Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Variation in productivity and essential oil composition of aromatic grasses grown in mid-hill conditions of the Western Himalayas","authors":"Saizal Jamwal, Meghna Thakur, Swati Walia, Rakesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00610-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00610-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Improper handling degrades the quality of the produce and causes economic losses. Thus, to study the effect of post-harvest handling on essential oil content and chemical constitutions, different experiments were conducted on two aromatic grasses. The first experiment was conducted on lemongrass crop using three accessions (A1, A2, and A3) and three storage times (0, 24, and 48 h), the second experiment was conducted on palmarosa crop with five harvesting dates (12 October, 27 October, 10 November, 25 November, and 10 December) and three storage time (0, 24 and 48 h). The essential oil percentage of the major compound of lemongrass (citral) was recorded significantly higher in accession A1, while 46.49% higher EO content was recorded when processing the biomass after 48 h of storage as compared to 0 h. Significantly higher (93.84%) increase in essential oil content of palmarosa was recorded on the 25 November harvesting date, while 112.69% higher EO content was recorded for storage of 48 h than 0 h. The major chemical compound geraniol attained the highest percentage (88%) on the 10 December harvesting date and storage time of 48 h recorded 85.78% higher EO content than 0 h. The degradation of constituents, rearrangement, and disappearance results in variations in essential oil composition. Harvesting at proper maturity and quality stages with longer storage time of the plant resulted in quality essential oil when compared to early harvest and shorter storage time in both aromatic plants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3><p>\u0000Harvesting at proper stages with longer storage time resulted in quality EO of aromatic grasses</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural phenotype and silymarin content variations of cultivated milk thistle in Korea","authors":"Jeehyoung Shim, Hyejin Cho, Jung Sook Sung, Eunae Yoo, Joong Hyoun Chin, Sanghyun Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00618-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00618-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Investigating agricultural traits and silymarin content variations in the domestic cultivation environment is necessary since the interest in milk thistle has increased as a high-income cash crop or plant capable of crop rotation. Therefore, this study selected six varieties cultivated for three years in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, and one year in Haenam, Jeollanam-do, to analyze agricultural phenotypes and silymarin content variations. Among the varieties, M05 and M03 expressed the highest silybin and silymarin contents, maintaining a silybin ratio of over 15%. In addition, M03 and M05 exhibited no or minimal silydianin content in both regions, likely due to genetic factors. However, silydianin content tended to increase in most Haenam varieties, excluding M03 and M05. Compared to other varieties, M06 had a notably higher silydianin content and was further accumulated in Haenam, indicating a potential environmental influence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV-C treatment elicits resistant responses against Botrytis cinerea infection and the improvement of fruit characteristics in grapevines","authors":"Srinivasan Ramalingam, Zar Le Myint, Soon Young Ahn, Jung A. Ryu, Sang-min Lee, Hae Keun Yun","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00602-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00602-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>UV-C exhibits efficient growth inhibition against a wide range of microorganisms and has an elicitor impact on the induction of resistance against pathogens in host plants, emerging as a promising alternative to fungicides. This study examined the defense elicitor effect of both low (0.05 W/cm²) and high (0.133 W/cm²) powered UV-C (275 nm) against <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> on grapevines. Gene expression, total stilbene content, and the quality of the berries were assessed in ‘Kyoho’ grapevines irradiated with UV-C. Low and high-powered UV-C reduced the in vitro growth of <i>B. cinerea</i> by 40–50% and lowered the in vivo infection and disease severity by 40–85% in the leaves. Lesion formation was reduced by 20–50% in berries treated with UV-C. The spores of <i>B. cinerea</i> did not infect the unwounded berries of ‘Shine Muscat’ and ‘Kyoho’ grape treated with UV-C. The augmented levels of total soluble solids, color values, and reduced titratable acidity improved the quality of the UV-C-irradiated ‘Kyoho’ berries compared to the control. The total stilbene content was four to five times higher with 37.48 µg g⁻¹ fresh weight (FW) using low UV-powered UV-C and 43.11 µg g⁻¹ FW using high UV-powered UV-C in ‘Kyoho’ berry skins treated with UV-C compared to the control (9.24 µg g⁻¹ FW), with predominant levels of <i>trans</i>-resveratrol. The genes involved in stilbene synthesis, defense, and antioxidant activity were strongly upregulated in the leaves and berries of grapevines in response to the low and high UV-C treatments. The low and high UV-C treatments elicit the induction of resistances in grapes against <i>B. cinerea</i> and improve the quality of berries. Future research will be needed on other parameters before UV-C irradiation can be applied to inhibit the incidence of grey mold in vineyards.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of lettuce grown in potting soil semi-solidified with agar","authors":"Chao-Zong Cai, How-Chiun Wu","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00608-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00608-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of the study was to develop a soil-based cultivation method to grow lettuce indoors for 28 days without the need for irrigation or fertilization, and to investigate their growth and physiological responses in this novel growing substrate. Agar (15 g L^− 1) was added to a soil mixture, which comprised potting soil, perlite, fertilizer, and water, to semi-solidify it into a substrate block. Lettuce seeds were sown in the semi-solidified substrate, which was prepared in a custom-made, enclosed container with planting holes in the lid. Three different soil-to-water (SW) ratio (v:v) treatments were used to prepare the soil substrate: SW1:1; SW1:2; SW2:1, and three fertilizer treatments were tested: no fertilizer (control); urea; NPK (15:3:3) fertilizer. Results showed that the semi-solidified soil substrates can be used to successfully grow lettuce for 28 days, however, the extent of their growth varied depending on the soil-water ratio and fertilizer treatment. Lettuce plants grown in the NPK-enriched SW2:1 substrate had significantly higher number of leaves, leaf area, and dry weight compared to all the other treatments. In contrast, the lettuce plants grown without additional fertilizers exhibited poor growth regardless of the soil-water ratio used. In the growing substrates supplemented with urea, the SW1:2 ratio treatment produced lettuces with the lowest leaf number, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and dry weight. Overall, the chlorophyll a/b ratio and Fv/Fm value of lettuces grown in substrate fertilized with NPK were found to be higher than all the other treatments. The key feature of this cultivation method was the use of agar to semi-solidify the waterlogged soil mixture and transform it into a growing substrate that provided the necessary water and nutrients for plant growth over a 28-day period. The growing substrate developed in this study, which is the first of its kind, can be considered as a new soil-based method of growing lettuce indoors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought tolerance and impacts of four rootstock genotypes on the morphology, yield and fruit quality of Fuji scion apple under drought conditions","authors":"Liu Xiaosheng, Zhang Meng, Hu Huatao, Li Zhaowei, Xu Xuefeng, Wang Yi, Han Zhenhai","doi":"10.1007/s13580-023-00582-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-023-00582-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that limits apple production. Rootstocks provide roots for grafted fruit trees. The rootstocks absorb water and mineral nutrients and affect the growth and development of the tree and the quality of fruit and its yield. Furthermore, the appropriate rootstock for drought conditions is key to the sustainable production of apple (<i>Malus</i> spp.). Chistock #1 is a new semi-dwarfing apple rootstock. The drought tolerance of Chistock #1 was compared with that of M9, M26 and <i>M. prunifolia</i> through pot and field experiments. In pot experiments, drought tolerant rootstocks were selected by comparing the root configuration, leaf anatomical structure, electrical conductivity and SPAD value. The results showed that the roots of Chistock #1 and <i>M. prunifolia</i> were long and well developed. Under drought stress, <i>M. prunifolia</i> can close its stomata in time to reduce water loss, followed by Chistock #1 and M26, while M9 was the slowest at closing its stomata. After drought treatment, the leaf and palisade tissue thickness and SPAD value of Chistock #1 were the highest at 121.56 μm, 42.03 μm and 43.00 μm, respectively. The fruit yield and quality of different scion and rootstock combinations were measured in field experiments. A Fuji scion cultivar grafted to Chistock #1 had a higher yield and better quality as determined by its suitable ratio of total soluble solids and titratable acid. Finally, a membership function combined with a principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the drought tolerance of the four rootstocks. The results were as follows: Chistock #1 was the most drought tolerant of the four rootstock genotypes, <i>M. prunifolia</i> and M26 were the second and third most drought tolerant rootstocks, while M9 was the least drought tolerant.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, flowering and morphological responses of petunia, a photosensitive plant, to light conditions in a greenhouse modified by dye-sensitized solar cells and light-emitting diodes","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00614-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00614-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be used as greenhouse-glazing materials because of their translucent properties, varied colors, and ability to produce electricity. To assess their effect on plant growth and physiological responses, <em>Petunia ×hybrida</em> ‘Madness Red’ was investigated under four different light treatments: transparent polycarbonate panels (T) as the control, T + 50% shade (S), red-colored DSSCs (D), and D + cool-white light-emitting diodes (LED) (D + L). Compared to T, S increased the leaf area and the number of days to flowering and decreased the number of flowers and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD). D increased the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and the number of days to flowering and reduced the SPAD and number of leaves and flowers due to a lower daily light integral (DLI) and blue light than T. Compared to S, D increased the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight while reducing the number of leaves and flowers due to the lower blue light. D + L increased the number of leaves and flowers, flowering rate, dry weight, and SPAD but inhibited stem and leaf elongation compared to D, due to an increase in DLI and blue light. The deployment of red DSSCs in greenhouses could potentially induce unfavorable morphological and developmental responses in light-sensitive plants. However, these effects can be mitigated using DSSC-powered LED supplemental lighting.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysiological responses of ginseng to abnormal season-long high temperature","authors":"Inbae Jang, Byungkwan Lee, Janguk Kim, Hyeona Hwang, Hyunwoo Cho, Hojin Ryu, Changhoo Chun","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00603-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00603-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p> Physiological responses of ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i>) were investigated under abnormal season-long high-temperature environmental conditions for obtaining vulnerability assessment data. Soil-plant-atmosphere research chambers were used to employ the + 2, +4, and + 6 elevated temperature conditions (ETC) from June to August compared to hourly-averaged air temperatures for the past 10 years (from 2010 to 2019) in Eumseong, Korea. Under the ETC, secondary growth and development of taproots were significantly inhibited due to the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency with chlorophyll destruction. The net photosynthetic rate at the light saturation point (<i>A</i>_max) decreased and the dark respiration rate (<i>R</i>_d) increased as the air temperature increased. Consequently, carbohydrate deposition in the storage parenchyma of the taproots decreased over time. The roots at harvest were severely rotten under + 6 ETC. The harvested root weights decreased by 60.1, 21.4, and 12.3% under + 6, +4, and + 2 ETC, respectively, compared to those under control conditions. Under + 2 and + 4 ETC, total ginsenoside content (TGC) in roots was similar, but under + 6 ETC, TGC significantly increased with the increases of the panaxatriol type ginsenoside Re and the panaxadiol types ginsenosides such as Rb₂, Rb₃, and Rd. These results suggest that developing high-temperature stress adaptation technologies should be considered frequent abnormally high-temperature environments caused by global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of grafting with wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium and Solanum habrochaites) rootstocks on growth and leaf mineral accumulation in salt stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00607-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00607-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>The positive response of grafting by tolerant rootstocks or scion-stock interactions on yield and fruit traits of tomatoes under saline conditions is attributed to several physiological and biochemical changes. In this study, we investigated some tolerance mechanisms by which grafting on wild rootstocks in tomatoes can prevent or minimize the effects of salt stress in plants under hydroponics conditions. Two tomato cultivars H2274 and Galaxy were grafted onto three <em>S. pimpinellifolium</em>, three <em>S. habrochaites</em>, <em>S. lycopersicum</em> L. × <em>S. pimpinellifolium</em> and <em>S. lycopersicum</em> L. × <em>S. Habrochaites</em> hybrid tomato genotypes. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture at two electrical conductivity (EC) levels (control at 1.5 dSm^-1 and salt at 8.0 dSm^-1). Salt stress led to a significant reduction in biomass growths of both grafted and nongrafted tomatoes. However, the plants that are least affected by salt stress are those grafted on wild tomato rootstocks. Leaf nutrient contents were significantly affected by rootstocks under both control and salt stress conditions. In this study, under saline conditions, plants grafted on wild rootstocks had higher N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Zn and B contents in leaf tissues and lower Na and Cl contents than ungrafted plants. Biochemical and physiological results revealed that <em>S. pimpinellifolium</em> and <em>S. habrochaites</em> have inherited salt tolerance from their genetic background. These wild tomato genotypes can be used as rootstocks in tomato breeding programs to develop salt-tolerant tomatoes or in grafting techniques under saline irrigation conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological response of potato leaves to uniconazole under drought stress during the tuber expansion period","authors":"Kaixin Ding, Ying Shan, Lichun Wang, Guokui Tian, Fengyun Li, Haiyan Wang, Ze Pang, Yang Pan, Hui Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s13580-024-00612-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-024-00612-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Long-term drought stress has irreversible effects on potato growth and reduces yield. Uniconazole can alleviate the growth inhibition and plant damage resulting from drought stress. In the current study, the effects of drought stress on the leaf physiology and yield of two potato varieties (Kexin No. 1, drought-tolerant, and Atlantic, drought-sensitive) and the ability of uniconazole to promote growth and productivity under drought conditions were studied. The results showed that uniconazole could effectively alleviate the degradation of chlorophyll under drought stress, and drought significantly inhibited the photosynthetic rate (<i>P</i>_n), transpiration rate (<i>T</i>_r), stomatal conductance (<i>G</i>_s), and intercellular CO₂ concentration (<i>C</i>_i) of the leaves of the two potato varieties. Exogenous uniconazole effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of drought on the photosynthetic parameters of potato leaves. Compared with drought treatment, uniconazole treatment reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂⁻) production in the leaves of Kexin No. 1 and Atlantic plants and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, alleviating the loss of yield factors caused by drought stress. In addition, the antioxidant enzyme activity and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of both varieties increased in response to drought stress. Drought + uniconazole treatment further increased the contents of the osmotic adjustment substances soluble protein and proline and ascorbate-glutathione (ASA-GSH) cycle products and substrates, including ascorbic acid (ASA), dehydroascorbate (DHA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Drought + uniconazole treatment also increased the ratio of ASA/DHA and GSH/GSSG in the two potato varieties under drought stress. This enhancement elevated the levels of reducing power and antioxidant capacity in the leaves, thus reducing the impacts of reactive oxygen species on the cell membrane. The drought-tolerant variety Kexin No. 1 exhibited a greater recovery than did the drought-sensitive variety Atlantic. These results provide a valuable reference for understanding the mechanism of drought resistance in potato plants and the effectiveness of uniconazole in alleviating drought-induced stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140300559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mining of differentially expressed genes from Korean wild grapes responding to grapevine leaf rust pathogen (Phakopsora euvitis) infection","authors":"Zar Le Myint, Srinivasan Ramalingam, Soon Young Ahn, Hae Keun Yun","doi":"10.1007/s13580-023-00592-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-023-00592-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grapevine leaf rust (GLR) caused by <i>Phakopsora euvitis</i> is a serious disease that results in severe leaf necrosis and early plant defoliation. This study sought to understand the plant host response against GLR at the molecular level and select useful genes for the breeding of resistant grapes. Hence, transcriptome analysis was conducted in two pathogen-inoculated Korean wild grape genotypes, namely, <i>Vitis coignetiae</i> Pulliant (Vc) and <i>V. flexuosa</i> Thunb (Vf), resistant and susceptible to GLR, respectively. RNAs were extracted from uninfected and infected leaves 24 h post-inoculation (hpi). In transcriptome analysis, a total of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were 3979 and 2436 in the resistant and susceptible genotypes, of which 1765 and 1162 were up-regulated, and 2214 and 1274 were down-regulated, respectively. The top five up-regulated genes in Vc compared to Vf were homolog of carrot EP3-3 chitinase, calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)-interacting protein kinase 20 (CIPK20), chalcone and stilbene synthase family protein, osmotin 34, and major latex protein (MLP)-like protein 423 (MLP423). The five most down-regulated genes in Vc compared to Vf were RADIALIS (RAD)-like 1, flavonol synthase 1, glutamine synthetase 2, RAD-like 6, and GDSL-like lipase/acylhydrolase superfamily protein, which were validated for their expression by real-time PCR. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, most of the up-regulated genes in Vc were associated with metabolic processes, whereas, most of down-regulated genes in Vf were associated with catalytic activity. The down-regulated genes in Vc and up-regulated genes in Vf were mostly associated with metabolic processes and catalytic activity. Defense-related genes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses were differentially expressed against the infection by the pathogen. This is the first report on the transcriptome analysis of grapevines in response to GLR and provides a basis for further studies on the discovery of resistant genes and the development of GLR-resistant grapevine varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":13123,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Environment and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}