIV in the U.S.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This paper uses a hybrid Delphi process to identify and reach consensus on key barriers and strategies to engage underrepresented groups: Black and Latino/a/x individuals, cisgender women, and transgender women in HIV cure research across the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2722774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experiences of clinical research staff during an HIV cure trial with an analytical treatment interruption in Durban, South Africa.","authors":"Maud Mthembu, Andiswa Thenjiwe Mlotshwa, Nosipho Funeka, Thumbi Ndung'u, Jamila K Stockman, Karine Dubé, Krista L Dong","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2645877","DOIUrl":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2645877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV cure trials involving analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) are expanding in resource-limited settings where HIV prevalence is highest, such as South Africa. Given the socio-economic challenges in these regions, ATI-inclusive trials may present unintended mental health risks to trial participants. To ensure participant safety, tailored mental health support should be part of the routine study implementation. While there is a trend toward more participant-centred study designs, less attention is focused on clinical research staff and their perceptions on managing participants with pre-existing or emerging trauma.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We explored the perspectives of clinical research staff at Females Rising through Education Support and Health (FRESH) involved in an ATI-inclusive study, by conducting in-depth interviews (IDIs). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical staff reported that participants were optimistic and hopeful about their involvement. However, staff expressed concerns about the psychological impact of going through the ATI, which was associated with emotional distress and, for some, triggered pre-existing trauma. The intersection of prior trauma and heightened anxiety around viral rebound warranted specific mental health support. Staff who counselled participants on HIV disclosure identified common barriers that hindered HIV status disclosure and trial participation. Staff expressed the need for specialised training to support participants' mental health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Including participant-centred psychosocial support in the design of ATI-inclusive HIV cure trials may improve study adherence and retention while protecting participants' mental health. Equipping clinical research staff with trauma-informed competencies should be considered a minimum standard in ATI-inclusive trials settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2645877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13085764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity and polypharmacy burden among people living with HIV in the United States stratified by age, sex, and race: updated evidence from a contemporary cohort.","authors":"Sean P Fleming, Shweta Kamat, Girish Prajapati, Kyung Min Lee, Viktor Chirikov, Traci LeMasters, Princy N Kumar","doi":"10.1080/25787489.2026.2731527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2026.2731527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have extended the life expectancy of people living with HIV, increasing the prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy burden.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare comorbidity burden and polypharmacy among people living with HIV and matched people without HIV stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study used claims data from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (01/01/19-12/31/24). Adults (≥18 years) with ≥1 ART claim or HIV diagnosis code during the 2024 calendar year (index date: earliest ART or HIV claim) were matched 2:1 to adults without HIV by age group, sex, race, region, and insurance type. Continuous enrolment of 12 months pre-index (baseline) and ≥30 days post-index was required. Baseline comorbidities and polypharmacy were compared between the two cohorts. .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26,078 people living with HIV were matched to 52,156 people without HIV. Mean age was 58.9 years, 21.3% were female and 31.3% were Black. Mean comorbidity burden was higher in people living with HIV vs without HIV overall (3.70 vs 3.14) and across age groups and sex (female: 4.40 vs 3.85; male: 3.33 vs 2.78) (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Multimorbidity (≥2 non-HIV comorbidities) and polypharmacy (≥5 non-ART drugs) prevalence were significantly higher among people living with HIV and increased with age and among females. Similar patterns were observed across racial/ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>People living with HIV had greater comorbidity and polypharmacy burden than matched people without HIV across demographic subgroups. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive comorbidity assessment and comedication review to minimise drug interactions and support optimal treatment decisions for people living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":13165,"journal":{"name":"HIV Research & Clinical Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"2731527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148968162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}